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Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2024Many anuran amphibians deposit their eggs in foam nests, biostructures that help protect the eggs and tadpoles from predators. Currently, there are no other...
Many anuran amphibians deposit their eggs in foam nests, biostructures that help protect the eggs and tadpoles from predators. Currently, there are no other identification and description studies of the cultivable microbiota role in the nests of the Leptodactylid frogs such as Physalaemus cuvieri, Leptodactylus vastus and Adenomera hylaedactyla. This study aimed to isolate and identify the culturable bacteria from these three anuran species' nests, as well as to prospect enzymes produced by this microbiota. Foam nests samples and environmental samples were diluted and viable cell count was determined. Bacterial morphotypes from foam nest samples were isolated through spread plate technique. Isolates' DNAs were extracted followed by rRNA 16S gene amplification and Sanger sequencing. To evaluate their enzymatic potential, the isolates were cultured in ATGE medium supplemented with starch (0.1% w/v), gelatin (3% w/v) and skimmed milk (1% w/v), to verify amylase and protease activity. A total of 183 bacterial morphotypes were isolated, comprising 33 bacterial genera. Proteobacteria phylum was the most abundant in all the three nests (79%). The genera Pseudomonas and Aeromonas were the most abundant taxon in P. cuvieri and L. vastus. In A. Hylaedactyla, were Enterobacter and Bacillus. Regarding enzymatic activities, 130 isolates displayed protease activity and 45 isolates were positive for amylase activity. Our results provide unprecedented information concerning culturable bacterial microbiota of the foam nests of the Leptodactylid frogs, as well as their potential for biomolecules of biotechnological interest.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Nesting Behavior; Microbiota; DNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 38922194
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.280884 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024is the main pathogen of chicken necrotic enteritis (NE) causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Although dietary secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid...
is the main pathogen of chicken necrotic enteritis (NE) causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Although dietary secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) reduced chicken NE, the accumulation of conjugated tauro-DCA (TDCA) raised concerns regarding DCA efficacy. In this study, we aimed to deconjugate TDCA by bile salt hydrolase (BSH) to increase DCA efficacy against the NE pathogen . Assays were conducted to evaluate the inhibition of growth, hydrogen sulfide (HS) production, and virulence gene expression by TDCA and DCA. BSH activity and sequence alignment were conducted to select the gene for cloning. The gene from was PCR-amplified and cloned into plasmids pET-28a (pET-BSH) and pDR111 (pDR-BSH) for expressing the BSH protein in BL21 and 168 (BSH), respectively. His-tag-purified BSH from BL21 cells was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, Coomassie blue staining, and a Western blot (WB) assays. Secretory BSH from was analyzed by a Dot-Blot. -BSH was evaluated for the inhibition of growth. growth reached 7.8 log10 CFU/mL after 24 h culture. growth was at 8 vs. 7.4, 7.8 vs. 2.6 and 6 vs. 0 log10 CFU/mL in 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mM TDCA vs. DCA, respectively. Compared to TDCA, DCA reduced HS production and the virulence gene expression of , , , and . BSH activity was observed in and under anaerobe but not under 10% CO air. After the sequence alignment of from ten bacteria, from was selected, cloned into pET-BSH, and sequenced at 951 bp. After pET-BSH was transformed in BL21, BSH expression was assessed around 35 kDa using Coomassie staining and verified for His-tag using WB. After the subcloned and amylase signal peptide sequence was inserted into pDR-BSH, was transformed and named -BSH. The transformation was evaluated using PCR with around 3 kb and BSH around 5 kb. Secretory BSH expressed from -BSH was determined for His-tag using Dot-Blot. Importantly, growth was reduced greater than 59% log10 CFU/mL in the -BSH media precultured with 1 vs. 0 mM TDCA. In conclusion, TDCA was less potent than DCA against virulence, and recombinant secretory BSH from -BSH reduced growth, suggesting a new potential intervention against the pathogen-induced chicken NE.
PubMed: 38921762
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060464 -
Marine Drugs May 2024In this research, the chemical compositions of various extracts obtained from , a type of green seaweed collected from the Nador lagoon in the northern region of...
In this research, the chemical compositions of various extracts obtained from , a type of green seaweed collected from the Nador lagoon in the northern region of Morocco, were compared. Their antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties were also studied. Using GC-MS technology, the fatty acid content of the samples was analyzed, revealing that palmitic acid, eicosenoic acid, and linoleic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids present in all samples. The HPLC analysis indicated that sinapic acid, naringin, rutin, quercetin, cinnamic acid, salicylic acid, apigenin, flavone, and flavanone were the most prevalent phenolic compounds. The aqueous extract obtained by maceration showed high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, with values of 379.67 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g and 212.11 ± 0.11 mg QE/g, respectively. This extract also exhibited an impressive ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, as indicated by its IC value of 0.095 ± 0.12 mg/mL. Additionally, the methanolic extract obtained using the Soxhlet method demonstrated antioxidant properties by preventing β-carotene discoloration, with an IC of 0.087 ± 0.14 mg/mL. Results from in-vitro studies showed that extracts from were able to significantly inhibit the enzymatic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract (S) has been identified as the most potent inhibitor, exhibiting a statistically similar effect to that of acarbose. Furthermore, molecular docking models were used to evaluate the interaction between the primary phytochemicals found in these extracts and the human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. These findings suggest that extracts contain bioactive substances that are capable of reducing enzyme activity more effectively than the commercially available drug, acarbose.
Topics: Hypoglycemic Agents; Antioxidants; Ulva; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases; Molecular Docking Simulation; Morocco; Humans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Polyphenols; Flavonoids; Edible Seaweeds
PubMed: 38921551
DOI: 10.3390/md22060240 -
Metabolites May 2024(Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I. Wood is widely distributed throughout Africa. It is used ethnobotanically to treat various diseases. However, the metabolic profile of the...
(Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I. Wood is widely distributed throughout Africa. It is used ethnobotanically to treat various diseases. However, the metabolic profile of the species is not well characterized and the metabolites that are responsible for the bioactivity of this plant remain unknown. Therefore, there is a need to determine the phytochemical and bioactivity profile to identify metabolites that contribute to the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferation activity, including the genotoxicity and cytotoxic effects, of . The study is aimed at exploring the metabolomic profile antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferation activity, as well as the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effects, of constituents of . The compounds in the extract were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), and the resultant data were further analyzed using a molecular networking approach. The crude stem bark and root extracts showed the highest antidiabetic activity against α-amylase at the lowest test concentration of 62.5 µg/mL, with 74.53 ± 0.74% and 79.1 ± 1.5% inhibition, respectively. However, the crude stem bark and root extracts showed the highest antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase at the lowest test concentration of 31.3 µg/mL, with 98.20 ± 0.15% and 97.98 ± 0.22% inhibition, respectively. The crude methanol leaf extract showed a decrease in the nitrite concentration at the highest concentration of 200 µg/mL, with cell viability of 90.34 ± 2.21%, thus showing anti-inflammatory activity. No samples showed significant cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 10 µg/mL against HeLa cells. Furthermore, a molecular network of species using UPLC-QTOF-MS with negative mode electrospray ionization showed the presence of organic oxygen compounds, lipids, benzenoids, phenylpropanoids and polyketides. These compound classes were differentially distributed in the three different plant parts, indicating the chemical differences between the stem bark, root and leaf extracts of Therefore, the identified compounds may contribute to the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of . The stem bark, root and leaf extracts of yielded thirteen compounds identified for the first time in this plant, offering a promising avenue for the discovery of new lead drugs for the treatment of diabetes and inflammation. The use of molecular networking produced a detailed phytochemical overview of this species. The results reported in this study show the importance of searching for bioactive compounds from and provide new insights into the phytochemical characterization and bioactivity of different plant parts of .
PubMed: 38921427
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060291 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Jun 2024Food allergies have increased significantly in recent decades, with shellfish being a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide, affecting both children... (Review)
Review
Food allergies have increased significantly in recent decades, with shellfish being a leading cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide, affecting both children and adults. The prevalence of shellfish allergies is estimated to be approximately 0.5-2.5% of the general population, varying significantly by geographical location, age, and consumption habits. Although mollusk consumption has risen, the prevalence of mollusk allergies remains unknown. While extensive research has focused on crustacean allergies, mollusk allergies, particularly those related to gastropods, have received comparatively less attention. Clinical manifestations of shellfish allergy range from localized symptoms to life-threatening systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Notably, severe bronchospasm is a predominant clinical feature in cases involving gastropods. Several allergens have been identified in mollusks, including paramyosin, tropomyosin, and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein. In gastropods, documented allergens include tropomyosin, paramyosin, the heavy chain of myosin, and Der p 4 amylase. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical history, skin testing, in vitro quantification of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and confirmation through an oral challenge, although the latter is reserved for selected cases. This narrative review highlights the limited research on gastropod allergy. It provides a comprehensive list of purified and recombinant allergens and discusses the applications of component-resolved diagnosis as well as current therapeutic developments.
PubMed: 38921026
DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060355 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jun 2024As compared with exogenous components, non-starch components (NSCS), such as proteins, lipids, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and polyphenols, inherently present in... (Review)
Review
As compared with exogenous components, non-starch components (NSCS), such as proteins, lipids, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and polyphenols, inherently present in cereals, are more effective at inhibiting starch digestibility. Existing research has mostly focused on complex systems but overlooked the analysis of the in-situ role of the NSCS. This study reviews the crucial mechanisms by which endogenous NSCS inhibit starch digestion, emphasizing the spatial distribution-function relationship. Starch granules are filled with pores/channels-associated proteins and lipids, embedding in the protein matrix, and maintained by endosperm cell walls. The potential starch digestion inhibition of endogenous NSCS is achieved by altering starch gelatinization, molecular structure, digestive enzyme activity, and accessibility. Starch gelatinization is constrained by endogenous NSCS, particularly cell wall NSPs and matrix proteins. The stability of the starch crystal structure is enhanced by the proteins and lipids distributed in the starch granule pores and channels. Endogenous polyphenols greatly inhibit digestive enzymes and participate in the cross-linking of NSPs in the cell wall space, which together constitute a physical barrier that hinders amylase diffusion. Additionally, the spatial entanglement of NSCS and starch under heat and non-heat processing conditions reduces starch accessibility. This review provides novel evidence for the health benefits of whole cereals.
PubMed: 38920118
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2370487 -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Jun 2024In this study, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis-[(-methyl-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) iodide (ZnPc-2) was synthesized and characterized using...
In this study, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis-[(-methyl-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) iodide (ZnPc-2) was synthesized and characterized using spectral methods (FT-IR, H-NMR, UV-Vis and mass spectroscopy). The interaction of ZnPc-2 with DNA was investigated by using the UV/Vis titrimetric method, thermal denaturation profile, agarose gel electrophoresis and molecular docking studies. Additionally, the antidiabetic activity of ZnPc-2 was revealed spectroscopically by studying α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. The spectroscopic results indicated that ZnPc-2 effectively binds to calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) with a value of 7.5 × 10 M and interacts with CT-DNA noncovalent binding mode. Gel electrophoresis results also show that ZnPc-2 binds strongly to DNA molecules and exhibits effective nuclease activity even at low concentrations. Furthermore, docking studies suggest that ZnPc-2 exhibits a stronger binding tendency with DNA than the control compounds ethidium bromide and cisplatin. Consequently, due to its strong DNA binding and nuclease activity, ZnPc-2 may be suitable for antimicrobial and anticancer applications after further toxicological tests. Additionally, antidiabetic studies showed that ZnPc-2 had both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Moreover, the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of ZnPc-2 was approximately 3500 times higher than that of the standard inhibitor, acarbose. Considering these results, it can be said that ZnPc-2 is a moderate α-amylase and a highly effective α-glucosidase inhibitor. This suggests that ZnPc-2 may have the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
PubMed: 38919040
DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01138d -
Medicinal Chemistry (Shariqah (United... Jun 2024The most common heterocyclic aromatic molecule with potential uses in industry and medicine is quinoline. Its chemical formula is C9H7N, and it has a distinctive...
The most common heterocyclic aromatic molecule with potential uses in industry and medicine is quinoline. Its chemical formula is C9H7N, and it has a distinctive double-ring structure with a pyridine moiety fused with a benzene ring. Various synthetic approaches synthesize quinoline derivatives. These approaches include solvent-free synthetic approach, mechanochemistry, ultrasonic, photolytic synthetic approach, and microwave and catalytic synthetic approaches. One of the important synthetic approaches is a catalyst-based synthetic approach in which different catalysts are used such as silver-based catalysts, titanium-based nanoparticle catalysts, new iridium catalysts, barium-based catalysts, iron-based catalysts, gold-based catalysts, nickel-based catalyst, some metal-based photocatalyst, α-amylase biocatalyst, by using multifunctional metal-organic framework-metal nanoparticle tandem catalyst etc. In the present study, we summarized different catalyst-promoted reactions that have been reported for the synthesis of quinoline. Hopefully, the study will be helpful for the researchers.
PubMed: 38918990
DOI: 10.2174/0115734064315729240610045009 -
Biotechnology Letters Jun 2024In order to investigate the impact of L-cysteine (L-Cys) on starch and protein degradation during barley germination. The amylase activities, degradation of...
OBJECTIVES
In order to investigate the impact of L-cysteine (L-Cys) on starch and protein degradation during barley germination. The amylase activities, degradation of macromolecules during germination were determined in this study.
METHODS
Barley was germinated in petri dish for 0 to 5 days with different levels of L-Cys (0 mM, 2.5 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM).
RESULTS
L-Cys addition increased the total limit dextrinase (LD) activities and decreased the LD inhibitor activities during whole germination stage. The activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and free LD were increased with the addition of 2.5, 5 mM L-Cys at germination days 1 to 4. Due to higher amylase in malt with the addition of L-Cys, the non-fermentable sugars were reduced and the glucose, maltotriose were improved. Furthermore, the protein degradation analysis showed that low molecular weight protein increased and middle molecular weight protein decreased obviously in wort from the malt germinated with L-Cys, demonstrating that the L-Cys promote the protein degradation. Lastly, the filtration performance of malt with the addition of L-Cys during malting was better than the control.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, L-Cys can promote the degradation of storage material (starch, protein) during barley germination, leading to a better green malt quality.
PubMed: 38916822
DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03508-w -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Fish intestinal health under intensive aquaculture mode plays an important role in growth, development, and immune function. The present study was aimed to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Fish intestinal health under intensive aquaculture mode plays an important role in growth, development, and immune function. The present study was aimed to systematically investigate the differences of intestinal health between wild and cultured by biochemical parameters, histomorphology, and molecular biology. A total of 15 healthy per group, with an average body weight of 45 g, were sampled to analyze intestinal health parameters. Compared with wild fish, the cultured in the foregut had lower trypsin, lipase, SOD, CAT, T-AOC, and GSH-Px activities ( < 0.05) and higher amylase activity and MDA content ( < 0.05). The villus circumference and goblet cells in the cultured group were significantly lower than those in the wild group ( < 0.05). In addition, the cultured fish showed lower relative expression levels of , , , , , , , , , , , , and ( < 0.05) and higher , , , , and mRNA expressions than those of wild fish ( < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, the cultured group at the phylum level displayed higher percentages of and and lower percentages of , , , , and compared to the wild group ( < 0.05). At the genus level, higher abundances of and and lower abundances of and were observed in the cultured group than in the wild group ( < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the intestinal health status between wild and cultured in terms of biochemistry, histology, and molecular biology levels. Overall, the present study showed significant differences in intestinal health between wild and cultured and the main manifestations that wild had higher intestinal digestion, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier functions than cultured These results would provide theoretical basis for the subsequent upgrading of healthy aquaculture technology and nutrient regulation of intestinal health of cultured
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Intestines; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Smegmamorpha; Intestinal Mucosa; Cytokines; Animals, Wild
PubMed: 38915412
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411544