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Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024Pain and inflammation are the most frequent reasons for which people seek medical care. Currently available analgesics against these conditions produce fatal adverse...
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of NPK 500 capsules, a Cassia sieberiana DC. - Based herbal analgesic medicine used to treat dysmenorrhea and peptic ulcer, is mediated through the inhibition of PGE2 and iNOS.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Pain and inflammation are the most frequent reasons for which people seek medical care. Currently available analgesics against these conditions produce fatal adverse effects. NPK 500 capsules is an alternative herbal analgesic employed to treat dysmenorrhea, peptic ulcer and pain. NPK 500 is produced from Cassia sieberiana. A plant used in traditional medicine to treat pain and inflammation.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study reports the analysis, phytochemical characterization and mechanism of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two NPK 500 capsules, called old and new NPK500 capsules (ONPK500 and NNPK500) respectively.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Physicochemical, organoleptic, GC-MS and LC-MS methods were employed to analyze the NPK 500 capsules. Analgesic activity was evaluated using tail immersion, Randall-Selitto and acetic acid induced writing tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw inflammation. Additionally, pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-2 and COX-1) were quantified in the sera of the rats using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits.
RESULTS
Thirteen major compounds were characterized in the NNPK 500 capsules via the GC-MS and LC-MS spectroscopies. Kaempferol was the major compound characterized in addition to physcion, β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, betulinic acid and nine others. Physicochemical and organoleptic indices of the capsules were also derived for its authentication and quality control. Furthermore, NNPK 500 0.5-1.5 mg/kg p.o. produce significant (P < 0.5) analgesic activity (160-197%) higher than that of ONPK500 (109.8%) and Morphine (101%) in the tail immersion test. The analgesic activity of NNPK 500 0.5-1.5 mg/kg p.o. (171.0-258.3%) and ONPK 500 (179.5%) were also significant (P < 0.01) and higher than that of Aspirin (103.00%) in the Randall-Selitto test. Both capsules also demonstrated significant (P < 0.5) analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in the acetic acid-induced writhing and carrageenan-indued paw edema tests respectively. The two NPK500 capsules also, significantly (P < 0.5) inhibited PGE2 and iNOS but not COX-2 and COX-1 in the carrageenan-indued paw edema test.
CONCLUSION
These results show that NNPK 500 and ONPK 500 capsules possessed potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of PGE2 and iNOS as a result of their chemical constituents. NPK500 capsules thus, relief acute pain and inflammation without causing gastrointestinal, renal or hepatic injuries, since they did not inhibit COX-1.
PubMed: 38945468
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118510 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jun 2024Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of malignant myeloid cells that most commonly arise in patients previously diagnosed with myeloproliferative...
INTRODUCTION
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of malignant myeloid cells that most commonly arise in patients previously diagnosed with myeloproliferative disease. However, they can still occur in isolation and without bone marrow disease.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 8-year-old girl who had a history of acute myeloid leukemia and was off treatment for four years presented to the clinic with a history of on and off left knee swelling and pain without any direct trauma to the knee over the last two years. Knee Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffused joint effusion with proximal tibia focal edema. A diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was suspected, and the patient was started on treatment, but the problem did not resolve. Eventually, the patient underwent a repeat MRI and showed increased joint effusion with an increase in the focal edema. An open bone biopsy of the lesion was taken, and the histopathology showed sheets of primitive mononuclear cells positive for CD33 and CD117 and negative for CD34, myeloperoxidase, CD10, CD20, and CD68, indicating myeloid sarcoma.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Histological examination and immunohistochemistry are the most important in diagnosing myeloid sarcoma. Previously, before the introduction of chemotherapy and stem cell transplant, such cases of proximal tibia MS were treated with surgical resection of the bone. However, chemotherapy with the possibility of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) has changed the view of survival in such cases.
CONCLUSION
Isolated proximal tibia myeloid sarcoma is a rare occurrence that can be misdiagnosed and lead to delayed treatment. Bone biopsy, Immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetic studies play a critical role in differentiating MS from other types of tumors.
PubMed: 38945014
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109956 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2024Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that affects the female reproductive system and is characterized by an underdeveloped or...
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that affects the female reproductive system and is characterized by an underdeveloped or absent uterus and vagina. A 17-year-old unmarried female was admitted into the Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh in November 2023 for evaluation of primary amenorrhea and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. She was the 5th issue of non-consanguineous marriage delivered at term by normal vaginal delivery. Her growth pattern and developmental milestones were normal. She had no history of galactorrhea, chronic or cyclic pelvic pain, thyroid dysfunction, excessive exercise, psychiatric illness, or drug abuse. There was no history of such type of illness in her family. She was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus two years back without classic symptoms, and at that time, her blood glucose was 22 mmol/L. She was prescribed metformin and gliclazide. She had no history of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemic crises, or hospital admission. On examination, her body build and nutritional status were normal. Anemia, jaundice, edema, dehydration, lymphadenopathy, acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, abdominal striae and vitiligo were absent. Her blood pressure was 110/70 without the postural drop, thyroid gland was not enlarged, anthropometric measurements were normal and BMI was 18.4 kg/m2. Her tanner stage was P5 & B4. Genital examination revealed normal female external genitalia, and a blind vaginal pouch was found. Other systemic examinations revealed no abnormality. On laboratory reports, her blood glucose was uncontrolled (HbA1c-10.2%) with glycosuria. Thyroid function test and gonadal hormones were normal. Ultrasonogram of the abdomen revealed uterus, cervix, and upper part of the vagina are absent, and an ectopic left kidney.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Amenorrhea; 46, XX Disorders of Sex Development; Congenital Abnormalities; Mullerian Ducts; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38944743
DOI: No ID Found -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2024Physical activity and mindfulness techniques, such as exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama, are known to have positive effects on health and well-being. However, limited... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability and Electroencephalogram Activity: Unveiling Physiological and Cognitive Insights.
Physical activity and mindfulness techniques, such as exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama, are known to have positive effects on health and well-being. However, limited research has directly compared their impact on physiological and psychological parameters. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, shedding light on their contributions to overall health and mental well-being. The study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Bhopal, India, from 2018 to 2022. A prospective interventional design was employed over two months, involving 20 participants with normal BMI and no respiratory or cardiac conditions. Exclusion criteria included lung or cardiac diseases, smoking history, dyspnoea during physical activity, pedal edema, and high blood pressure. The Kapalbhati Pranayama intervention was supervised and limited to 5 minutes. HRV was assessed using the HRV Brain Tap Neuralchek Machine before, during, and after Kapalbhati. For exercise, a mild-intensity cycling protocol was performed on healthy volunteers aged 20 to 50. HRV was recorded before, during, and after exercise. The EEG analysis revealed notable changes in brain wave patterns. At baseline, participants exhibited higher levels of delta, theta, and alpha waves, indicating a state of relaxation and calmness. During exercise, there was a significant increase in beta waves and a decrease in delta, theta, and alpha waves, reflecting heightened brain activity and alertness. After Kapalbhati, beta wave levels remained elevated, while delta and theta wave suppression was more pronounced, suggesting a stimulating effect on the brain similar to exercise. The changes in beta and gamma EEG waves could be attributed to factors such as exercise intensity, duration, frequency, and the release of endorphins during both exercise and Kapalbhati. The HRV analysis demonstrated distinct responses to exercise and Kapalbhati. Exercise led to a significant reduction in HRV parameters, characterized by increased heart rate and decreased time-domain HRV measures, aligning with the typical sympathetic nervous system dominance during physical activity. In contrast, Kapalbhati's impact on HRV parameters was milder, with minor changes in heart rate and subtle alterations in time-domain HRV measures. The high LF/HF ratio during Kapalbhati suggested a potential stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. More comprehensive research is required to confirm these findings and understand the long-term effects of Kapalbhati on HRV and cardiovascular health. This study contributes to the understanding of how exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama affect both cognitive and cardiovascular aspects of health. It highlights that both interventions increase brain activity and alertness, but Kapalbhati may have a more potent effect. Exercise significantly reduces HRV parameters, indicating sympathetic nervous system dominance, while Kapalbhati has milder HRV effects. Further research with larger and more diverse populations is essential to confirm and expand on these findings, providing insights into optimizing cognitive function and cardiovascular health through tailored approaches of exercise and Kapalbhati Pranayama.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Electroencephalography; Adult; Male; Exercise; Female; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; India; Young Adult; Mindfulness; Yoga; Cognition
PubMed: 38944738
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Pediatrics Aug 2024Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common viral pathogen that accounts about 33 million cases of acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) worldwide in children... (Review)
Review
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common viral pathogen that accounts about 33 million cases of acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) worldwide in children under the age of 5 years each year. High-risk populations, particularly preterm infants, those with underlying chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, or compromised immune systems, are afflicted most significantly. RSV infection is characterized by significant amount of mucus and submucosal edema in the respiratory tract, leading to congestion and, oftentimes, significant respiratory distress. Antigen- and PCR-based testing are used to diagnose RSV infection.
Topics: Humans; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; Infant; Cost of Illness; Child, Preschool; Infant, Newborn; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human; Antiviral Agents; Risk Factors; Global Health
PubMed: 38944477
DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2024.02.003 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jun 2024The genus L. has high medicinal value and has traditional been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes, edema, colds, arthritis,... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The genus L. has high medicinal value and has traditional been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes, edema, colds, arthritis, asthma, and traumatic injuries.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This work addresses the missing information by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological applications of the more reported species of the genus L.. The origin of the genus, its toxicology, and the use of classical therapies in modern medicine were also discussed. It provides references for historical evidence, resource development, and medical research on the genus.
METHOD
ology: Data about the genus L. were gathered via Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Connected Papers, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), electronic ancient books and local chronicles. The WFO Plant List (wfoplantlist.org) and Flora of China (www.iplant.cn) confirmed L.'s Latin name, and the species information. The program ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 was used to create the molecular structures of the compounds that were displayed in the text.
RESULT
Currently, at least 740 constituents have been isolated and identified from L.. These include 9 groups of chemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. They have been shown to have over 20 biological properties in vivo and in vitro, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects.
CONCLUSION
Based on pharmacological investigations, chemical components, and traditional folk applications, L. is considered a medicinal plant having a variety of pharmacological actions. However, although the pharmacological activity of the L. genus has been preliminary demonstrated, most have only been assessed using simple in vitro cell lines or animal disease models. In order to fully elucidate the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of L., future studies should be conducted in a more comprehensive clinical manner.
PubMed: 38944358
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118494 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Jun 2024To evaluate the effectiveness of using vascular clips to seal targeted lymphatics in gynecological malignancies for the prevention of postoperative pelvic lymphocele and...
STUDY OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of using vascular clips to seal targeted lymphatics in gynecological malignancies for the prevention of postoperative pelvic lymphocele and symptomatic lymphocele after laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy.
DESIGN
Retrospective analysis.
SETTING
Single-center academic hospital.
PATIENTS
In total, 217 patients with gynecological malignancies were included.
INTERVENTIONS
Patients were classified into two groups: group 1 (vascular clips were used to seal the targeted lymphatics) and group 2 (electrothermal instruments were used to seal the targeted lymphatics). The patients were followed up 4-6 weeks after surgery to evaluate the incidence of lymphoceles by ultrasound or CT. Symptomatic lymphoceles are defined as those that cause infection, deep vein thrombosis with or without swelling of the extremities, edema (swelling) of the extremities or perineum, hydronephrosis and/or moderate to severe pain.
MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS
One hundred and thirteen patients were enrolled in group 1, and 104 patients were enrolled in group 2. Lymphoceles were observed in 46 (21.2%) patients. Fewer lymphoceles occurred in group 1 than in group 2 [8 (7.1%) vs. 38 (36.5%), p < 0.001]. The percentage of significantly sized lymphoceles was lower in group 1 than that in group 2 [4 (3.5%) vs. 30 (28.8%), p < 0.001]. Symptomatic lymphoceles occurred in 18 patients (8.3%), and only one (1.0%) occurred in group 1, while 17 (16.3%) occurred in group 2 (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that vascular clips were the only independent factor for preventing lymphocele (OR = 7.65, 95% CI = [3.30, 17.13], p < 0.001) and symptomatic lymphocele (OR = 22.03, 95% CI = [2.84, 170.63], p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that the use of vascular clips may be useful for the prevention of the development of lymphocele and symptomatic lymphocele secondary to pelvic lymphadenectomy performed via laparoscopy.
PubMed: 38944337
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.06.011 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an aging-related, chronic lung disease, with unclear pathogenesis and no effective treatment. One of the triggering factors in cell...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an aging-related, chronic lung disease, with unclear pathogenesis and no effective treatment. One of the triggering factors in cell aging is oxidative stress and it is known to have a role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this paper, the protective effect of the E-CG-01 (3,4-lacto-cycloastragenol) molecule in terms of its antioxidant properties was evaluated in the bleomycin induced mice lung fibrosis model. Bleomycin sulfate was administered as a single dose (2.5 U/kg body weight) intratracheally to induce lung fibrosis. E-CG-01 was administered intraperitoneally in three different doses (2 mg/kg/day, 6 mg/kg/day, and 10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, starting three days before the bleomycin administration. Fibrosis was examined by Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson Trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta1, Type I collagen Ki-67, and gama-H2AX markers. Activity analysis of catalase and Superoxide dismutase enzymes, measurement of total oxidant, total glutathione, and Malondialdehyde levels. In histological analysis, it was determined that all three different doses of the molecule provided a prophylactic effect against the progression of fibrosis compared to the bleomycin control group. However, it was observed that only the molecule applied in the high dose decreased the total oxidant stress level. Lung weight ratio increased in the BLM group but significantly reduced with high-dose E-CG-01. E-CG-01 at all doses reduced collagen deposition, TGF-β expression, and Ki-67 expression compared to the BLM group. Intermediate and high doses of E-CG-01 also significantly reduced alveolar wall thickness and edema formation. These findings suggest that E-CG-01 has potential therapeutic effects in mitigating lung fibrosis through its antioxidant properties.
PubMed: 38943992
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117016 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2024Rhinoplasty is a common surgical procedure used in nose esthetics and pathologies. Shaping the nasal bones is a crucial step in achieving successful rhinoplasty surgery....
BACKGROUND
Rhinoplasty is a common surgical procedure used in nose esthetics and pathologies. Shaping the nasal bones is a crucial step in achieving successful rhinoplasty surgery. However, complications such as excessive bleeding, edema, mucosal damage, and periosteal damage may occur during osteotomy for nose shaping.
AIM
To investigate the damage to soft tissue and the effects on oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in the blood caused by osteotomy performed on rabbits, using different osteotomy methods. Methods: Thirty-two albino New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups. Group A was the sham group (n = 8), Group B the piezoelectric device group (n = 8), Group C the manual saw group (n = 8), and Group D the classical osteotomy group (n = 8). About 3 ml of blood was drawn to compare preoperative and postoperative interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and glutathione (GSH) levels. A 1 mm3 piece of soft tissue from the nasal bone of each animal in the study groups was sent for histopathological examination. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the incidence of postoperative necrosis, inflammation, and edema in the groups.
RESULTS
Histopathologically, edema was significantly higher in Group C and Group D compared to Group B. Inflammation was increased in all groups. The necrosis was significantly higher in Group B compared to Group C and Group D. Except for two parameters, no significant changes were found in the biochemical markers for all groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The piezoelectric device was found to be a better option for reducing edema and inflammation, while manual saws and classical osteotomy may lead to more tissue damage.
Topics: Animals; Oxidative Stress; Rabbits; Osteotomy; Rhinoplasty; Biomarkers; Nitric Oxide; Cytokines; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Glutathione; Edema; Interleukin-10; Piezosurgery; Nose
PubMed: 38943295
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_686_23 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jun 2024To assess the effectiveness and safety of treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea using fractional radiofrequency (FRF).
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness and safety of treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea using fractional radiofrequency (FRF).
METHODS
Twenty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of erythema capillaris rosacea were selected, and one side of each patient's face was randomly assigned to receive FRF treatments for three to six times, with an interval of 2 weeks between each treatment. VISIA, dermoscopy, and the Clinician's Erythema Evaluation Scale (CEA) were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment before and after the treatment, to record the VAS scores and adverse reactions, and to conduct a patient satisfaction survey.
RESULTS
The characteristic counts and scores of red zone and porphyrin as assessed by VISIA test were significantly decreased, and the difference between the treated side and the pretreatment side was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the efficacy of the treatment was statistically insignificant compared with the control side, except for the red zone and porphyrin which were statistically significant before and after the treatment (p > 0.05). By CEA score, the difference between the treated side after treatment and the control side was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the difference between the treated side before and after treatment was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the difference between the control side before and after treatment was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dermatoscopic observation showed reduction in pore size, reduction of yellowish-white and black horn plugs within the pores, lightening of the red background and thinning and blurring of the capillary structure on the treated side of the skin compared to the control side, and the skin on the treated side showed the above mentioned changes before and after the treatment as well. The mean pain score of the subjects was obtained by VAS score 3.67 ± 0.90. Adverse effects included mild edema, erythema, and microscopic crusting; no long-term adverse effects were seen in all patients. The efficacy of FRF treatment was evaluated 1 month after the final treatment, and 85% of the subjects rated it as satisfactory, very satisfactory, and very satisfactory.
CONCLUSION
FRF for the treatment of erythematous capillary dilatation rosacea is effective, safe, and suitable for clinical promotion.
PubMed: 38943266
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16354