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Acta Oto-laryngologica 1989A dual innervation in salivary glands has been discussed. It is unclear how alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic agents stimulate the secretory cells. Different effects on...
A dual innervation in salivary glands has been discussed. It is unclear how alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic agents stimulate the secretory cells. Different effects on serous and mucous cells are reported after stimulating with carbachol, clonidine, noradrenaline, cyclocytidine and pilocarpine, respectively. In the rat, carbachol and clonidine predominantly affect the mucous cells, however, with different morphological effects. Cyclocytidine exclusively degranulates the serous cells. Noradrenaline stimulates both serous and mucous cells and gives rise to vast cytoplasmic changes. Pilocarpine only shows effect on the mucous cells with formation of intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The effects reported are discussed with regard to experiments on salivary gland radiosensitivity.
Topics: Ancitabine; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Cytarabine; Cytoplasmic Granules; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Norepinephrine; Pilocarpine; Radiation-Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Submandibular Gland
PubMed: 2474231
DOI: 10.3109/00016488909127536 -
Yao Xue Xue Bao = Acta Pharmaceutica... 1989The antiherpes virus effects of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (DHPG) were studied in cell culture and in experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits. In...
The antiherpes virus effects of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (DHPG) were studied in cell culture and in experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits. In plaque reduction assays in Vero cell, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DHPG was shown to be 0.1 microgram/ml against HSV-1. Combination of DHPG and Cyclocytidine (CC), produced a synergistic activity against kos strains of HSV-1. Whereas the combination of DHPG and Acyclovir (ACV) or Tai-Ding-An (TDA) resulted in an additive interaction against HSV-1. Topical application of 0.1% or 0.05% DHPG eyedrop was initiated 48h after virus inoculation, significant efficacy was obtained in rabbits with herpetic epithelial keratitis. But 0.025 and 0.01% DHPG eyedrop showed no effect. 0.1% DHPG has been shown to be effective in the topical treatment of herpetic stromal keratitis in the rabbits.
Topics: Acyclovir; Ancitabine; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Drug Synergism; Ganciclovir; Keratitis, Dendritic; Phthalimides; Rabbits; Simplexvirus; Thiosemicarbazones; Vero Cells
PubMed: 2481939
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology 1989Rat submandibular glands were exposed to fractionated irradiation of 50 Gy, as given comparably in clinical practice. The induced changes were compared by giving only...
Rat submandibular glands were exposed to fractionated irradiation of 50 Gy, as given comparably in clinical practice. The induced changes were compared by giving only irradiation or radiation in conjunction with stimulating the salivary glands with cyclocytidine prior to treatment. Cyclocytidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist that effectively depletes the serous cells of their granules and their heavy metal content. Findings in the present study show that the administration of the drug prior to each irradiation reduces the radiation-induced destruction in the epithelial cells in the submandibular gland.
Topics: Ancitabine; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Cytarabine; Male; Norepinephrine; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiation Tolerance; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salivary Glands; Time Factors
PubMed: 2480776
DOI: 10.1007/BF00453662 -
Chinese Medical Journal Aug 1988
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alkaloids; Ancitabine; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Female; Harringtonines; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Vincristine
PubMed: 2466617
DOI: No ID Found -
Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao = Acta... Jul 1988
Topics: Acyclovir; Ancitabine; Animals; Cytarabine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Keratitis, Dendritic; Rabbits; Simplexvirus
PubMed: 2461639
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Jul 1988We report here that 1-(2,3-anhydro-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl)cytosine has activity against the human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. A number of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We report here that 1-(2,3-anhydro-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl)cytosine has activity against the human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. A number of 2',3'-anhydro-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl nucleoside derivatives were prepared, but none had the activity of the title compound. New efficient procedures were developed for the synthesis of 3'-deoxy-3'-alkyl- and 3'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinosylpyrimidine derivatives.
Topics: Ancitabine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cytarabine; Cytidine; HIV; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Thymidine; Uracil; Zidovudine
PubMed: 2455053
DOI: 10.1021/jm00402a038 -
Neoplasma 1988The stability of cyclocytidine (II) in aqueous solutions decreased with increasing pH and temperature. After intravenous injection to rats the biphasic decline of...
The stability of cyclocytidine (II) in aqueous solutions decreased with increasing pH and temperature. After intravenous injection to rats the biphasic decline of cyclocytidine in the serum was accompanied by simultaneous formation of arabinosylcytosine. Since under physiological conditions (37 degrees C, pH 7.2) the half-lifetime of cyclocytidine dissolved in water was 5 hours, the very early appearance of arabinosylcytosine in the serum of rats suggests that various hydrolytic enzymes may also be responsible for the conversion of cyclocytidine in to arabinosylcytosine in vivo. An equimolar dose of arabinosylcytosine (I) injected to rats produced serum levels which were several times higher than those of cyclocytidine under the same conditions. Since the rate constant of overall elimination was similar for both compounds, this difference in serum levels may most probably be explained by a much higher distribution volume of cyclocytidine resulting also in a higher plasmatic clearance of this compound.
Topics: Ancitabine; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytarabine; Half-Life; Hydrolysis; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
PubMed: 2464769
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Oto-laryngologica. Supplementum 1988The submandibular glands in 100 rats were subjected to different sialagogues: carbachol, clonidine, noradrenalin, and cyclocytidine. The morphological effects of these...
The submandibular glands in 100 rats were subjected to different sialagogues: carbachol, clonidine, noradrenalin, and cyclocytidine. The morphological effects of these drugs were compared ultrastructurally. Clonidine, which is an alpha-2-agonist affected mostly the mucous cells, with formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles between the mucous droplets. Noradrenalin and cyclocytidine, both alpha-1-agonists, showed depletion of secretory granules in the serous cells. Noradrenalin also induced cytoplasmic disorganization with enlarged mitochondria, irregular endoplasmic reticulum, and shrinking of the secretory lumen. Carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, was found to produce widespread vacuolization in the cytoplasm of both serous and mucous cells. Small vesicles appeared and mitochondria were destroyed. To induce experimentally a complete depletion of granular serous cells, without other changes in ultrastructural morphology, cyclocytidine was found to be the most efficient drug.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Ancitabine; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Cytoplasmic Granules; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Norepinephrine; Rats; Salivation; Stimulation, Chemical; Submandibular Gland; Vacuoles
PubMed: 2461044
DOI: 10.3109/00016488809102852 -
Auris, Nasus, Larynx 1988The submandibular glands in 32 rats were exposed to either fractionated irradiation comparable to 50 Gy or a single fraction of 50 Gy. Prior to irradiation half the rats...
The submandibular glands in 32 rats were exposed to either fractionated irradiation comparable to 50 Gy or a single fraction of 50 Gy. Prior to irradiation half the rats were given cyclocytidine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist which depletes serous cell granules. The results suggest that irradiation causes a significant, irreversible destruction of serous cells. Visible morphological changes were: intracytoplasmic vacuoles, destroyed mitochondria with disrupted cristae and derangement of the endoplasmic reticulum. Animals treated with cyclocytidine had diminished radiation injury. This drug may act as radioprotector, depleting secretory heavy metal granules, reducing radiation damage in the submandibular salivary glands.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Ancitabine; Animals; Cytarabine; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasmic Granules; Endothelium, Vascular; Male; Mitochondria; Pinocytosis; Radiation Tolerance; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 2458710
DOI: 10.1016/s0385-8146(88)80004-x -
Radiation-induced decreases of serous cell immunoglobulin excretions in the rat submandibular gland.Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology 1988The effect of radiation on the submandibular glands of the rat was studied with special reference to the immune reactivity of IgG and IgA. These immunoglobulins are...
The effect of radiation on the submandibular glands of the rat was studied with special reference to the immune reactivity of IgG and IgA. These immunoglobulins are localized in the serous cells and were influenced by irradiation. Radiation therapy markedly reduced the reactivity for both IgG and IgA. Immunocytochemistry showed a good correlation to the deteriorated morphology as revealed by light and electron microscopy. The local excretion of immunoglobulins in the submandibular gland can thus be affected by radiation and results in an increased risk for oral infections. Pretreatment of animals with the secretagogue cyclocytidine caused less pronounced damage in cellular ultrastructure and immunological findings, as observed by fluorescence microscopy.
Topics: Ancitabine; Animals; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Mast Cells; Microscopy, Electron; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Submandibular Gland
PubMed: 2455498
DOI: 10.1007/BF00481449