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Heliyon Mar 2022Insecticides are commonly used pesticides in the world. Chronic exposure to insecticides has adverse effects on various human body organs. In this study, hematological...
Insecticides are commonly used pesticides in the world. Chronic exposure to insecticides has adverse effects on various human body organs. In this study, hematological findings were assessed in workers in an insecticide manufacturing plant. Hematological parameters and clinical symptoms were recorded in 99 workers exposed to insecticides and 107 workers not exposed to them in a cross-sectional study. Assessment of the hematological results showed a higher prevalence of thrombocytosis in the exposed group than the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Mean white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, anisocytosis of red blood cells (RBCs), and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Prevalence rates of headache, itchy skin, cough, and sleep disorders were higher in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Chronic exposure to insecticides can alter hematological parameters in the normal range. Occupational exposure to insecticides may increase WBCs, platelet count, NLR, and red cell distribution width (RDW). It can also cause thrombocytosis. Complete blood count (CBC), as an inexpensive and accessible tool, can help monitor workers' health status exposed to insecticides properly.
PubMed: 35299610
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09040 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Jun 2022A 7-year-old male castrated Maine Coon cat presented with edema of the right hindlimb and a markedly enlarged right popliteal lymph node. A CBC showed a neutropenia of...
A 7-year-old male castrated Maine Coon cat presented with edema of the right hindlimb and a markedly enlarged right popliteal lymph node. A CBC showed a neutropenia of 1.5 × 10 /μL. Radiographs and ultrasonographic examination were unremarkable. Cytology of the right popliteal lymph node revealed a mixed population of cells, consisting predominantly of medium to large plasmacytoid lymphocytes, low to moderate numbers of well-differentiated plasma cells and low numbers of small lymphocytes. Plasmacytoid lymphocytes had round nuclei with finely stippled chromatin and one prominent round nucleolus. Low numbers of binucleated cells and bizarre mitotic figures, and rare multinucleated cells were observed. Histopathologic examination of the lymph node showed effacement of the normal lymph node architecture by dense sheets of neoplastic cells. Round to polygonal tumor cells of intermediate size had a low to moderate amount of cytoplasm. Round to indented hyperchromatic nuclei were often eccentrically located and contained one distinct nucleolus. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were moderate and 21 mitoses/10 high power field (HPF) were present. Congo red staining was negative. High numbers of tumor cells were positive for lambda light chain immunoglobulin; moderate numbers stained positive for MUM-1. A clonal BCR gene rearrangement was detected with an immunoglobulin heavy chain target (IGH), immunoglobulin lambda light chain (IgL), and kappa deleting element (Kde). Differential diagnoses for the lymphoproliferative disease in this cat included lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and myeloma-related disorder.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Plasma Cells
PubMed: 35181934
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13062 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Jun 2022An 8-year-old mixed breed male dog was presented with a mass on the rostral mandibular gingiva that quickly emerged 2-3 weeks prior to presentation. The mass was firm,...
An 8-year-old mixed breed male dog was presented with a mass on the rostral mandibular gingiva that quickly emerged 2-3 weeks prior to presentation. The mass was firm, smooth, well-circumscribed, and approximately 2 × 1 × 0.5 cm in size rostral to the left mandibular canine tooth (304). Clinical examination and radiographs were unremarkable. Cytology revealed two distinct cell populations, consisting of numerous uniform-appearing epithelial cell clusters and low numbers of individual spindle cells. Epithelial cells had mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, round nuclei with finely stippled chromatin, no prominent nucleoli, high N:C ratios, and low amounts of pale basophilic cytoplasm. Slender spindle cells observed had oval nuclei with no prominent nucleoli and wispy cytoplasm. On histopathologic examination, the lamina propria of the gingiva was dissected by numerous irregular and anastomosing trabeculae and islands of neoplastic epithelial cells. Neoplastic cells were focally in connection with the hyperplastic overlying epithelium. The trabeculae were surrounded and embedded by cell-rich fibrous stroma. Peripheral to the islands and trabeculae, cells were arranged in palisades, and the nuclei had an antibasilar location. The epithelial cells had prominent intercellular bridges, low amounts of cytoplasm, and one round to oval nucleus. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were mild to moderate, and six mitoses/10 HPF were present. Tumor cells reached the deep sample margins. Histopathologic evaluation was consistent with acanthomatous ameloblastoma. This locally aggressive neoplasm causes alveolar bone lysis and often extends beyond alveolar bone margins. Acanthomatous ameloblastoma is an important differential for rostral mandibular gingival masses containing numerous uniform epithelial cell clusters with rare slender spindle cells.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Male
PubMed: 35178757
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13080 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2022Gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were investigated.
OBJECTIVE
Gross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were investigated.
SAMPLES
Thirty-two enucleated globes with uveal melanocytic neoplasms, 27 from dogs and 5 from cats, were examined.
PROCEDURES
Morphological characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were evaluated with anti-PNL2, anti-Melan-A, anti-Ki-67, anti-caspase-3, and anti-BAP1 immunomarkers. Statistical analysis was performed to compare canine melanocytomas and melanomas.
RESULTS
The 32 uveal neoplasms were classified as melanocytomas (19/27 in dogs) or melanomas (8/27 in dogs, 5/5 in cats). Most tumours (84%) were located in the anterior uvea. Neoplastic cells were classified as epithelioid, spindle-shaped, mixed, or special type (balloon and signet ring cells). The percentage of cells with melanin, melanin concentration within cells, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic count, lymphocytic inflammation, necrosis, vascular invasion, and glaucoma were also characterized. Anisocytosis, percentage of neoplastic cells with melanin, mitotic count, and indices (proliferation and apoptotic) varied significantly between canine uveal melanomas and melanocytomas; in general, melanomas had greater cell variability, were less pigmented, and had a higher mitotic count. The melanocytic origin of the neoplasms was confirmed by positive anti-PNL2 immunolabelling (29/32) and positive anti-Melan-A immunolabelling (3/32). In canine uveal melanomas, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis correlated with less pigmentation and minimal pigmentation correlated with a high percentage of immunolabelling for caspase-3.
CONCLUSIONS
Uveal melanocytomas were more common in dogs, and uveal melanomas were more frequent in cats. Anisocytosis, percentage of neoplastic cells with melanin, and mitotic count are important histologic characteristics of malignancy to evaluate in uveal melanocytic neoplasms. The proliferation and apoptotic indices are relevant when comparing malignant tumours with benign tumours.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Melanins; Melanoma; Uvea
PubMed: 35122675
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.752 -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology Mar 2022The brown-throated sloth, Bradypus variegatus, is a common species endemic to South and Central America. Nonetheless, maintaining these animals in captivity can be...
The brown-throated sloth, Bradypus variegatus, is a common species endemic to South and Central America. Nonetheless, maintaining these animals in captivity can be challenging, and very few institutions manage to do so. The São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation is in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in the middle of São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. This forest fragment has a population of B. variegatus that is geographically isolated and yet to be studied. Assessing the health status of individuals remains difficult due to the lack of reference intervals (RIs) for hematologic and biochemical variables for this species. We aimed to establish hematologic and biochemical RIs in a population of wild B. variegatus living in the largest remnant of Atlantic rainforest in São Paulo city, Brazil. Blood samples from 25 individuals of wild B. variegatus were collected and analyzed for 20 hematologic and 21 biochemical variables, using standard laboratory techniques. Each variable was statistically analyzed according to the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. The results obtained for each variable were statically analyzed, making it possible to obtain descriptive statistics for all hematologic and biochemical variables. RIs were determined for 16 hematologic variables. During the microscopic analysis, we observed anisocytosis, polychromatophils, Howell-Jolly bodies, macroplatelets, and reactive lymphocytes. The RIs and descriptive statistics described here establish important baseline numbers that could be essential for the management and treatment of both captive and wild B. variegatus sloths.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Erythrocyte Count; Sloths
PubMed: 35112370
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13036 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Feb 2022A 12-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with a round and firm mass on the dorsal part of the left rear paw and a cervical mass was brought to the clinic. The paw mass...
A 12-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with a round and firm mass on the dorsal part of the left rear paw and a cervical mass was brought to the clinic. The paw mass was contiguous to the adjacent tendon; it was composed of neoplastic mesenchymal cells and had scattered foci of calcification with chondroid differentiation microscopically. The neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and S100, but negative for desmin and smooth muscle actin. Microscopic features and immunohistochemistry results were consistent with calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (CAF). The cervical mass was composed of polygonal cells forming acini with marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and diagnosed as thyroid follicular carcinoma. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of canine CAF with features identical to its human counterparts. Key clinical message: This report describes the rare case of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma on the paw in a dog. This is apparently the first case in the veterinary literature with identical clinical and pathological features to the human counterpart.
Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Fibroma; Fibroma, Ossifying; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 35110769
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Hematology Dec 2021The monthly continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) utilization maintains stable hemoglobin (Hb) after conversion from weekly epoetin-β (EB); however, how...
Monthly Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator Versus Weekly Epoetin-Beta, Similar Hemoglobinization but Different Anisocytosis Degree in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND
The monthly continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) utilization maintains stable hemoglobin (Hb) after conversion from weekly epoetin-β (EB); however, how the different pharmacologic properties affect the red blood cell (RBC) size determined by RBC distribution width (RDW) has not been evaluated yet. We assess the potential differences in iron metabolism, plasma erythropoietin (EPO), hepcidin, and soluble α-Klotho (α-Klotho) levels as an emergent hematopoiesis factor.
METHODS
Thirty-seven chronic hemodialysis patients were included from January 2010 to November 2011 and randomized (1:1) to continue with EB or to convert to monthly CERA. Primary outcome was the mean change in Hb between groups at months 0, 3 and 6, and the percentage of patients who maintained stable Hb (Hb ± 1 g/dL from baseline level to month 6). Secondary outcomes were the influence on the erythropoietic process and iron metabolism markers. Thirty-one patients completed the study (CERA: n = 15, EB: n = 16).
RESULTS
The mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) Hb difference between groups was 0.28 g/dL (-0.36 to 0.93). There was no difference between the percentages of patients with stable Hb levels. In the CERA group RDW values increased progressively (interaction erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) type and time on RDW values, F (1.57, 45.60) = 17.17, P < 0.01, partial η = 0.37) and the mean corpuscular volume changed at the different time points, (F (2, 28) = 29.12, P = 0.03, partial η = 0.23). During the evaluation period, in the CERA group, EPO was higher, and hepcidin and ferritin decreased significantly. α-Klotho decreased in both groups and correlated negatively with the changes on the RDW and positively with transferrin and serum iron. The number of serious adverse events was higher at the CERA group.
CONCLUSIONS
Monthly CERA maintained Hb concentrations; however, it showed a significant effect on RDW, probably due to its impact on the EPO and hepcidin levels. α-Klotho decreased significantly in both groups, and its changes correlated with the changes in iron metabolism. Whether the RDW evolution was associated with the serious adverse events (SAEs) is a feasible hypothesis that needs to be confirmed in large studies.
PubMed: 35059087
DOI: 10.14740/jh862 -
Journal of Comparative Physiology. B,... Mar 2022The northwest Atlantic leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) population is exhibiting decreasing trends along numerous nesting beaches. Since population health...
Morphometrics and blood analytes of leatherback sea turtle hatchlings (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida: reference intervals, temporal trends with clutch deposition date, and body size correlations.
The northwest Atlantic leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) population is exhibiting decreasing trends along numerous nesting beaches. Since population health and viability are inherently linked, it is important to establish species- and life-stage class-specific blood analyte reference intervals (RIs) so that effects of future disturbances on organismal health can be better understood. For hatchling leatherbacks, the objectives of this study were to (1) establish RIs for morphometrics and blood analytes; (2) evaluate correlations between hatchling morphometrics, blood analytes, and hatching success; and (3) determine temporal trends in hatchling morphometrics and blood analytes across nesting season. Blood samples were collected from 176 naturally emerging leatherback hatchlings from 18 clutches. Reference intervals were established for morphometrics and blood analytes. Negative relationships were noted between hatchling mass and packed cell volume, total white blood cells, heterophils, lymphocytes, and total protein and between body condition index (BCI) and immature red blood cells (RBC), RBC polychromasia and anisocytosis, and total protein. Clutch deposition date showed positive relationships with lymphocytes and total protein, and negative relationships with hatchling mass and BCI. Hatching success was positively correlated with mass, and negatively with total protein and glucose, suggesting that nutritional provisions in eggs, incubation time, and/or metabolic rates could change later in the season and affect survivorship. These various observed correlations provide evidence for increased physiological stress (e.g., inflammation, subclinical dehydration) in hatchlings emerging later in nesting season, presumably due to increased nest temperatures or other environmental factors (e.g., moisture/rainfall). Data reported herein provide morphometric and blood analyte data for leatherback hatchlings and will allow for future investigations into spatiotemporal trends and responses to various stressors.
Topics: Animals; Body Size; Florida; Reference Values; Seasons; Turtles
PubMed: 34997274
DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01422-5 -
Pathogens & Immunity 2021Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), end-stage liver disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality....
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) chronic infection can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), end-stage liver disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. Transient Elastography (TE) is used to non-invasively assess fibrosis. Whether immune monitoring provides additive prognostic value is not established. Increased red-cell distribution width (RDW) and decreased absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) predict mortality in those without liver disease. Whether these relationships remain during HCV infection is unknown.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort of 1,715 single-site VA Liver Clinic patients receiving Transient Elastography (TE) 2014-2019 to evaluate HCV-associated liver damage were evaluated for RDW and ALC in relation to traditional parameters of cardiovascular risk, liver health, development of HCC, and mortality.
RESULTS
The cohort was 97% male, 55% African American, 26% with diabetes mellitus, 67% with hypertension, and 66% with tobacco use. After TE, 3% were subsequently diagnosed with HCC, and 12% (n=208) died. Most deaths (n=189) were due to non-liver causes. The TE score associated with prevalent CVD, positively correlated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) 10-Year Risk Score, age, RDW, and negatively correlated with ALC. Patients with anisocytosis (RDW above 14%) or lymphopenia (ALC level under 1.2×10/L) had greater subsequent all-cause mortality, even after adjusting for age, TE score, and comorbidities. TE score, and to a modest degree RDW, were associated with subsequent liver-associated mortality, while TE score, RDW, and ALC were each independently associated with non-liver cause of death.
CONCLUSION
Widely available mortality calculators generally require multiple pieces of clinical information. RDW and ALC, parameters collected on a single laboratory test that is commonly performed, prior to HCV therapy may be pragmatic markers of long-term risk of mortality.
PubMed: 34988340
DOI: 10.20411/pai.v6i2.467 -
Experimental Oncology Dec 2021Hypercaloric intake can lead to obesity, which is a major risk factor associated with chronic subclinical inflammation and many types of cancer. It can increase the...
BACKGROUND
Hypercaloric intake can lead to obesity, which is a major risk factor associated with chronic subclinical inflammation and many types of cancer. It can increase the serum levels of leptin, prolactin, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) and interleukin (IL)-6, implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.
AIM
To explore the effects of obesity induced by chronic hypercaloric diet in rats on the long-term expression of leptin receptor (OB-R), prolactin receptor, NF-кB, and IL-6, and the changes of histology in rat prostate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From postnatal day 21, experimental males were fed with normal chow or chow plus enriched hypercaloric liquid diet. On the postnatal day 90 (13 week old), the animals were euthanized for prostate histology (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and hormone receptors analysis by Western blot.
RESULTS
Hypercaloric diet resulted in obesity (32% higher body weight). The prostates of the obese males showed epithelium anisocytosis and compressed interstice. There was also greater volume of lipidic content, anisokaryosis, alterations of the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, and apparent proplasia. Measures in the ventral prostate (VP) showed that alveoli area increased, but epithelium height and nucleus area were reduced. In the dorsolateral prostate, there was only reduction of nucleus area and presence of mononuclear cells in the lumen. Hypercaloric males also expressed a trend for more OB-R 130 kD in the VP, but no changes were observed with regard to prolactin receptor, NF-кB and IL-6.
CONCLUSION
The obesity due to chronic consumption of hypercaloric diet affects both prostatic regions, but VP is possibly more sensitive via OB-R. We suggest that longer periods of obesity are needed to alter other receptors or the molecular markers of inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Interleukin-6; Male; NF-kappa B; Obesity; Prostate; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Leptin; Receptors, Prolactin
PubMed: 34967548
DOI: 10.32471/exp-oncology.2312-8852.vol-43-no-4.16826