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Saudi Medical Journal Jul 2024To evaluate the correlation between different attributes, levels of biomarkers, and the probability of developing cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients who have been...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the correlation between different attributes, levels of biomarkers, and the probability of developing cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and liver cirrhosis (LC). The hypothesis suggests that liver illness may be linked to renal impairment, cardiac dysfunction, and the development of cardiorenal syndrome METHODS: The current study retrospectively assessed the medical records of patients who had LC and T2DM diagnoses and were hospitalized at Al Madina Al Munwara hospitals in 2022 and 2023.
RESULTS
This research investigated T2DM patients with physician-confirmed to have LC. Poor glycemic control is indicated by high blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) readings in research participants. High blood pressure, atherogenic plasma indicator (AIP), and obesity plagued most of these individuals. High creatinine, moderate estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) decline, and a modest urinary albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) rise were the most prevalent variables in LC and T2DM patients. Cardiorenal syndrome risk factors, including elevated blood pressure, triglyceride levels, body mass index (BMI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations, were identified through logistic regression. It has been demonstrated that the prevalence of these risk factors increases with age; women may be at a greater risk for developing CRS. Specific biomarker evaluations classified 108 (22.6%) LC and T2DM patients at high risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD), 100 (20%) at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 91 (18.2%) at risk for CRS.
CONCLUSION
The current assessment included 500 patients with T2DM and LC. The risk factors for CRS identified in this study included elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high BMI, and elevated blood pressure, with age being a significant factor, particularly in female patients. Early identification of these characteristics in patients with LC and T2DM could aid in mitigating the progression of chronic illnesses and their associated complications.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Biomarkers; Saudi Arabia; Middle Aged; Cardio-Renal Syndrome; Risk Factors; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Adult; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glycated Hemoglobin; Creatinine
PubMed: 38955454
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.7.20240156 -
Saudi Medical Journal Jul 2024To understand the prevalence and survival rates of preterm birth (PTB) is of utmost importance in informing healthcare planning, improving neonatal care, enhancing...
OBJECTIVES
To understand the prevalence and survival rates of preterm birth (PTB) is of utmost importance in informing healthcare planning, improving neonatal care, enhancing maternal and infant health, monitoring long-term outcomes, and guiding policy and advocacy efforts.
METHODS
The medical records of preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with a diagnosis of prematurity at the Maternity and Children's Hospital (MCH), Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia, were reviewed between January 2018 and December 2022. Data were collected on birth weight (BW), gender, number of live births, gestational age, mortality, nationality, APGAR score, length of stay in the NICU, and maternal details.
RESULTS
A total of 9809 live births were identified between 2018 and 2022, of which 139 (3.9%) were born preterm. The overall mortality rate of the included sample was 7.19%, whereas the mortality rate according to BW was 38.4% of those born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW). The most common intrapartum complications were malpresentation (15.1%), placental complications (4.3%), and cord complications (3.6%).
CONCLUSION
This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of PTB in the country, particularly focusing on the vulnerability of extremely preterm babies.
Topics: Humans; Saudi Arabia; Female; Premature Birth; Infant, Newborn; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Incidence; Pregnancy; Gestational Age; Infant, Premature; Infant Mortality; Survival Rate; Birth Weight; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; Apgar Score
PubMed: 38955439
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.7.20240194 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with frozen shoulder (FS) and develop a predictive model for diagnosing FS, in order to facilitate early detection...
This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with frozen shoulder (FS) and develop a predictive model for diagnosing FS, in order to facilitate early detection of the condition. A total of 103 patients diagnosed with FS and admitted to the Department of Joint Surgery at Suining Central Hospital between October 2021 and October 2023 were consecutively included in the study. Additionally, 309 individuals without shoulder joint diseases, matched for age and gender, who visited the department during the same time, were included as the control group.The complete recording of clinical data for all patients was followed by the utilization of statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney U test, sample t test, and chi-square test to compare different groups. Additionally, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS in patients, leading to the establishment of a prediction model and derivation of a simplified equation. The diagnostic effectiveness of individual indicators and prediction models was assessed through the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In the sample of 103 individuals, 35 were identified as male and 68 as female, with an average age range of 40-70 years (mean age: 54.20 ± 6.82 years). The analysis conducted between different groups revealed that individuals with a low body mass index (BMI), in conjunction with other factors such as diabetes, cervical spondylosis, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia, were more susceptible to developing FS. Logistic regression analysis further indicated that low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for the occurrence of FS. These variables were subsequently incorporated into a predictive model, resulting in the creation of a simplified equation.The ROC curve demonstrated that the combined indicators in the predictive model exhibited superior diagnostic efficacy compared to single indicators, as evidenced by an area under the curve of 0.787, sensitivity of 62.1%, and specificity of 82.2%. Low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia are significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS. Moreover, the utilization of a prediction model has demonstrated superior capability in forecasting the likelihood of FS compared to relying solely on individual indicators. This finding holds potential in offering valuable insights for the early diagnosis of FS.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Bursitis; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Aged; Adult; ROC Curve; Body Mass Index; Logistic Models
PubMed: 38956312
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66360-y -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024Obesity poses significant challenges, necessitating comprehensive strategies for effective intervention. Bariatric Surgery (BS) has emerged as a crucial therapeutic...
Obesity poses significant challenges, necessitating comprehensive strategies for effective intervention. Bariatric Surgery (BS) has emerged as a crucial therapeutic approach, demonstrating success in weight loss and comorbidity improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of BS in a cohort of 48 Uruguayan patients and investigate the interplay between BS and clinical and metabolic features, with a specific focus on FSTL1, an emerging biomarker associated with obesity and inflammation. We quantitatively analyzed BS outcomes and constructed linear models to identify variables impacting BS success. The study revealed the effectiveness of BS in improving metabolic and clinical parameters. Importantly, variables correlating with BS success were identified, with higher pre-surgical FSTL1 levels associated with an increased effect of BS on BMI reduction. FSTL1 levels were measured from patient plasma using an ELISA kit pre-surgery and six months after. This research, despite limitations of a small sample size and limited follow-up time, contributes valuable insights into understanding and predicting the success of BS, highlighting the potential role of FSTL1 as a useful biomarker in obesity.
Topics: Humans; Follistatin-Related Proteins; Female; Male; Bariatric Surgery; Adult; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Obesity; Uruguay; Cohort Studies; Weight Loss; Treatment Outcome; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38956222
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65651-8 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024With the increasing prevalence of obesity in India, body mass index (BMI) has garnered importance as a disease predictor. The current World Health Organization (WHO)...
With the increasing prevalence of obesity in India, body mass index (BMI) has garnered importance as a disease predictor. The current World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) cut-offs may not accurately portray these health risks in older adults aged 60 years and above. This study aims to define age-appropriate cut-offs for older adults (60-74 years and 75 years and above) and compare the performance of these cut-offs with the WHO BMI cut-offs using cardio-metabolic conditions as outcomes. Using baseline data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), classification and regression tree (CART) cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain age-appropriate BMI cut-offs based on cardio-metabolic conditions as outcomes. Logistic regression models were estimated to compare the association of the two sets of cut-offs with cardio-metabolic outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were estimated. Agreement with waist circumference, an alternate measure of adiposity, was conducted. For older adults aged 60-74 years and 75 years and above, the cut-off for underweight reduced from < 18.5 to < 17.4 and < 13.3 respectively. The thresholds for overweight and obese increased for older adults aged 60-74 years old from > = 25 to > 28.8 and > = 30 to > 33.7 respectively. For older adults aged 75 years and above, the thresholds decreased for both categories. The largest improvement in AUC was observed in older adults aged 75 years and above. The newly derived cut-offs also demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity among all age-sex stratifications. There is a need to adopt greater rigidity in defining overweight/obesity among older adults aged 75 years and above, as opposed to older adults aged 60-74 years old among whom the thresholds need to be less conservative. Further stratification in the low risk category could also improve BMI classification among older adults. These age-specific thresholds may act as improved alternatives of the current WHO BMI thresholds and improve classification among older adults in India.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Body Mass Index; India; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Malnutrition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity; Age Factors; ROC Curve; Aged, 80 and over; Longitudinal Studies; Overweight; Waist Circumference; Thinness
PubMed: 38956083
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63421-0 -
Scientific Data Jul 2024Zooarchaeologists investigate past interactions between animals, humans, and their environments by analyzing the remains of archaeological fauna. Age-at-death...
Zooarchaeologists investigate past interactions between animals, humans, and their environments by analyzing the remains of archaeological fauna. Age-at-death distributions are fundamental to faunal analysis and are often estimated by comparing exposed dentine patterns to standardized tooth wear stages that have been associated with relative age classes. We present Bubona, an international dataset of dental wear patterns and associated broad age classes in archaeological cattle mandibles. Our open-access dataset of 1460 data entries from nine counties is being used to create tooth-type specific reference tables of probable age class attribution for cattle mandibles lacking complete dentition. Bubona is a valuable resource for the innovation of new systems of age estimation for cattle and it is the creators hope that researchers will continue to both help expand the dataset by contributing their own data, as well as utilize the data to refine and innovate age-at-death estimation methods.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mandible; Tooth Wear; Archaeology; Age Determination by Teeth
PubMed: 38956045
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03377-y -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jul 2024Orofacial clefts are complex congenital anomalies that call for comprehensive treatment based on a thorough assessment of the anatomy. This study aims to examine the...
OBJECTIVES
Orofacial clefts are complex congenital anomalies that call for comprehensive treatment based on a thorough assessment of the anatomy. This study aims to examine the effect of cleft type on craniofacial morphology using geometric morphometrics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We evaluated lateral cephalograms of 75 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate, 63 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, and 76 patients with isolated cleft palate. Generalized Procrustes analysis was performed on 16 hard tissue landmark coordinates. Shape variability was studied with principal component analysis. In a risk model approach, the first nine principal components (PC) were used to examine the effect of cleft type.
RESULTS
We found statistically significant differences in the mean shape between cleft types. The difference is greatest between bilateral cleft lip and palate and isolated cleft palate (distance of means 0.026, P = 0.0011). Differences between cleft types are most pronounced for PC4 and PC5 (P = 0.0001), which together account for 10% of the total shape variation. PC4 and PC5 show shape differences in the ratio of the upper to the lower face, the posterior mandibular height, and the mandibular angle.
CONCLUSIONS
Cleft type has a statistically significant but weak effect on craniofacial morphological variability in patients with non-syndromic orofacial clefts, mainly in the vertical dimension.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Understanding the effects of clefts on craniofacial morphology is essential to providing patients with treatment tailored to their specific needs. This study contributes to the literature particularly due to our risk model approach in lieu of a prediction model.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Palate; Cleft Lip; Male; Cephalometry; Female; Adolescent; Anatomic Landmarks; Child; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 38954126
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05796-y -
Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024The body mass index (BMI) is a commonly employed metric for determining the nutritional status and health risks associated with weight. Tribal women in India face...
The body mass index (BMI) is a commonly employed metric for determining the nutritional status and health risks associated with weight. Tribal women in India face neglect and discrimination in terms of livelihood, nutrition, education, wealth, and health-care access. The study examined 18,697 tribal women from Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Odisha, using data from the National Family Health Survey-5. Multinomial logistic regression has been used to determine how the multiple background factors are associated with the BMI of tribal women. The study found that the prevalence of underweight and overweight was 28.5% and 7.6% among tribal women, respectively. Rural tribal women had a higher likelihood of being underweight, whereas urban women were more likely to be overweight. Odisha had a higher prevalence of underweight tribal women, whereas the prevalence is lower in Bihar. The higher prevalence of underweight among tribal women is alarming and necessitates a reconsideration of health infrastructure in the tribal areas.
Topics: Humans; India; Female; Body Mass Index; Adult; Thinness; Overweight; Young Adult; Prevalence; Socioeconomic Factors; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Health Surveys; Rural Population; Urban Population; Nutritional Status; Health Status Disparities; Sociodemographic Factors
PubMed: 38953825
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_866_23 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024We conducted the study to assess the effect of patient-tailored diet counseling on the nutritional status of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) patients under the...
Effect of Diet Counseling on Nutritional Status of Chronic Respiratory Diseases Patients Enrolled in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in a Teaching Hospital: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.
We conducted the study to assess the effect of patient-tailored diet counseling on the nutritional status of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) patients under the pulmonary rehabilitation program from June 2021-May 2022. These patients completed 2 months of patient-tailored diet counseling sessions under the pulmonary rehabilitation program, which consisted of 4-5 interactive diet counseling sessions fortnightly. The pre- and postassessment was done using standardized outcomes: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), body mass index (BMI), and ideal body weight. The study enrolled 110 CRD patients. There was a statistically significant improvement in pre- and postassessment in MUST score, appetite, and unintentional weight loss (P < 0.001). Most of the patient's BMI normalized. In prenutritional assessment, most of the patients were malnourished and in postassessment, the number of malnourished and anemic patients was reduced. This study concludes that nutritional counseling effectively improves nutritional status and anemia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Nutritional Status; Hospitals, Teaching; Middle Aged; Counseling; Malnutrition; Body Mass Index; Chronic Disease; Aged; Adult; India; Nutrition Assessment; Anemia
PubMed: 38953821
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_45_23 -
PeerJ 2024Overweight and obesity now affect more than a third of the world's population. They are strongly associated with somatic diseases, in particular increasing the risk of...
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity now affect more than a third of the world's population. They are strongly associated with somatic diseases, in particular increasing the risk of many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but also with mental disorders. In particular, there is a strong association between obesity and depression. As a result, more attention is paid to the neurobiological, behavioural, and psychological mechanisms involved in eating. One of these is food addiction (FA). Research comparing lifestyle elements, physical and mental health problems of excess body weight and individuals with FA is limited and has focused on younger people, mainly students. There is also a lack of studies that relate actual metabolic parameters to FA. To better understand the problem of FA also in older adults, it is important to understand the specific relationships between these variables.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 172 adults with overweight and obesity (82% female) aged 23-85 years. The mean age of all subjects was = 59.97 years ( = 11.93), the mean BMI was = 32.05 kg/m ( = 4.84), and the mean body fat was = 39.12% ( = 6.48). The following questionnaires were used: Food Frequency Questionnaire-6 (FFQ-6), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18), Yale Food Addiction Scale 2. 0 (YFAS 2.0), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Body composition, anthropometry, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured.
RESULTS
A total of 22.7% of participants with overweight and obesity had symptoms of depression according to the SDS, and 18.6% met the criteria for FA according to YFAS 2.0. FA was statistically significantly more common among people up to 50 years. BMI, body fat mass, diastolic blood pressure and sedentary behaviour were statistically significantly higher in people with FA symptoms. Those who were sedentary for 301-450 min per day were significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms, and those who were sedentary for more than 450 min per day were significantly more likely to have FA symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings complement the current literature on FA, particularly in older adults and metabolic parameters, and suggest further research directions. Although our cross-sectional study design does not allow causal interpretations, increasing physical activity appears to be particularly important in the management of people with overweight or obesity and FA. This may be even more important than for people with depression alone, but future research is needed to explore these relationships further.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Obesity; Aged; Food Addiction; Overweight; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Health Status; Mental Health; Depression; Surveys and Questionnaires; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38952972
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17639