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Frontiers in Psychology 2024Do adults who stutter have abnormally high social anxiety? Is it related to maladaptive cognition? As these are persistent, unresolved questions in stuttering research,...
Do adults who stutter have abnormally high social anxiety? Is it related to maladaptive cognition? As these are persistent, unresolved questions in stuttering research, it behooves clinicians to at least assess and attempt to identify social anxiety in patients who stutter and its basis before decisions are made about stuttering treatment. The Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering (UTBAS) scale is a self-administered questionnaire that measures the degree of non-adaptive cognition in people who stutter (PWS) due to social anxiety. The 66-item UTBAS is time-consuming to complete, prompting the development of a shorter 6-item version, the UTBAS-6, which is in English. Here, we aimed to assess some psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the UTBAS-6, the UTBAS-6-J, which has not been done to date. In 56 adult patients (mean 32.6 ± 11.1 years) who stutter, we quantified the reliability, the internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of the UTBAS-6-J. Along with the UTBAS-6-J, patients also were administered the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering - Japanese version (OASES-A-J), the Modified Erickson Communication Attitude Scale - Japanese version (S-24-J), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale - Japanese version (LSAS-J). Cronbach's alpha for UTBAS-6-J total scores was 0.974, indicating excellent internal consistency. UTBAS-6-J scores were significantly correlated with scores on the OASES-A-J, the S-24-J, and the LSAS-J (all < 0.005). Concurrent validity of the UTBAS-6-J with these three questionnaires was confirmed. The UTBAS-6-J has good internal consistency and concurrent validity, which will aid clinical decision-making about stuttering treatments.
PubMed: 38919794
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1382673 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by heightened stress and anxiety after experiencing a traumatic event. While numerous studies have been conducted...
BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by heightened stress and anxiety after experiencing a traumatic event. While numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the magnitude and factors associated with PTSD, there is limited evidence available on specific study populations of military personnel.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to determine the magnitude of post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among military personnel admitted to the Eastern Command Referral Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia from May 1 to 30, 2023.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
A cross-sectional study was carried out at an institution. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data using the post-traumatic stress disorder military version checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition. Data were entered and analyzed using EpiData version 3.1 and STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the information. To investigate factors linked with outcome variables, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. The results were presented using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, with statistical significance given at a p-value of 0.05.
RESULTS
This study found that approximately 23.6% (95% CI = 19.9-27.8) of admitted military members fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Participants' history of mental illness [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.73, 95% CI = 2.66-12.31], family history of mental illness (AOR = 10.38, 95% CI = 5.36-20.10), current chewing of khat (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.13-4.32), physical trauma (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.00-4.13), moderate social support (AOR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.1-4.53), strong social support (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02-0.35), and severe depression (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.74-5.71) were factors significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder.
CONCLUSIONS
The magnitude of post-traumatic stress disorder is high among military personnel. Factors such as participants' history of mental illness, family history of mental illness, depression, lack of social support, current use of khat, and physical trauma are significantly associated with PTSD. It is crucial to identify and intervene early in individuals with these risk factors to address PTSD effectively.
PubMed: 38919638
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1373602 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024In sub-Saharan Africa the birth rate among teenage mothers is the highest in the world. In 2021, there would be 6,114,000 births for 15-19-year-olds in this part of the...
BACKGROUND
In sub-Saharan Africa the birth rate among teenage mothers is the highest in the world. In 2021, there would be 6,114,000 births for 15-19-year-olds in this part of the world. In Cameroon, the fertility rate among adolescents aged 15-19 is 24%. However, there is a significant lack of data on the mental health of teenage mothers. Given the biopsychosocial conditions of the perinatal period and adolescence, we hypothesise that the prevalence of mental disorders and the risk of suicide is very high in Cameroon. The aim is therefore to determine the prevalence of perinatal mental disorders and suicide risk among adolescent mothers in urban areas of Cameroon.
METHODS
Following ethical approval of the submitted protocol, we recruited adolescent mothers and data were collected using diagnostic interviews based on the DSM-5, PDM-2 and MINI guidelines. The types of sampling used were typical and incidental. Data were tabulated with Epidata 3.1 and processed with SPSS 25.
RESULTS
66.4% of adolescent mothers were diagnosed with a mental disorder and 27.4% with suicidal risk. It was found that there was a link between mental disorders and suicidal risk (p<0.001), with mothers at suicidal risk having an 8.4 times greater risk of having a mental disorder (OR=8.423). Linear regression confirmed the statistically significant relationship between perinatal mental disorders and suicidal risk. 31.1% of the total variance in suicidal risk was explained by mental disorders. The regression coefficients for mental disorders with a p<0.05 value is: perinatal depression (-0.279), post-partum psychosis (-0.133), trauma disorder (-0.034), generalised anxiety disorder (-0.008) and conduct disorder (-0.020).
CONCLUSIONS
Our hypothesis is confirmed, because the prevalence of 66.4% of mental disorders and 27.4% of suicidal risk are significantly high in Cameroon. In some way, the disorders predict suicidal risk, because the less an adolescent mother has one of these pathologies during the perinatal period, the less she will be at risk of suicide. More research of this kind is needed to contribute in providing more data, including solutions to address the morbidity and mortality problems associated with the mental health of teenage mothers.
PubMed: 38919637
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1306440 -
BMC Neurology Jun 2024People with Parkinson's disease (PD) are very sensitive to the effects of stress. The prevalence of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms is high, and acute stress... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Study protocol for the MIND-PD study: a randomized controlled trial to investigate clinical and biological effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in people with Parkinson's disease.
BACKGROUND
People with Parkinson's disease (PD) are very sensitive to the effects of stress. The prevalence of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms is high, and acute stress worsens motor symptoms. Animal studies suggest that chronic stress may accelerate disease progression, but evidence for this in humans is lacking. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) train participants to focus on the present moment, on purpose and without judgement. Previous studies suggest that MBIs may alleviate stress and reduce depression and anxiety in PD. We aim to demonstrate the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as a non-pharmacologic treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric (and motor) symptoms in PD, and to identify the mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD.
METHODS
In a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), we investigate whether 8 weeks of MBCT, as compared to care as usual, can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with PD. We aim to include 124 PD patients, who experience mild-moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression, are eligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and naïve to mindfulness, and who have a disease duration ≤ 10 years. Every participant is followed for 12 months. Clinical and biochemical assessments take place at baseline (T0), after 2 months (T1), and after 12 months (T2); MRI assessments take place at T0 and T2. Our primary outcome is the total score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at T1, while correcting for the HADS score at T0, age, and gender. Beyond testing the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, we explore whether MBCT: (1) has an effect on motor symptom severity, (2) influences cerebral and biochemical markers of stress, and (3) leads to a change in biomarkers of PD progression.
DISCUSSION
MIND-PD is one of the first RCTs with a 1-year follow-up to investigate the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, and to explore possible mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD. Insight into these mechanisms can pave the way to new treatment methods in the future.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05779137. Registered on 12 January 2023.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Parkinson Disease; Depression; Anxiety; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Male; Female; Stress, Psychological; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Aged; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38918695
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03736-7 -
Nature Human Behaviour Jun 2024We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. We used population-based cohorts from the Korean...
We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. We used population-based cohorts from the Korean nationwide cohort (discovery; n = 10,027,506) and the Japanese claims-based cohort (validation; n = 12,218,680) to estimate the short-term (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days) risks of neuropsychiatric outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with general population groups or external comparators (people with another respiratory infection). Using exposure-driven propensity score matching, we found that both the short- and long-term risks of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae were elevated in the discovery cohort compared with the general population and those with another respiratory infection. A range of conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome, cognitive deficit, insomnia, anxiety disorder, encephalitis, ischaemic stroke and mood disorder exhibited a pronounced increase in long-term risk. Factors such as mild severity of COVID-19, increased vaccination against COVID-19 and heterologous vaccination were associated with reduced long-term risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. The time attenuation effect was the strongest during the first six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this risk remained statistically significant for up to one year in Korea but beyond one year in Japan. The associations observed were replicated in the validation cohort. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence base on long COVID by considering ethnic diversity.
PubMed: 38918517
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01895-8 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024Rumination is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. It has been associated with several psychological disorders and physical problems. This cross-sectional study...
OBJECTIVES
Rumination is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. It has been associated with several psychological disorders and physical problems. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether cognitive rumination is associated with periodontal disease (PD), tooth loss (TL), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A population-based sample from a rural area in southern Brazil was evaluated. Calibrated examiners carried out a complete periodontal examination at six sites-per-tooth. Rumination and Reflection (RRQ) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaires were administered. Regression modeling was used to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) between rumination and PD and to estimate the rate ratio (RR) between rumination and TL and rumination and OHIP.
RESULTS
Severe periodontitis prevalence of 33% was observed in the sample. In the Poisson-adjusted model (n = 587), individuals who ruminate more have 27% more periodontal disease (PR: 1.27, 95%CI:1.02 - 1.60). Regarding TL and OHIP, negative binomial regression (n = 672) showed an association with rumination, but it was not significant (RR 1.14, 95%CI 0.99 - 1.31) and (RR 1.20, 95%CI 0.98 - 1.48), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive rumination was independently associated with periodontal disease in individuals living in a rural area. Borderline non-significant estimates were observed regarding TL and OHRQoL. More research using different populations and focusing on individual's responses to psychological stress may confirm these results.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Emotional regulation is crucial to deal with stress, anxiety, and depression. Since psychopathologies are among the most prevalent diseases in the world, it is critical to understand the role of these issues in dental outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Female; Male; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tooth Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Prevalence; Rumination, Cognitive; Oral Health; Aged
PubMed: 38918232
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05779-z -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Jun 2024Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGlu8) is a heterogeneously expressed and poorly understood glutamate receptor with potential pharmacological significance. The...
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGlu8) is a heterogeneously expressed and poorly understood glutamate receptor with potential pharmacological significance. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a critical inhibitory modulator of the thalamocortical-corticothalamic (TC-CT) network and plays a crucial role in information processing throughout the brain, is implicated in a variety of psychiatric conditions, and is also a site of significant mGlu8 expression. Using both male and female mice, we determined via fluorescent hybridization that parvalbumin-expressing cells in the TRN core and shell matrices (identified by and expression, respectively) as well as the cortical layers involved in corticothalamic signaling, express mRNA. We then assayed the physiological and behavioral impacts of perturbing signaling in the TC circuit through conditional (AAV-CRE mediated) and cell type-specific constitutive deletion strategies. We show that constitutive parvalbumin knockout (PV KO) mice exhibited 1) increased spontaneous excitatory drive onto dorsal thalamus relay cells and 2) impaired sensorimotor gating, measured via paired-pulse inhibition, but observed no differences in locomotion and thigmotaxis in repeated bouts of open field testing. Conversely, we observed hyperlocomotive phenotypes and anxiolytic effects of AAV-mediated conditional knockdown of in the TRN (TRN KD) in repeated open field testing. Our findings underscore a role for mGlu8 in regulating excitatory neurotransmission as well as anxiety-related locomotor behavior and sensorimotor gating, revealing potential therapeutic applications for various neuropsychiatric disorders and guiding future research endeavors into mGlu8 signaling and TRN function. Group III mGlu receptors and the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus (TRN) are critical modulators of reciprocal cortico-thalamic neurotransmission and are implicated in anxiety and locomotor behaviors. The present study demonstrates a specific enrichment of mRNA within the TRN and thalamus-projecting cortical layers and characterizes the role of mGlu8 receptors in controlling spontaneous excitatory neurotransmission onto cells located within the dorsal thalamus and regulating sensorimotor behaviors from open field and PPI testing. These findings add to growing bodies of literature regarding both TRN and regulation of thalamocortical activity and related behaviors implicated in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
PubMed: 38918065
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0119-24.2024 -
Pharmacopsychiatry Jun 2024Little is known about the interplay between genetics and epigenetics on antidepressant treatment (1) response and remission, (2) side effects, and (3) serum levels. This...
INTRODUCTION
Little is known about the interplay between genetics and epigenetics on antidepressant treatment (1) response and remission, (2) side effects, and (3) serum levels. This study explored the relationship among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA methylation (DNAm), and mRNA levels of four pharmacokinetic genes, , , , and , and its effect on these outcomes.
METHODS
The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression-1 dataset consisted of 177 individuals with major depressive disorder treated for 8 weeks with escitalopram (ESC) followed by 8 weeks with ESC monotherapy or augmentation with aripiprazole. DNAm quantitative trait loci (mQTL), identified by SNP-CpG associations between 20 SNPs and 60 CpG sites in whole blood, were tested for associations with our outcomes, followed by causal inference tests (CITs) to identify methylation-mediated genetic effects.
RESULTS
Eleven SNP-CpG pairs (q<0.05) constituting four unique SNPs were identified. Although no significant associations were observed between mQTLs and response/remission, rs4244285 was associated with treatment-related weight gain (=0.027) and serum concentrations of ESC (<0.001). Between weeks 2-4, 6.7% and 14.9% of those with *1/*1 (normal metabolizers) and *1/*2 (intermediate metabolizers) genotypes, respectively, reported ≥2 lbs of weight gain. In contrast, the *2/*2 genotype (poor metabolizers) did not report weight gain during this period and demonstrated the highest ESC concentrations. CITs did not indicate that these effects were epigenetically mediated.
DISCUSSION
These results elucidate functional mechanisms underlying the established associations between rs4244285 and ESC pharmacokinetics. This mQTL SNP as a marker for antidepressant-related weight gain needs to be further explored.
PubMed: 38917846
DOI: 10.1055/a-2313-9979 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jun 2024Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been divided into two subgroups autogenous and reactive types, based on obsessive symptoms. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been divided into two subgroups autogenous and reactive types, based on obsessive symptoms. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis study compares sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Investigation of the differences between the two groups in terms of these basic characteristics may provide information about the accuracy of this classification. This is the first meta-analysis to examine gender, age at onset and some clinical differences between patients with autogenous and reactive OCD. Electronic bibliographic databases of Scopus and PubMed were searched up to March 2024. Random effect models were conducted for this meta-analysis. The analysis was carried out using the standardized mean difference as the outcome measure. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg and Eggers funnel plot, and fail-safe N calculation using the Rosenthal approach. The current meta-analysis summarizes the data from primary studies comparing the gender rates, age at onset of OCD, severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms between autogenous and reactive types of OCD. The results of this study showed that the rate of male gender was higher in the autogenous type OCD. In addition, increased severity of anxiety, and depression were associated with autogenous type OCD. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Age of OCD onset findings were insignificant, but excluding an outlier study suggested earlier onset in autogenous type OCD. These results support the distinction between autogenous and reactive type OCD.
PubMed: 38917724
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.019 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jun 2024Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues. However, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of these psychological comorbidities in affected individuals is lacking. This study aims to identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation in people with ASDs.
METHOD
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted from 1993 to May 2024. Observational studies reporting prevalence data for anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation among people with ASDs were included in the analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies.
RESULTS
The study included 114 studies from 37 countries including 823,975 participants. The estimated pooled prevalence of anxiety in patients with ASDs was 33.3% (95% CI: 27.3-29.3%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression was 33.7% (95% CI: 29.2-38.1%). The estimated pooled prevalence of sleeping problems was 45.0% (95% CI:31.6-58.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and suicidal ideation was 30.8% (95% CI:15.0-46.7%) and 21.6% (95% CI:13.4-29.8%), respectively. The most common mental disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems at 55.9% (95% CI: 35.6-76.1%, I = 97%) and 39.0% (95% CI: 21.1-56.9%, I = 99%).
CONCLUSION
Among patients with ASDs, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation were common. The most prevalent mental disorder among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems. Those with ASDs may experience considerable psychological burdens, and integrated mental health support is necessary for their treatment.
PubMed: 38917722
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.024