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Frontiers in Fungal Biology 2024Ectomycorrhizal fungi and non-ectomycorrhizal fungi are responsive to changes in environmental and nutrient availabilities. Although many species of ectomycorrhizas are...
Ectomycorrhizal fungi and non-ectomycorrhizal fungi are responsive to changes in environmental and nutrient availabilities. Although many species of ectomycorrhizas are known to enhance the uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients for , it is not understood how to optimize these communities to have tangible effects on plantation silviculture and P use efficiency. The first step of this process is the identification of native fungi present in the system that are associated with and influence P uptake efficiency. We used sand-filled mesh bags baited with finely ground apatite to sample ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of P-responsive under several field conditions. Mesh bags were assessed for biomass accumulation over three years using a single three-month burial period pre-harvest and three six-month burial periods post-planting. Amplicon sequencing assessed ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal communities between phosphorus treatments, sites, mesh bags, and the rhizosphere of actively growing in the field. We found biomass accumulation within the mesh bags was inversely related to increasing phosphorus fertilization (carryover) rates from pre-harvest to post-planting. Up to 25% increases in total biomass within the bags were observed for bags baited with P. Taxonomic richness was highest in Alfisol soils treated with phosphorus from the previous rotation and lowest in the Spodosol regardless of phosphorus treatment.
PubMed: 38863761
DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1401427 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024Hydroxyapatite (HAp) stands as an inorganic compound, recognized as a non-toxic, bioactive ceramic, and its composition closely resembles that of bone material. In this...
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) stands as an inorganic compound, recognized as a non-toxic, bioactive ceramic, and its composition closely resembles that of bone material. In this study, nHAp was prepared from waste oyster shells, which are biowaste rich in calcium carbonate. nHAp with its unique catalytic property can be used as an adsorbent in various fields, including wastewater treatment. nHAp with an exceptional surface adsorbent with excellent chemical stability, enabling its catalytic function. Nano hydroxyapatite doped with Zinc oxide (ZnO) by wet chemical precipitation and made into a composite with Graphene oxide (GO) by modified hummers method followed by grinding, which was taken as 9:1 ratio (nHAp/ZnO and GO) of weight, enhances its tensile and mechanical strength. The energy band gap of nHAp photocatalyst was evaluated as 3.39 eV and that of the in nHAp/ZnO/GO photocatalyst was narrowed to 1.77 eV. The ternary nanocomposites are very efficient in generating the photogenerated electrons and holes, thereby improving the degradation potential of dye effluents to by-products such as CO and HO. The nanocomposites photocatalyst were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, DRS, and BET techniques. The UV-visible study shows the complete dye degradation efficiency of the prepared nanocomposites photocatalyst. In this study, the prepared nanocomposites nHAp/ZnO/GO have studied their efficiency for the removal of MB dye in a batch process by varying the dosage from 0.1 to 0.5 g, and the effects of dosage variations, pH, kinetic, scavenger study were evaluated at a time interval of 30 min. The removal of dye was found to be 99% at 150 min of 0.3 g dosage and pH = 12 is most favorable as it reached the same percentage at 90 min. The as-prepared nanocomposite nHAp/ZnO/GO fits the kinetic rate constant equation and shows a pseudo-first-order reaction model. This study indicates the suitability for dye removal due to the synergistic effect and electrostatic interaction of the synthesized ternary nanocomposite, which shows the potential, socially active, low-cost-effective, eco-friendly, and safe for photocatalytic degradation of MB from wastewater.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Animals; Durapatite; Methylene Blue; Catalysis; Ostreidae; Graphite; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Nanocomposites; Adsorption; Animal Shells
PubMed: 38858286
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33894-7 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jun 2024Injectable fillers, pivotal in aesthetic medicine, have evolved significantly with recent trends favoring biostimulators like calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA-CMC;... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Injectable fillers, pivotal in aesthetic medicine, have evolved significantly with recent trends favoring biostimulators like calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA-CMC; Radiesse, Merz Aesthetics, Raleigh, NC) and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA; Sculptra Aesthetics, Galderma, Dallas, TX). This study aims to compare the particle morphology of these two injectables and examine its potential clinical implications. Utilizing advanced light and scanning electron microscopy techniques, the physical characteristics of CaHA-CMC and PLLA particles were analyzed, including shape, size, circularity, roundness, aspect ratio, and quantity of phagocytosable particles. The findings reveal several morphological contrasts: CaHA-CMC particles exhibited a smooth, homogenous, spherical morphology with diameters predominantly ranging between 20 and 45 µm, while PLLA particles varied considerably in shape and size, appearing as micro flakes ranging from 2 to 150 µm in major axis length. The circularity and roundness of CaHA-CMC particles were significantly higher compared to PLLA, indicating a more uniform shape. Aspect ratio analysis further underscored these differences, with CaHA-CMC particles showing a closer resemblance to circles, unlike the more oblong PLLA particles. Quantification of the phagocytosable content of both injectables revealed a higher percentage of phagocytosable particles in PLLA. These morphological distinctions may influence the tissue response to each treatment. CaHA-CMC's uniform, spherical particles may result in reduced inflammatory cell recruitment, whereas PLLA's heterogeneous particle morphology may evoke a more pronounced inflammatory response.
Topics: Durapatite; Polyesters; Dermal Fillers; Humans; Cosmetic Techniques; Particle Size; Biocompatible Materials; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 38853456
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13764 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024Masquelet membrane induction technology is one of the treatment strategies for large bone defect (LBD). However, the angiogenesis ability of induced membrane decreases...
BACKGROUND
Masquelet membrane induction technology is one of the treatment strategies for large bone defect (LBD). However, the angiogenesis ability of induced membrane decreases with time and autologous bone grafting is associated with donor site morbidity. This study investigates if the PRP-FG-nHA/PA66 scaffold can be used as a spacer instead of PMMA to improve the angiogenesis ability of induced membrane and reduce the amount of autologous bone graft.
METHODS
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was prepared and PRP-FG-nHA/PA66 scaffold was synthesized and observed. The sustained release of VEGFA and porosity of the scaffold were analyzed. We established a femur LBD model in male SD rats. 55 rats were randomly divided into four groups depending on the spacer filled in the defect area. "Defect only" group (n = 10), "PMMA" group (n = 15), "PRP-nHA/PA66" group (n = 15) and "PRP-FG-nHA/PA66" group (n = 15 ). At 6 weeks, the spacers were removed and the defects were grafted. The induced membrane and bone were collected and stained. The bone formation was detected by micro-CT and the callus union was scored on a three point system.
RESULTS
The PRP-FG-nHA/PA66 scaffold was porosity and could maintain a high concentration of VEGFA after 30 days of preparation. The induced membrane in PRP-FG-nHA/PA66 group was thinner than PMMA, but the vessel density was higher.The weight of autogenous bone grafted in PRP-FG-nHA/PA66 group was significantly smaller than that of PMMA group. In PRP-FG-nHA/PA66 group, the bone defect was morphologically repaired.
CONCLUSION
The study showed that PRP-FG-nHA/PA66 scaffold can significantly reduce the amount of autologous bone graft, and can achieve similar bone defect repair effect as PMMA. Our findings provide some reference and theoretical support for the treatment of large segmental bone defects in humans.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Tissue Scaffolds; Rats; Femur; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Bone Regeneration; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Bone Transplantation; Durapatite; Disease Models, Animal; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 38851675
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07567-y -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jun 2024Simultaneously modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and promoting local bone regeneration is one of the main challenges in treating bone defects. In recent...
Simultaneously modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and promoting local bone regeneration is one of the main challenges in treating bone defects. In recent years, osteoimmunology has revealed that the immune system plays an essential regulatory role in bone regeneration and that macrophages are critical components. In this work, a mussel-inspired immunomodulatory and osteoinductive dual-functional hydroxyapatite nano platform (Gold/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites functionalized with polydopamine - PDA@Au-HA) is developed to accelerate bone tissues regeneration by regulating the immune microenvironment. PDA coating endows nanomaterials with the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-inflammatory properties, and it also exhibits an immunomodulatory ability to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization and activate M2 macrophage secretion of osteogenesis-related cytokines. Most importantly, this nano platform promotes the polarization of M2 macrophages and regulates the crosstalk between macrophages and pre-osteoblast cells to achieve bone regeneration. Au-HA can synergistically promote vascularized bone regeneration through sustained release of Ca and P particles and gold nanoparticles (NPs). This nano platform has a synergistic effect of good compatibility, scavenging of ROS, and anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capability to accelerate the bone repair process. Thus, our research offers a possible therapeutic approach by exploring PDA@Au-HA nanocomposites as a bifunctional platform for tissue regeneration.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Durapatite; Animals; Mice; Gold; Bivalvia; RAW 264.7 Cells; Macrophages; Indoles; Osteogenesis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Polymers; Nanocomposites; Metal Nanoparticles; Osteoblasts; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Immunologic Factors; Cytokines
PubMed: 38849820
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02593-3 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Jun 2024Typically occurring after trauma or neurosurgery treatments, dura mater defect and the ensuing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage could lead to a number of serious...
Typically occurring after trauma or neurosurgery treatments, dura mater defect and the ensuing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage could lead to a number of serious complications and even patient's death. Although numerous natural and synthetic dura mater substitutes have been reported, none of them have been able to fulfill the essential properties, such as anti-adhesion, leakage blockage, and pro-dura rebuilding. In this study, we devised and prepared a series of robust and biodegradable hydroxyapatite/poly(lactide--ε-caprolactone) (HA/PLCL) membranes for dura repair an electrospinning technique. In particular, PLLA/PCL (80/20) was selected for electrospinning due to its mechanical properties that most closely resembled natural dural tissue. Studies by SEM, XRD, water contact angle and degradation showed that the introduction of HA would destroy PLCL's crystalline structure, which would further affect the mechanical properties of the HA/PLCL membranes. When the amount of HA added increased, so did the wettability and degradation rate, which accelerated the release of HA. In addition, the high biocompatibility of HA/PLCL membranes was demonstrated by cytotoxicity data. The rabbit dura repair model results showed that HA/PLCL membranes provided a strong physical barrier to stop tissue adhesion at dura defects. Meanwhile, the HA/PLCL and commercial group's CSF had a significantly lower number of inflammatory cells than the control groups, validating the HA/PLCL's ability to effectively lower the risk of intracranial infection. Findings from H&E and Masson-trichrome staining verified that the HA/PLCL electrospun membrane was more favorable for fostering dural defect repair and skull regeneration. Moreover, the relative molecular weight of PLCL declined dramatically after 3 months of implantation, according to the results of the degradation test, but it retained the fiber network structure and promoted tissue growth, demonstrating the good stability of the HA/PLCL membranes. Collectively, the HA/PLCL electrospun membrane presents itself as a viable option for dura repair.
Topics: Dura Mater; Polyesters; Animals; Durapatite; Biocompatible Materials; Rabbits; Membranes, Artificial; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38841904
DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00863d -
International Journal of Implant... Jun 2024This study evaluated the implant stability, volumetric changes, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of hydroxyapatite (HA) nano-coated sandblasted/acid-etched... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A randomized controlled trial of immediate implant placement comparing hydroxyapatite nano-coated and uncoated sandblasted/acid-etched implants using a digital surgical guide.
PURPOSE
This study evaluated the implant stability, volumetric changes, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of hydroxyapatite (HA) nano-coated sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) implants compared to uncoated SLA implants.
METHODS
Forty patients were recruited and randomly allocated to HA nano-coated SLA group (test, n = 20) and uncoated SLA group (control, n = 20) using single-blinded/block randomization. Implants were immediately placed in maxillary posterior region using a digital surgical guide. Insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured at implant surgery and 1, 2, 3, and 4 months postoperatively. Intraoral scans, PROMs and soft tissue inflammation data were collected, and multivariable linear regression analysis of ISQ was performed.
RESULTS
In total, 48 implants (test; n = 24, control; n = 24) in 37 patients (test; n = 19, control; n = 18) were analyzed. Despite no significant between-group difference at surgery, the test group showed higher ISQ values than the control group at 2 (76.53 ± 4.17 vs. 71.32 ± 4.79, p < 0.01), 3 (77.45 ± 4.41 vs. 73.85 ± 4.69, p < 0.05), and 4 months (79.08 ± 2.96 vs. 73.43 ± 3.52, p < 0.0001) postoperatively. There were no significant differences in linear and volumetric changes, PROMs, and soft tissue inflammation analysis between two groups. The ISQ at implant surgery was influenced by age and diabetes mellitus (DM) at the implant level and DM and predicted total bone-to-implant contact area at the patient level.
CONCLUSION
HA nano-coated SLA implants promoted favorable immediate implants stability during early osseointegration phase compared to uncoated SLA implants, but displayed similar dimensional changes, PROMs, and soft tissue inflammation outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT0006364. Registered 21 July 2021, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=24221&search_page=L .
Topics: Humans; Durapatite; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Single-Blind Method; Dental Implants; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Adult; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Acid Etching, Dental; Aged; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Osseointegration; Surface Properties
PubMed: 38839621
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-024-00549-8 -
The Journal of Oral Implantology Jun 2024After dental extraction, a physiological phenomenon of reabsorption of the dentoalveolar process is triggered, especially if periradicular lesions are present, which can...
After dental extraction, a physiological phenomenon of reabsorption of the dentoalveolar process is triggered, especially if periradicular lesions are present, which can sometimes be associated with oroantral communication in the upper posterior maxilla. To investigate a minimally invasive approach, 19 patients undergoing tooth extraction in the posterosuperior maxilla were recruited. All cases presented an oroantral communication with a diameter of 2-5 mm after tooth extraction and the alveolar process and, in some cases, with a partial defect of 1 or more bony walls. In these cases, a single surgical procedure was used to preserve the alveolar ridge using an open barrier technique with an exposed dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. The bottom of the extraction socket was filled with a collagen fleece. The residual bone process was reconstructed using a biomaterial based on carbonate-apatite derived from porcine cancellous bone. After 6 months, all patients were recalled and subjected to radiographic control associated with an implant-prosthetic rehabilitation plan. Data relating to the sinus health status and the average height and thickness of the regenerated bone were collected. Radiographic evaluation verified the integrity of the maxillary sinus floor with new bone formation, detecting a vertical bone dimension between 3.1 mm and 7.4 mm (average 5.13 ± 1.15 mm) and a horizontal thickness between 4.2 mm and 9.6 mm (average 6.86 ± 1.55 mm). The goal of this study was to highlight the advantage of managing an oroantral communication and, simultaneously, obtain the preservation and regeneration of the alveolar bone crest. The open barrier technique appears to be effective for the minimally invasive management of oroantral communication up to 5 mm in diameter in postextraction sites, with a good regeneration of hard and soft tissue.
Topics: Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Extraction; Oroantral Fistula; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Middle Aged; Male; Female; Alveolar Process; Tooth Socket; Aged; Adult; Maxilla; Bone Regeneration; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Collagen
PubMed: 38839071
DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-24-00021 -
Acta Biomaterialia Jun 2024Bone is a composite material principally made up of a mineral phase (apatite) and collagen fibrils. The mineral component of bone occurs in the form of polycrystalline...
Bone is a composite material principally made up of a mineral phase (apatite) and collagen fibrils. The mineral component of bone occurs in the form of polycrystalline platelets 2-6 nm in thickness. These platelets are packed and probably glued together in stacks of two or more, ranging up to >30 platelets. Here we show that most of these stacks are curved flat sheets whose cylindrical axes are oriented parallel to the long axes of collagen fibrils. Consequently, the curvature of the platelets is not detectable in TEM sections cut parallel to the collagen fibril axes. The radius of curvature around these axes ranges from about 25 nm (the average radius of the collagen fibrils) to 100's of nm. The shapes of these curved forms contribute to the compressive strength of bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone, the material of which bones are made, is mainly composed of a protein, collagen, and the mineral apatite (calcium phosphate). The crystals have long been known to be flat plates about 5 nanometers (nm) thick. Here we show that the crystals are bound together in curved platelets with a radius of curvature between 25 and several hundred nm, which weave between fibrils of collagen. Some platelets wrap tightly around fibrils. The platelets form stacks of from two to up to 30. The crystals in the platelets are all oriented parallel to the cylindrical fibrils even though most crystals are not in contact with collagen. These curved structures provide greater strength to bone.
PubMed: 38838906
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.047 -
PloS One 2024The Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula is a period of special interest for studying the relationship of climate change with historical and socioeconomic processes....
The Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula is a period of special interest for studying the relationship of climate change with historical and socioeconomic processes. Between the 8th and 15th centuries AD, the Peninsula was characterized not only by complex political, cultural, and social transitions but also by major variations in the climate. The objective of this study was to examine differences in diet and mobility between distinct populations of the Peninsula and explore the possible relationship of diet, mobility, and culture with environmental variables and geographical settings. For this purpose, we obtained stable isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen (δ13C and δ18O) from the enamel apatite of first upper incisors from 145 individuals at eight archeological sites that represent both Christian and Islamic communities and both rural and urban social settings. Results revealed a dietary difference between Christian and Islamic populations, observing a greater contribution of C4 plants, possibly sorghum, in the diet of the latter, especially in a rural setting. The disparity in oxygen isotopic ratios between populations from the North and South of the Peninsula is consistent with modern climatic differences between these regions. In this line, intraregional variability in oxygen isotopic ratios may hint at diachronic occupation phases under varying climatic conditions. The few isotopic outliers in our sample suggest overall low mobility levels.
Topics: Humans; Oxygen Isotopes; Carbon Isotopes; History, Medieval; Diet; Spain; Dental Enamel; Archaeology; Climate Change
PubMed: 38838003
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304313