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New Microbes and New Infections May 2021Strain Marseille-P3248 is a new species from the order that was isolated from the urine sample of a girl aged 20 months with rotavirus gastroenteritis. It is a...
Strain Marseille-P3248 is a new species from the order that was isolated from the urine sample of a girl aged 20 months with rotavirus gastroenteritis. It is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium. Strain Marseille-P3248 exhibits 94.73% sequence similarity with strain M430/94/2, a phylogenetically related species with standing in nomenclature. Its genome size is 1 667 964 bp with 49.1% G + C content. Strain Marseille-P3248 (= CSURP3248) is the type strain of the new species sp. nov.
PubMed: 33854785
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100854 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2021Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a common opportunistic pathogen of many livestock and play an important regulation role during multibacterial infection and...
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a common opportunistic pathogen of many livestock and play an important regulation role during multibacterial infection and interaction with the host by its primary virulence factor pyolysin (PLO). The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation role of PLO which serve as a combinational pathogen with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during endometritis. In this study, the expression of bioactive recombinant PLO (rPLO) in a prokaryotic expression system and its purification are described. Moreover, we observed that rPLO inhibited the innate immune response triggered by LPS and that methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) abrogated this inhibitory effect in goat endometrium stromal cells (gESCs). Additionally, we show from pharmacological and genetic studies that rPLO-induced autophagy represses gene expression by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, this study reported that ATF6 serves as a primary regulator of the cellular inflammatory reaction to rPLO. Overall, these observations suggest that T. pyogenes PLO could create an immunosuppressive environment for other pathogens invasion by regulating cellular signaling pathways.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Activating Transcription Factor 6; Animals; Autophagy; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Endometrium; Female; Goats; Hemolysin Proteins; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Lipopolysaccharides; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Recombinant Proteins; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 33454924
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00422-5 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2021Vitexin of Ficus deltoidea exhibits intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and blood glucose lowering effects. This study designs oral intestinal-specific alginate...
Vitexin of Ficus deltoidea exhibits intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and blood glucose lowering effects. This study designs oral intestinal-specific alginate nanoparticulate system of vitexin. Nanospray-dried alginate, alginate/stearic acid and alginate-C18 conjugate nanoparticles were prepared. Stearic acid was adopted to hydrophobize the matrix and minimize premature vitexin release in stomach, whereas C-18 conjugate as immobilized fatty acid to sustain hydrophobic effect and drug release. Nanoparticles were compacted with polyethylene glycol (PEG 3000, 10,000 and 20,000). The physicochemical, drug release, in vivo blood glucose lowering and intestinal vitexin content of nanoparticles and compact were determined. Hydrophobization of alginate nanoparticles promoted premature vitexin release. Compaction of nanoparticles with PEG minimized vitexin release in the stomach, with stearic acid loaded nanoparticles exhibiting a higher vitexin release in the intestine. The introduction of stearic acid reduced vitexin-alginate interaction, conferred alginate-stearic acid mismatch, and dispersive stearic acid-induced particle breakdown with intestinal vitexin release. Use of PEG 10,000 in compaction brought about PEG-nanoparticles interaction that negated initial vitexin release. The PEG dissolution in intestinal phase subsequently enabled particle breakdown and vitexin release. The PEG compacted nanoparticles exhibited oral intestinal-specific vitexin release, with positive blood glucose lowering and enhanced intestinal vitexin content in vivo.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alginates; Animals; Apigenin; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Ficus; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Hemolysin Proteins; Hydrogen Bonding; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stearic Acids; Streptozocin; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 33357875
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117312 -
IDCases 2021is an extremely rare cause of cerebral abscess. We present a unique case of sinusitis complicated by preseptal cellulitis and cerebral abscess. The patient initially...
is an extremely rare cause of cerebral abscess. We present a unique case of sinusitis complicated by preseptal cellulitis and cerebral abscess. The patient initially presented with pharyngitis and then developed sinus congestion, headache and facial pain. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right gyrus rectus cerebral abscess and paranasal sinus infection. The patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and cultures revealed . Repeat imaging revealed maturation and progression of intracranial abscess. The abscess was drained and patient was treated with parenteral and oral antibiotics until complete clinical and radiological remission. This case highlights the importance of recognizing as a cause of invasive disease in immunocompetent hosts.
PubMed: 33304814
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01014 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Dec 2020The disease Fur Animal Necrotizing Pyoderma (FNP) has since 2000 been reported in many fur producing countries including Canada, Finland and Denmark. Development of FNP...
BACKGROUND
The disease Fur Animal Necrotizing Pyoderma (FNP) has since 2000 been reported in many fur producing countries including Canada, Finland and Denmark. Development of FNP is characterised by rapidly forming treatment-resistant wounds on paws and in the head region. Economic losses related to FNP have been associated with mortality and decreased fur quality as well as increased veterinary costs. Also it has been suggested that FNP may be associated with reduced production results for breeding mink. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is an association between FNP lesions in breeding animals and reduced production results based on a retrospective cohort study.
RESULTS
1465 breeding animals (244 males and 1221 females) were followed during the breeding season 2019 on five Danish mink farms. Two farms were removed from the analysis since no occurrence of FNP appeared in the observation group. After exclusion, 846 breeding animals (148 males and 698 females) remained in the analysis and were divided into two groups: exposed (EXP) or non-exposed (N-EXP) depending on the disease history of the males during mating. Females exposed to FNP positive males during breeding in average produce 14% fewer kits (P = 0.032) and these females were also more than double as likely to produce small litters (N ≥ 3) than N-EXP females. Female's from the EXP group were introduced more times to males than females in the N-EXP group (P = 0.0001, 2.5 more times in average). Females in the EXP group did not have a statistically higher risk of becoming barren (P = 0.138) though the relative risk of becoming barren was 77% higher after encountering a FNP male.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that FNP has more economic losses for the farms than direct loss of animals. Females in contact with males with FNP lesion during breeding have a higher risk of becoming barren, and produce significantly fewer kits compared to females whom haven't been in contact with a FNP positive male.
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Breeding; Female; Infertility; Male; Mink; Pyoderma
PubMed: 33272327
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00564-w -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2020Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dominate human vaginal microbiota and inhibit pathogen proliferation. In other mammals, LAB do not dominate vaginal microbiota, however shifts...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dominate human vaginal microbiota and inhibit pathogen proliferation. In other mammals, LAB do not dominate vaginal microbiota, however shifts of dominant microorganisms occur during ovarian cycle. The study objectives were to characterize equine vaginal microbiota in mares by culture-dependent and independent methods and to describe its variation in estrus and diestrus. Vaginal swabs from 8 healthy adult Arabian mares were obtained in estrus and diestrus. For culture-dependent processing, bacteria were isolated on Columbia blood agar (BA) and Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar. LAB comprised only 2% of total bacterial isolates and were not related to ovarian phases. For culture-independent processing, V3/V4 variable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were amplified and sequenced using Illumina Miseq. The diversity and composition of the vaginal microbiota did not change during the estrous cycle. Core equine vaginal microbiome consisted of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at the phylum level. At the genus level it was defined by , uncultured and . comprised only 0.18% of the taxonomic composition in estrus and 0.37% in diestrus. No differences in the relative abundance of the most abundant phylum or genera were observed between estrus and diestrus samples.
PubMed: 33153053
DOI: 10.3390/ani10112020 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Dec 2020We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The...
We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The patient's blood pressure was low, with good blood perfusion and no jaundice, and her abdomen was soft and tender in the right hypochondriac and lateral region, with no guarding. Laboratory tests showed: blood glucose level of 201 mg/dl, 362 U/l AST, 237 U/l ALT, 2.5 mg/dl bilirubin, 237 U/l alkaline phosphatase and leukocytosis associated with a left shift. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed a collection of echogenic material and a shadow suggestive of air in hepatic segment 3. Meropenem and metronidazole treatment was started after taking blood cultures, which were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a liver abscess in segment 3, containing a high-density linear image.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Arcanobacterium; Female; Humans; Liver Abscess; Metronidazole; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33054279
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.7029/2020 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Sep 2020spp. are Gram-positive bacteria which can be found in a wide range of hosts and can be associated with disease in humans and animals. Here, we announce the complete...
spp. are Gram-positive bacteria which can be found in a wide range of hosts and can be associated with disease in humans and animals. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of sp. strain 2701, isolated from a harbor seal from the North Sea.
PubMed: 32943560
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00652-20 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2020A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on an unidentified -like Gram-stain-positive bacterium designated strain C605018/01/1 isolated from a milk sample collected...
A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on an unidentified -like Gram-stain-positive bacterium designated strain C605018/01/1 isolated from a milk sample collected from the udder of a cow at . Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the bacterium belonged to the genus and was most closely related to the type strain of (99.76 %); sequence similarities to all other species were below 97 %. The wet-lab DNA-DNA hybridization values among strain C605018/01/1 and DSM 13483ᵀ were low, 16.9 % (reciprocal, 49.8 %). Pertaining to the whole genome sequence with a total length of 2.02 Mb and 1654 protein counts, the novel strain C605018/01/01 displayed a G+C content of 51.6 % mol%. The presence of the major menaquinone MK-9(H) supported the affiliation of this strain to the genus . The polar lipid profile consisted of the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside and unidentified glycolipid and aminophospholipids. Based on these results it is proposed that strain C605018/01/1 should be classified as representing a novel species, sp. nov. The type strain C605018/01/1 (CCUG 45425=DSM 107286=BCCM/LMG 30783).
Topics: Animals; Arcanobacterium; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Cattle; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Female; Glycolipids; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32589570
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004230 -
Cureus Apr 2020Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with numerous pathogens as culprits. We present a case of IE that evolved...
Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with numerous pathogens as culprits. We present a case of IE that evolved to a septic embolic stroke caused by an extremely rare bacteria Trueperella (T.) pyogenes that primarily infects non-humans. In contrast to most cases occurring outside the United States (US), this is the second case of T. pyogenes-associated endocarditis and the first to present as a stroke in the US. T. pyogenes has undergone numerous taxonomic revisions over the years since first being reported and characterized as Bacillus pyogenes in the 1800s. T. pyogenes is a zoonotic infection, and despite advancements in chemotaxonomic detection methods, Trueperella is often misidentified and under-diagnosed. Although epidemiological data is scarce, T. pyogenes infections have the propensity to cause endocarditis, and we aim to summarize all isolated reports of T. pyogenes infections that have been reported in the literature thus far.
PubMed: 32455060
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7740