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Infection Dec 2019We report a rare case of post-traumatic cutaneous diphtheria in a patient referred from a hospital in rural India. The diagnosis of cutaneous diphtheria was confirmed by...
We report a rare case of post-traumatic cutaneous diphtheria in a patient referred from a hospital in rural India. The diagnosis of cutaneous diphtheria was confirmed by the isolation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cultured from the ulcer of the leg, along with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. The patient was kept on isolation and treated with erythromycin for 14 days without antitoxin. He was discharged when his subsequent cultures turned out to be negative. Chemoprophylaxis was also given to his family members. Such a case highlights the revisiting of vaccination strategies and the role of cutaneous carriers in transmission of this deadly disease.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diphtheria; Erythromycin; Humans; India; Male; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30953325
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01300-x -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Apr 2019
Topics: Abscess; Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcanobacterium; Breast Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 30847460
DOI: No ID Found -
Infection and Immunity Mar 2019is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis and wound infections. A few studies have suggested that is able to induce its uptake into nonphagocytic...
is an emerging human pathogen that causes pharyngitis and wound infections. A few studies have suggested that is able to induce its uptake into nonphagocytic epithelial cells, but the bacterial factors associated with host cell invasion and the host cell processes involved have yet to be studied. We investigated how two virulence factors, arcanolysin (ALN) and phospholipase D (PLD), affect the ability of the bacteria to adhere to and subsequently invade Detroit 562 pharyngeal epithelial cells. The sphingomyelinase activity of phospholipase D was necessary to increase bacterial adherence, while the absence of a functional arcanolysin had no effect on adherence but did lead to a decrease in invasion into Detroit 562 cells. Because of the known roles of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins in disrupting calcium gradients and inducing F-actin-mediated bacterial internalization, we sought to determine whether ALN and PLD played a similar role in the ability of to invade nonphagocytic cells. Elimination of extracellular calcium and inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex or F-actin polymerization also caused a decrease in the ability of to invade Detroit 562 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that utilizes phospholipase D primarily for adherence and utilizes arcanolysin primarily for invasion into Detroit 562 cells in a process dependent on extracellular calcium and F-actin polymerization. Our work marks the first insight into how the individual activities of arcanolysin and phospholipase D affect host-pathogen interactions using the biologically relevant Detroit 562 cell line.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Arcanobacterium; Bacterial Proteins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infections; Phospholipase D
PubMed: 30745329
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00832-18 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2019An 81-year-old Japanese man with no history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital for a fever with a new ulcerative lesion on the left heel. Blood cultures... (Review)
Review
An 81-year-old Japanese man with no history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital for a fever with a new ulcerative lesion on the left heel. Blood cultures on admission grew Arcanobacterium haemolyticum in aerobic bottles. He was therefore diagnosed with A. haemolyticum bacteremia and osteomyelitis complicated with foot decubitus ulcer. He was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotic therapy and debridement of the left heel. Our case and literature review show that it is important to recognize that A. haemolyticum is a systemic causative pathogen in immunocompetent patients in primary care practice.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcanobacterium; Bacteremia; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Education, Medical, Continuing; Fever; Foot Ulcer; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osteomyelitis; Physicians, Primary Care; Pressure Ulcer
PubMed: 30713320
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2162-18 -
MicrobiologyOpen Jul 2019A Gram-staining positive facultative anaerobic, non-motile strain, sk1b4 , was isolated from canker of symptomatic bark tissue of a Populus × euramericana. 16S rRNA...
A Gram-staining positive facultative anaerobic, non-motile strain, sk1b4 , was isolated from canker of symptomatic bark tissue of a Populus × euramericana. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain sk1b4 shared the highest similarity with Arcanobacterium phocisimile (94.1%). Within the phylogenetic tree, the novel isolate formed a distinct branch from Actinobaculum, Arcanobacterium, and Trueperella. The percentage of conserved proteins calculated from genomic sequence indicated a low level of relatedness between the novel strain and its phylogenetic neighbors. Growth of the novel strain occurred at temperatures between 10 and 41°C, and within a pH range of 6.0-9.0; optimal growth occurred at 30°C and at pH 6.0-9.0. Growth also occurred within a NaCl concentration of 1%-5% (w/v). The major fatty acids of the strain were C , C , and C ω9c and major polar lipids were glycolipid, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phospholipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. Respiratory quinone was absent. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose that the novel isolate should be classified as a novel species in a new genus: Ancrocorticia populi gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is sk1b4 (=CFCC 14564 = KCTC 39919 ).
PubMed: 30656854
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.792 -
Isolation and comparison of Arcanobacterium hippocoleae isolates from the genital tract of 15 mares.Veterinary Microbiology Jan 2019The present study reports the isolation of A. hippocoleae from genital swabs of 15 apparently healthy mares (at least one had an abortion one month earlier) and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The present study reports the isolation of A. hippocoleae from genital swabs of 15 apparently healthy mares (at least one had an abortion one month earlier) and describes the genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of these strains. The mares were of eight different breeds with a thoroughbred dominance and came from 11 breeding farms located in the French region of Brittany. 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the species' identification by comparing it with reference strain A. hippocoleae CIP 106850. Some degree of natural divergence within A. hippocoleae was observed by 16S rRNA sequencing (two 1,002-pb sequences), MALDI-TOF MS typing (two groups), a CAMP test (three different intensities of haemolysis from CAMP-positive results) and API® Coryne system (five profiles). The strains were all susceptible to the antimicrobials tested. A national prevalence survey would be required to estimate the frequency of A. hippocoleae carriage in mares and stallions and to verify the presence of A. hippocoleae outside the French region of Brittany, which is the only one found to be affected in the current study, probably because the isolates were recovered from a single field laboratory in this region.
Topics: Animals; Arcanobacterium; Female; Genitalia; Genotype; Horses; Mass Spectrometry; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Species Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 30593358
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.026 -
International Journal of General... 2018Pharyngitis is commonly caused by a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and symptoms typically include sore throat. Antibiotics are often...
PURPOSE
Pharyngitis is commonly caused by a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and symptoms typically include sore throat. Antibiotics are often inappropriately used for the treatment of pharyngitis, which can contribute to antimicrobial resistance, therefore non-antibiotic treatments which have broad antiseptic effects may be more appropriate. Amylmetacresol (AMC) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (DCBA) are present in some antiseptic lozenges and have established benefits in providing symptomatic relief and some in vitro antiviral action.
METHODS
Seven bacterial species associated with pharyngitis, namely subspecies , and , were exposed to an AMC/DCBA lozenge dissolved in artificial saliva. In vitro bactericidal activity was measured as a log reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs).
RESULTS
Bactericidal activity was recorded against all organisms after 1 minute. Greater than 3 log reductions in CFUs were observed at 1 minute for (log reduction CFU/mL ± SD, 5.7±0.1), (6.1±0.1), (6.5±0.0) and (6.5±0.0), at 5 minutes for (6.3±0.0) and (5.0±0.9) and at 10 minutes for (3.5±0.1).
CONCLUSION
An AMC/DCBA lozenge demonstrated a greater than 99.9% reduction in CFUs against all tested species within 10 minutes, which is consistent with the time a lozenge remains in the mouth. Patients with uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis may benefit from the antibacterial action of antiseptic AMC/DCBA lozenges. Furthermore, AMC/DCBA lozenges may be more relevant and appropriate than antibiotics for pharyngitis associated with a self-limiting viral URTI.
PubMed: 30568479
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S184406 -
Metabolites Dec 2018We investigated the effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on gut microbiota and the metabolites. Five litters of healthy neonatal...
We investigated the effects of early intervention with maternal fecal microbiota and antibiotics on gut microbiota and the metabolites. Five litters of healthy neonatal piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, nine piglets in each litter) were used. Piglets in each litter were orally treated with saline (CO), amoxicillin treatment (AM), or maternal fecal microbiota transplantation (MFMT) on days 1⁻6, with three piglets in each treatment. Results were compared to the CO group. MFMT decreased the relative abundances of and in the colon on day 7, whereas the abundance of increased, and the abundance of in the stomach reduced on day 21. AM reduced the abundance of in the stomach on day 7 and reduced the abundances of and in the ileum and colon on day 21, respectively. The metabolite profile indicated that MFMT markedly influenced carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid (AA) metabolism on day 7. On day 21, carbohydrate metabolism and AA metabolism were affected by AM. The results suggest that MFMT and AM discriminatively modulate gastrointestinal microflora and alter the colonic metabolic profiles of piglets and show different effects in the long-term. MFMT showed a location-specific influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota.
PubMed: 30563199
DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040089 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Oct 2018Systemic Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a rare bacterial infection in humans.1The diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)-like syndrome and infective...
Systemic Arcanobacterium pyogenes is a rare bacterial infection in humans.1The diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)-like syndrome and infective endocarditis (IE) is often elusive. We report a case of TTP-like syndrome associated with A. pyogenes endocarditis in a post-allogenic transplant patient.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Arcanobacterium; Diagnosis, Differential; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Young Adult
PubMed: 30350823
DOI: No ID Found -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Feb 2019This study examined the effect of single IU administration of cephapirin on clinical recovery, clearance of uterine bacteria and reproductive performance of postpartum...
This study examined the effect of single IU administration of cephapirin on clinical recovery, clearance of uterine bacteria and reproductive performance of postpartum buffaloes with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Buffaloes (n = 86) at 35 days postpartum (DPP) with >10% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in endometrial cytosmears were designated as positive (SCEP, n = 29), and buffaloes with ≤10% PMN cell were designated as negative (SCEN, n = 57) for SCE. Out of 29 positive buffaloes, 15 were administered a single intrauterine dose of cephapirin benzathine on 40 DPP (SCEP-CB), while the remaining 14 animals were kept as untreated control (SCEP-C). All animals were observed regularly for oestrous signs and were again subjected to cytobrush sampling on the first postpartum (FPP) oestrus. Buffaloes positive for SCE at 35 DPP were later considered "recovered" if their PMN cells dropped to ≤5% on the FPP oestrus. Presence of Escherichia coli, Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum in uterus was detected based upon PCR amplification of genes related to bacteria-specific virulence factors. A total of 66.7% of SCEP-CB group buffaloes recovered as compared to 28.6% in SCEP-C (χ = 4.21; p < 0.05). Rate of bacterial clearance did not differ between treated (38.5%) and untreated buffaloes (8.3%) (χ = 1.67; p > 0.05). The median days to first service did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the three groups, whereas cephapirin administration reduced (p < 0.05) the days open by 14 days in SCEP-CB compared to SCEP-C buffaloes. SCEP-CB buffaloes were as likely to conceive as SCEN, whereas SCEP-C had 0.28 hazard ratio for pregnancy. In conclusion, a single treatment with cephapirin benzathine at 40 DPP improved the reproductive performance of buffaloes with subclinical endometritis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephapirin; Endometritis; Female; Postpartum Period; Reproduction; Treatment Outcome; Uterus
PubMed: 30325546
DOI: 10.1111/rda.13362