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Biometals : An International Journal on... Feb 2018Anthropogenic sources of arsenic poses and creates unintentional toxico-pathological concerns to humans in many parts of the world. The understanding of toxicity of this... (Review)
Review
Anthropogenic sources of arsenic poses and creates unintentional toxico-pathological concerns to humans in many parts of the world. The understanding of toxicity of this metalloid, which shares properties of both metal and non-metal is principally structured on speciation types and holy grail of toxicity prevention. Visible symptoms of arsenic toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In this review, we focused on the dermal cell stress caused by trivalent arsenic trioxide and pentavalent arsanilic acid. Deciphering the molecular events involved during arsenic toxicity and signaling cascade interaction is key in arsenicosis prevention. FoxO1 and FoxO2 transcription factors, members of the Forkhead/Fox family, play important roles in this aspect. Like Foxo family proteins, ATM/CHK signaling junction also plays important role in DNA nuclear factor guided cellular development. This review will summarize and discuss current knowledge about the interplay of these pathways in arsenic induced dermal pathogenesis.
Topics: Arsanilic Acid; Arsenic Poisoning; Arsenic Trioxide; Arsenicals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Forkhead Box Protein O1; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Oxides; Protein Isoforms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src); Signal Transduction; Skin; Transcriptional Activation
PubMed: 29143154
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0065-3 -
Journal of Vestibular Research :... 2017Bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) causes a unique behavioural syndrome in rodents, with symptoms such as locomotor hyperactivity and changes in exploratory behaviour. Many...
Bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) causes a unique behavioural syndrome in rodents, with symptoms such as locomotor hyperactivity and changes in exploratory behaviour. Many of these symptoms appear to be indirect consequences of the loss of vestibular reflex function and are difficult to explain. Although such symptoms have been reported before, there have been few systematic studies of the effects of BVL using automated digital tracking systems in which many behavioural symptoms can be measured simultaneously with high precision. In this study, data were obtained from rats with BVL induced by intratympanic sodium arsanilate injections (n = 7) or sham injections (n = 8) and their behaviour in the open field was measured at 3 days and 23 days post-injection using Ethovision™ tracking software. BVL rats demonstrated reduced thigmotaxis, with more time spent in the central zones. Twenty-three days post-injection, BVL animals showed increased locomotor activity in the open field. The increase in activity was also reflected in the number of transitions between each zone of the field. In addition to increased activity, BVL animals showed increased whole body rotations following lesions. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest classification (RFC), we were able to show that the indirect behavioural effects of BVL, excluding direct measurement of vestibular reflex function, could correctly predict whether animals had received a BVL with a high degree of accuracy at both day 3 and day 23 post-BVL (83% and 100% for LDA, and 100% and 100% for RFC, respectively). RFC has been similarly successful in classifying other hyperactivity syndromes such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These results suggest that BVL results in a unique behavioural signature that can identify vestibular loss in rats even without direct vestibular reflex measurements.
Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Exploratory Behavior; Functional Laterality; Hyperkinesis; Injections; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular; Rotation; Tympanic Membrane; Vestibular Diseases; Vestibular Function Tests
PubMed: 29064826
DOI: 10.3233/VES-170612 -
Journal of Chromatography. B,... Sep 2017Recent studies of magnetic carrier technology have focused on its applications in separation and purification technologies, due to easy separation of the target from the...
Recent studies of magnetic carrier technology have focused on its applications in separation and purification technologies, due to easy separation of the target from the reaction medium by applying an external magnetic field. In the present study, FeO superparamagnetic nanoparticles were prepared to utilize a chemical co-precipitation method, then the surfaces of the nanoparticles were modified with arsanilic acid derivatives which were used as the specific nanocarriers for the affinity purification of alkaline phosphatase from the hen's egg yolk. The six different types of magnetic nanocarriers with varied lengths of the linkers were obtained. All samples were characterized step by step and validated using FTIR, SEM, EDX, VSM and XRD analysis methods As the results were shown, the use of inflexible tags with long linkers on the surface of the nanocarrier could lead to better results for separation of alkaline phosphatase from the hen's egg yolk with 76.2% recovery and 1361.7-fold purification. The molecular weight of the purified alkaline phosphatase was estimated to be 68kDa by SDS-PAGE. The results of this study showed that the novel magnetic nanocarriers were capable of purifying alkaline phosphatase in a practically time and cost effective way.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chickens; Egg Yolk; Female; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 28704722
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.048 -
The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2017Para arsanilic acid (p-ASA) is extensively used as feed additives in poultry industry, resulting contaminates soil and natural water sources through the use of poultry...
Para arsanilic acid (p-ASA) is extensively used as feed additives in poultry industry, resulting contaminates soil and natural water sources through the use of poultry litter as a fertilizer in croplands. Thus, removal of p-ASA prior to its entering environments is significant to control their environmental risk. Herein, we studied Fe-Mn framework and cubic Fe(OH) as promising novel adsorbents for the removal of p-ASA from aqueous solution. The chemical and micro-structural properties of Fe-Mn framework and cubic Fe(OH) materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), nitrogen adsorption (S), zeta (ζ-) potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The maximum adsorption capacity for p-ASA on Fe-Mn framework and cubic Fe(OH) was determined to be 1.3mmolg and 0.72mmolg at pH4.0, respectively. Adsorption of p-ASA decreased gradually with increasing pH indicated that adsorption was strongly pH dependent. Azophenylarsonic acid was identified as an oxidation intermediate product of p-ASA after adsorption on Fe-Mn framework. Plausible removal mechanism for p-ASA by Fe-Mn framework was proposed. The obtained results gain insight into the potential applicability of Fe-Mn framework, which can be potentially important for the removal of p-ASA from water.
PubMed: 28577406
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.219 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2017The development of a new method to determine the presence of the organoarsenic additives p-arsanilic acid (ASA), roxarsone (ROX) and nitarsone (NIT) in livestock feeds...
Speciation analysis of organoarsenic compounds in livestock feed by microwave-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
The development of a new method to determine the presence of the organoarsenic additives p-arsanilic acid (ASA), roxarsone (ROX) and nitarsone (NIT) in livestock feeds by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet oxidation hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-UV/HG-AFS) after microwave assisted extraction (MAE) was proposed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with 2% acetic acid/methanol (96:4, v/v) as the mobile phase. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.13, 0.09 and 0.08mgL, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.44, 0.30 and 0.28mgL. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for ASA, ROX and NIT determined from five measurements of the mixed calibration standard were 3.3, 5.3, and 5.4%, respectively. MAE extraction of phenylated arsenic compounds using 1.5M HPO at 120°C for 45min allowed for maximum recoveries (%) of total arsenic (As) and organoarsenic species, with no degradation of these compounds. The extraction of total As was approximately 97%, and the As species recoveries were between 95.2 and 97.0%. The results of the analysis were validated using mass balance by comparing the sum of extracted As with the total concentration of As in the corresponding samples. The method was successfully applied to determine the presence of these compounds in feed samples. ASA was the only As species detected in chicken feed samples, with a concentration between 0.72 and 12.91mgkg.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Arsenic; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Analysis; Livestock; Microwaves; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 28490103
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.012 -
Chemosphere Aug 2017Arsenic pollution poses severe threat to human health, therefore dealing with the problem of arsenic contamination in water bodies is extremely important. The adsorption...
Arsenic pollution poses severe threat to human health, therefore dealing with the problem of arsenic contamination in water bodies is extremely important. The adsorption behaviors of different arsenic species, such as arsenate (As(V)), p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA), roxarsone (ROX), dimethylarsenate (DMA) from water using mesoporous bimetal oxide magnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFeO) have been detailedly investigated. The adsorbent was synthesized via a facile co-precipitation approach and recovered conveniently owing to its strong magnetic properties. The obtained MnFeO with large surface area and abundant hydroxyly functional groups exhibited excellent adsorption performance for As(V) and p-ASA, in contrast to ROX and DMA with the maximum adsorption capacities of As(V), p-ASA, ROX and DMA of 68.25 mg g, 59.45 mg g, 51.49 mg g, and 35.77 mg g, respectively. The Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model correlated satisfactorily with the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters depicted the spontaneous endothermic nature for the adsorption of different arsenic species. The adsorption mechanism of different arsenic species onto MnFeO nanoparticles at various pH values could be explained by surface complexation and molecular structural variations. Attenuated Total internal Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further proved that arsenic species were bonded to the surface of MnFeO through the formation of an inner-sphere complex between the arsenic acid moiety and surface metal centers. The results would help to know the interaction of arsenic species with iron-manganese minerals and the mobility of arsenic species in natural environments.
Topics: Adsorption; Arsenic; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Ferric Compounds; Kinetics; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Manganese Compounds; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Thermodynamics; Water Pollutants
PubMed: 28453965
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.049 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Aug 2017Organic arsenic acids (OAAs) are regarded as water pollutants because of their toxicity and considerable solubility in water. Adsorption of OAAs such as phenylarsonic...
Organic arsenic acids (OAAs) are regarded as water pollutants because of their toxicity and considerable solubility in water. Adsorption of OAAs such as phenylarsonic acid (PAA) and p-arsanilic acid (ASA) from water was investigated over functionalized (with OH groups) metal-organic framework (MOF, MIL-101), as well as over pristine MIL-101 and commercial activated carbon. The highly porous MIL-101 bearing three hydroxyl groups (MIL-101(OH)) exhibited remarkable PAA and ASA adsorption capacities. Based on the effects of pH on PAA and ASA adsorption, hydrogen bonding was suggested as a plausible mechanism of OAA adsorption. Importantly, OAAs and MIL-101(OH) can be viewed as hydrogen-bond acceptors and donors, respectively. Moreover, MIL-101(OH) could be regenerated by acidic ethanol treatment, being a promising adsorbent for the removal of PAA and ASA from water.
PubMed: 28448879
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.044 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section C,... Apr 2017Structures having the unusual protonated 4-arsonoanilinium species, namely in the hydrochloride salt, CHAsNO·Cl, (I), and the complex salts formed from the reaction of...
Unusual 4-arsonoanilinium cationic species in the hydrochloride salt of (4-aminophenyl)arsonic acid and formed in the reaction of the acid with copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) chloride and cadmium chloride.
Structures having the unusual protonated 4-arsonoanilinium species, namely in the hydrochloride salt, CHAsNO·Cl, (I), and the complex salts formed from the reaction of (4-aminophenyl)arsonic acid (p-arsanilic acid) with copper(II) sulfate, i.e. hexaaquacopper(II) bis(4-arsonoanilinium) disulfate dihydrate, (CHAsNO)[Cu(HO)](SO)·2HO, (II), with copper(II) chloride, i.e. poly[bis(4-arsonoanilinium) [tetra-μ-chlorido-cuprate(II)]], {(CHAsNO)[CuCl]}, (III), and with cadmium chloride, i.e. poly[bis(4-arsonoanilinium) [tetra-μ-chlorido-cadmate(II)]], {(CHAsNO)[CdCl]}, (IV), have been determined. In (II), the two 4-arsonoanilinium cations are accompanied by [Cu(HO)] cations with sulfate anions. In the isotypic complex salts (III) and (IV), they act as counter-cations to the {[CuCl]} or {[CdCl]} anionic polymer sheets, respectively. In (II), the [Cu(HO)] ion sits on a crystallographic centre of symmetry and displays a slightly distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The asymmetric unit for (II) contains, in addition to half the [Cu(HO)] ion, one 4-arsonoanilinium cation, a sulfate dianion and a solvent water molecule. Extensive O-H...O and N-H...O hydrogen bonds link all the species, giving an overall three-dimensional structure. In (III), four of the chloride ligands are related by inversion [Cu-Cl = 2.2826 (8) and 2.2990 (9) Å], with the other two sites of the tetragonally distorted octahedral CuCl unit occupied by symmetry-generated Cl-atom donors [Cu-Cl = 2.9833 (9) Å], forming a two-dimensional coordination polymer network substructure lying parallel to (001). In the crystal, the polymer layers are linked across [001] by a number of bridging hydrogen bonds involving N-H...Cl interactions from head-to-head-linked As-O-H...O 4-arsonoanilinium cations. A three-dimensional network structure is formed. Cd compound (IV) is isotypic with Cu complex (III), but with the central CdCl complex repeat unit having a more regular M-Cl bond-length range [2.5232 (12)-2.6931 (10) Å] compared to that in (III). This series of compounds represents the first reported crystal structures having the protonated 4-arsonoanilinium species.
PubMed: 28378716
DOI: 10.1107/S205322961700314X -
Brain Structure & Function Sep 2017Vestibular dysfunction has been shown to cause spatial memory impairment. Neurophysiological studies indicate that bilateral vestibular loss (BVL), in particular, is...
Effects of bilateral vestibular deafferentation in rat on hippocampal theta response to somatosensory stimulation, acetylcholine release, and cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus.
Vestibular dysfunction has been shown to cause spatial memory impairment. Neurophysiological studies indicate that bilateral vestibular loss (BVL), in particular, is associated with an impairment of the response of hippocampal place cells and theta rhythm. However, the specific neural pathways through which vestibular information reaches the hippocampus are yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the hypothesised 'theta-generating pathway' from the brainstem vestibular nucleus to the hippocampus. BVL, and in some cases, unilateral vestibular loss (UVL), induced by intratympanic sodium arsanilate injections in rats, were used to investigate the effects of vestibular loss on somatosensory-induced type 2 theta rhythm, acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus, and the number of cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), an important part of the theta-generating pathway. Under urethane anaesthesia, BVL was found to cause a significant increase in the maximum power of the type 2 theta (3-6 Hz) frequency band compared to UVL and sham animals. Rats with BVL generally exhibited a lower basal level of ACh release than sham rats; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The PPTg of BVL rats exhibited significantly more choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons than that of sham animals, as did the contralateral PPTg of UVL animals; however, the number of ChAT-positive neurons on the ipsilateral side of UVL animals was not significantly different from sham animals. The results of these studies indicate that parts of the theta-generating pathway undergo a significant reorganisation following vestibular loss, which suggests that this pathway is important for the interaction between the vestibular system and the hippocampus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Cholinergic Neurons; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Functional Laterality; Hippocampus; Linear Models; Male; Neural Pathways; Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Temporal Bone; Theta Rhythm; Time Factors; Vestibular Diseases
PubMed: 28349227
DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1407-1 -
Water Research Jun 2017Aromatic organoarsenic compounds tend to transform into more mobile toxic inorganic arsenic via several processes, and can inadvertently spread toxic inorganic arsenic...
Aromatic organoarsenic compounds tend to transform into more mobile toxic inorganic arsenic via several processes, and can inadvertently spread toxic inorganic arsenic through the environment to water sources. To gain insight into the transformation mechanisms, we herein investigated how the process of para arsanilic acid (p-ASA) transformation works in detail on the surface of adsorbents by comparing it with phenylarsonic acid (PA) and aniline, which have similar chemical structures. In contrast to the values of 0.23 mmol g and 0.68 mmol g for PA and aniline, the maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 0.40 mmol g for p-ASA at pH 4.0. The results of FTIR and XPS spectra supported the presence of a protonated amine, resulting in a suitable condition for the oxidation of p-ASA. Based on the combined results of UV-spectra and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, we confirmed that the adsorbed p-ASA was first oxidized through the transfer of one electron from p-ASA on MnO surface to form a radical intermediate, which through further hydrolysis and coupling led to formation of benzoquinone and azophenylarsonic acid, which was identified as a major intermediate. After that, p-ASA radical intermediate was cleaved to form arsenite (III), and then further oxidized into arsenate (V) with the release of manganese (Mn) into solution, indicating a heterogeneous oxidation process.
Topics: Adsorption; Arsanilic Acid; Arsenic; Manganese Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Water
PubMed: 28329708
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.028