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Infection and Drug Resistance 2024Tinea capitis, primarily caused by dermatophytes such as and species, is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair, commonly observed in prepubertal...
Tinea capitis, primarily caused by dermatophytes such as and species, is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair, commonly observed in prepubertal children but rare in adults. Here we report a unique case of an adult female with tinea capitis presenting as diffused alopecia and erythema inflammation on the scalp's apex, mimicking seborrheic dermatitis. Examination of the hair and scalp using fluorescence microscopy and fungal culture identified the presence of hyphae from and . The patient underwent with oral antifungal treatment for 3 months, resulting in the resolution of the rash and subsequent hair regrowth, with no recurrence during 6-month follow-up. In vitro co-culture experiments of and (both and ) revealed that appears to facilitate growth, while the reverse was not observed. This data suggests that 's use of long-chain fatty acids by might reduce its antibacterial effect, potentially aiding adult tinea capitis development caused by .
PubMed: 38912215
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S455485 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Jun 2024Tinea capitis, a common scalp infection primarily affecting children, is caused by keratinophilic dermatophytic fungi, notably Microsporum and Trichophyton species....
INTRODUCTION
Tinea capitis, a common scalp infection primarily affecting children, is caused by keratinophilic dermatophytic fungi, notably Microsporum and Trichophyton species. Microsporum canis, primarily transmitted from cats and dogs to humans, is rarely reported in non-endemic regions like India. We report a cases involving three family members from Delhi, India, diagnosed with tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis. The index case, a five-year-old boy, contracted the infection through contact with a cat, while his younger brother and sister acquired it through human-to-human transmission within the family.
METHODS
Clinical examination, microscopic analysis, and molecular identification techniques confirmed the diagnosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed sensitivity to itraconazole and terbinafine but resistance to griseofulvin.
RESULTS
Treatment with oral terbinafine and topical ketoconazole cream led to successful outcomes for all three patients. Molecular typing confirmed clonality of the isolates, indicating human-to-human transmission.
CONCLUSION
This case study underscores the significance of considering atypical sources of infection and human-to-human transmission in the diagnosis and management of tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis in non-endemic regions. It emphasizes the necessity of thorough contact history assessment and appropriate antifungal therapy for effective control of the infection.
PubMed: 38885904
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100621 -
Mycoses Jun 2024Tinea faciei is a relatively uncommon dermatophyte infection. The studies, which included clinical forms, and isolated species of dermatophytes, are limited.
BACKGROUND
Tinea faciei is a relatively uncommon dermatophyte infection. The studies, which included clinical forms, and isolated species of dermatophytes, are limited.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study aims to determine the causative organism, clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with tinea faciei attending the dermatologic clinic, Siriraj Hospital, from 1 January 2017 to 30 September 2021. Demographic data, clinical presentations, isolated dermatophyte species, treatments and outcomes were collected and analysed.
RESULTS
A total of 151 tinea faciei cases were observed. Trichophyton rubrum (48.6%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (22.2%) and Microsporum canis (18.1%) were common causative agents. Tinea faciei was commonly detected in females (64.9%) with a history of pets (54.6%). Clinical presentations often involved plaques and scales on the cheeks. Among patients with lesions on the cheek, mycological cure was observed significantly less often compared to those without cheek lesions. Patients with other concurrent skin or nail infections, a history of topical steroids and a history of previous fungal infection had a slightly longer duration of mycological cure than those without factors. Recurrent infection was found in 33.3%. Male, history of previous fungal infection, and lesions on the cheeks were significantly associated with recurrent infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Fungal infection of the face was commonly found in women and patients with pets. The most common pathogen that caused tinea faciei was T. rubrum. Topical antifungal treatments could be used with favourable outcomes. The history of past infection and lesion on the cheeks should be carefully assessed to be vigilant for recurrent infection.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Female; Male; Tinea; Thailand; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Middle Aged; Arthrodermataceae; Young Adult; Adolescent; Microsporum; Child; Treatment Outcome; Aged; Facial Dermatoses; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38880935
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13754 -
Mycopathologia Jun 2024Data on the epidemiology of tinea capitis (TC), an infection of the scalp by dermatophytes, are scarce in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC...
Data on the epidemiology of tinea capitis (TC), an infection of the scalp by dermatophytes, are scarce in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC among school-children in the Dschang Subdivision, Western Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2021 in Dschang including pupils aged 5-13. First, a standardized questionnaire was administered to participant for the collection of sociodemographic data. Then, samples were collected and cultured onto Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol-Gentamicin Agar. The etiological agents were identified based on their morphological features and with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1070 children were clinically examined and 108 (10.1%) children presented with TC lesions. The mean age of the 1070 participants was 8.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 5-13 years); 772 (72.2%) were males. The use of borehole water (OR = 0.01, CI[0.001-0.03]), spring water (OR = 0.2, CI[0.08-0.50]), rainwater (OR = 0.004, CI[0.001-0.016]), and hairdressing salons visits (OR = 0.413, CI[0.196-0.872]) were associated with a decreased TC risk in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. In contrast, sharing bed with siblings (OR = 4.48, CI[2.095-9.60]) was associated with an increased TC risk in children. Among the 32 dermatophytes isolated in culture, Microsporum audouinii was the most frequent (43.8%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (25.0%) and T. soudanense (25.0%). Microsporum canis and T. violaceum were both rarely isolated. Further studies are warranted to assess the association of TC with domestic water usage that has been highlighted in this study.
Topics: Tinea Capitis; Humans; Cameroon; Child; Male; Female; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Child, Preschool; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Microsporum; Risk Factors; Arthrodermataceae; Schools; Trichophyton
PubMed: 38864977
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-024-00857-y -
Cureus May 2024Introduction Tinea capitis, often known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection that affects the scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. It is generally caused by...
Introduction Tinea capitis, often known as ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection that affects the scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows. It is generally caused by dermatophytes from the genera and and are the main etiological agents responsible for most of the cases of tinea capitis globally. Tinea capitis commonly manifests as itchy, scaly patches of hair loss. Tinea capitis is the prevailing dermatophyte illness among children globally. Methods An in-vitroevaluation study was conducted to assess the antifungal properties of ethanolic extracts of neem leaves and the oils of and , both individually and in combination. The agar-well diffusion method and the M38-A2 microbroth dilution method were employed to evaluate the antifungal efficacy against pathogenic dermatophyte strains, namely and . The fully mature green leaves were treated with ethanol to make the neem leaf extract. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis was carried out to determine the contents of the terpenoids. Fluconazole, an antifungal drug, is used as a standard. Results The findings demonstrated an overall inhibition of the growth of dermatophytes at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 187.5 and 375 μg/ml for neem leaf extract and 0.625 to 2.5 μl/ml for selected herbal oils, whereas it was 0.25 μg/ml and 0.50 μg/ml for positive control against and respectively. Conclusion The phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extracts in neem leaves revealed the presence of terpenoids, which are known for their significant biological activity. The study's findings demonstrated the therapeutic capabilities of neem leaf extract in combination with the oils of and for managing the tinea capitis infection. A broader and improved antifungal spectrum was seen when neem leaf extract and oils were combined. Therefore, it can be developed into a suitable formulation for the management of tinea capitis.
PubMed: 38836134
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59671 -
Mycoses Jun 2024Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem.
BACKGROUND
Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real-world experience.
METHODS
From 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled. We analysed the data of each patient, including clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, treatments and outcomes.
RESULTS
Preschool children were predominantly affected and were more likely to have zoophilic infection. The most common pathogen in China was Microsporum canis. Atopic dermatitis (AD), animal contact, endothrix infection and geophilic pathogens were linked with kerion occurrence. In terms of treatment, itraconazole was the most applied antifungal agent and reduced the time to mycological cure. A total of 22.5% of patients received systemic glucocorticoids simultaneously, which reduced the time to complete symptom relief. Furthermore, glucocorticoids combined with itraconazole had better treatment efficacy, with a higher rate and shorter time to achieving mycological cure.
CONCLUSIONS
Kerion often affects preschoolers and leads to serious sequelae, with AD, animal contact, and endothrix infection as potential risk factors. Glucocorticoids, especially those combined with itraconazole, had better treatment efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Antifungal Agents; Male; Female; Tinea Capitis; Itraconazole; China; Microsporum; Child; Infant; Glucocorticoids; Treatment Outcome; Dermatitis, Atopic; Risk Factors; Adolescent; Adult; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38825584
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13751 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024T (), commonly known as scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair. Among the causative agents, () stands out, often transmitted from cats to...
BACKGROUND
T (), commonly known as scalp ringworm, is a fungal infection affecting the scalp and hair. Among the causative agents, () stands out, often transmitted from cats to humans (). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of (), fruit extract against dermatophytes, particularly , both and . Additionally, we aimed to identify the active compounds responsible for suppressing fungal growth and assess the toxicity of on human cells.
METHODOLOGY
It conducted in two parts. First, Study include the preparation of fruit extract using methanol as the solvent, Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract including Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted, Cytotoxicity assays were performed using HUH-7 cells, employing the MTT assay (1-(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), Antimicrobial activity against was evaluated, including: Zone of inhibition (ZI), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), cell alterations were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Second, , Albino Wistar male rats were included.
RESULTS
The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract from papaya revealed several functional groups, including hydroxyl, ammonia, alkane, carbonate, and alcohol. Additionally, the GC-MS analysis identified 15 compounds, with xanthosine and decanoic acid being the predominant components. The methanolic extract of papaya fruits demonstrated potent antifungal activity: ZI = 37 mm, MIC = 1,000 μg/mL, MFC = 1900 μg/mL, MTT results indicated lower cytotoxicity of the fruit extract at concentrations of 20 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 150 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL, The IC50 revealed a significant decrease in cell viability with increasing extract concentration. Notably, papaya extract induced considerable alterations in the morphology of hyphae and spores. In animal tissue, improvements were observed among the group of rats which treated with Papaya extract. This study highlights the potential of fruits as a natural antifungal agent, warranting further exploration for clinical applications.
PubMed: 38803379
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399671 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Mar 2024The objective of this study was to identify the major compounds present in Cedar tar obtained by distillation of Cedrus atlantica wood from the Taza forest (Morocco) and...
The objective of this study was to identify the major compounds present in Cedar tar obtained by distillation of Cedrus atlantica wood from the Taza forest (Morocco) and to evaluate its antidermatophytic activity in vitro against the three strains of dermatophytes most widespread in Morocco, considered the main prevailing causes of fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails. GC/MS analysis revealed that cedar tar is composed mainly of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with nine major compounds identified, including α-Cedrene, β-Cadinene, γ-Cadinene, β-Himachelene, α-Turmerone, β-Turmerone, Ar-tumerone, α-Atlantone and Himachalol. The evaluation of antifungal activity was carried out by the micro dilution technique. The MIC values found were 100µg/mL, 2µg/mL and 0.1µg/mL on Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis strains respectively. The observed strong antifungal activity of cedar tar is attributed to the prevalence of oxygenated and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, known for their established antidermatophytic properties. This study highlights the potential of the Atlas Cedar tar as an effective antifungal agent for the treatment of superficial mycoses, particularly dermatophytoses.
Topics: Microsporum; Antifungal Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Arthrodermataceae; Cedrus; Sesquiterpenes; Plant Extracts; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Phytochemicals; Morocco
PubMed: 38767092
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Apr 2024Kerion celsi (KC), known as scalp ringworm, is the most common dermatophytosis in children. In Mexico, it ranks fourth among dermatophytoses, with a frequency of 4%-10%....
Kerion celsi (KC), known as scalp ringworm, is the most common dermatophytosis in children. In Mexico, it ranks fourth among dermatophytoses, with a frequency of 4%-10%. KC is the inflammatory variety of tinea capitis (TC), with the most common causative agents being and We present the clinical case of a six-year-old male diagnosed with KC. Direct examination stained with chlorazol black and cultures were performed, yielding negative results. Histopathological study revealed spores and short hyphae within and surrounding the hair shaft. Treatment with itraconazole was initiated based on suspicion of spp. from the trichoscopy findings. We propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for kerion celsi.
PubMed: 38765450
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58475 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 2024Microsporum canis, one of the most widespread dermatophytes worldwide, is a zoonotic microorganism that transmits infection from reservoirs such as cats and dogs to...
Microsporum canis, one of the most widespread dermatophytes worldwide, is a zoonotic microorganism that transmits infection from reservoirs such as cats and dogs to humans. This microorganism is associated with Tinea corporis and other clinical manifestations; however, few studies have used genetic surveillance to determine and characterize the process of zoonotic transmission. In this study, we show a clear example of zoonotic transmission from a cat to an intrafamilial environment, where it caused Tinea corporis by infection with M. canis. Molecular characterization using the b-tubulin gene and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis made it possible to determine that the six isolates of M. canis obtained in this study belonged to the same genetic variant or clone responsible for reservoir-reservoir or reservoir-human transmission.
Topics: Microsporum; Cats; Animals; Tinea; Cat Diseases; Zoonoses; Pets; Humans; Dogs; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Male; Female; Dog Diseases; DNA, Fungal
PubMed: 38747851
DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946202466030