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Frontiers in Nutrition 2024There is little research on the relationship between flavonol consumption and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the link between flavonol...
Association between consumption of flavonol and its subclasses and chronic kidney disease in US adults: an analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018.
BACKGROUND
There is little research on the relationship between flavonol consumption and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the link between flavonol consumption and the risk of CKD among US adults, using data from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
METHODS
A cross-sectional approach was used, drawing on data from three NHANES cycles. The flavonol consumption of the participants in this study was assessed using a 48 h dietary recall interview. CKD was diagnosed based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g or higher.
RESULTS
Compared to the lowest quartile of flavonol intake (Q1), the odds ratios for CKD were 0.598 (95% CI: 0.349, 1.023) for the second quartile (Q2), 0.679 (95% CI: 0.404, 1.142) for the third quartile (Q3), and 0.628 (95% CI: 0.395, 0.998) for the fourth quartile (Q4), with a value for trend significance of 0.190. In addition, there was a significant trend in CKD risk with isorhamnetin intake, with the odds ratios for CKD decreasing to 0.860 (95% CI: 0.546, 1.354) in the second quartile, 0.778 (95% CI: 0.515, 1.177) in the third quartile, and 0.637 (95% CI: 0.515, 1.177) in the fourth quartile ( for trend = 0.013).
CONCLUSION
Our analysis of the NHANES data spanning 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018 suggests that high consumption of dietary flavonol, especially isorhamnetin, might be linked to a lower risk of CKD in US adults. These findings offer new avenues for exploring strategies for managing CKD.
PubMed: 38957868
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1399251 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Though considerable studies suggesting connections between micronutrients and pregnancy complications, current evidence remains inconsistent and lacks causative...
BACKGROUND
Though considerable studies suggesting connections between micronutrients and pregnancy complications, current evidence remains inconsistent and lacks causative confirmation. Our study aimed to explore the causal links between them with a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data for circulating micronutrients were sourced from GWAS Catalog consortium and PubMed, while data for pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH), spontaneous abortion (SA), preterm birth (PTB), and stillbirth (SB), were retrieved from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortia. Causal effects were appraised using inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger, followed by sensitivity analyses and meta-analysis for validation.
RESULTS
Genetically predicted higher vitamin E (OR = 0.993, 95% CI 0.987-0.998; = 0.005) levels were inversely associated with SA risk. Consistent results were obtained in meta-analysis (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00; = 0.005). Besides, a potential positive causality between genetic predisposition to vitamin B12 and SB was identified in both IVW (OR = 0.974, 95% CI 0.953-0.996; = 0.018) and WM analysis (OR = 0.965, 95% CI 0.939-0.993; = 0.013). However, no causal relationships were observed between other analyzed circulating micronutrients and pregnancy complications.
CONCLUSION
This study offers compelling evidence of causal associations between circulating levels of vitamins E, B12 and the risk of SA and SB, respectively. These findings are pivotal for pregnancy complications screening and prevention, potentially guiding clinical practice and public health policies toward targeted nutritional interventions.
PubMed: 38957867
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1334974 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024The relationship between dietary factors and hernias is currently unclear.
BACKGROUND
The relationship between dietary factors and hernias is currently unclear.
METHODS
The UK Biobank was used to extract dietary factors that were used as exposures, including intake of alcohol, non-oily fish, beef, fresh fruit, oily fish, salad/raw vegetables, dried fruit, coffee, cereal, salt, tea, water, cooked vegetables, cheese, Lamb/mutton, pork, poultry, processed meat, and bread. The FinnGen biobank was used to obtain GWAS data on hernias as outcomes. The main analysis of this study was performed using the weighted median, MR-Egger, and IVW methods. Cochran's Q test was utilized to assess heterogeneity. To find potential outliers, the MR-PRESSO method was used. Leave-one-out analysis was employed to assess the IVW method's robustness.
RESULTS
Alcoholic consumption per week (OR: 0.614; = 0.00614) reduced the risk of inguinal hernia. Alcohol intake frequency (OR: 1.309; = 0.0477) increased the risk of ventral hernia (mainly including incisional hernia and parastomal hernia). The intake of non-oily fish (OR: 2.945; = 0.0214) increased the risk of inguinal hernia. Salt added to food (OR: 1.841; = 0.00267) increased the risk of umbilical hernia. Cheese intake (OR: 0.434; = 0.000536) and dried fruit intake (OR: 0.322; = 0.00716) decreased the risk of ventral hernia, while cooked vegetable intake (OR: 4.475; = 0.0380) increased the risk of ventral hernia. No causal relationships were found with hernias from other dietary factors.
CONCLUSION
Inguinal, umbilical, and ventral hernias are all related to dietary factors.
PubMed: 38957866
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1265920 -
Health Science Reports Jul 2024In the United States, the opioid epidemic has led many young people who use opioids to initiate injection drug use, putting them at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV)...
HCV prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics in a cross-sectional, community study of young people who inject drugs in New York City: Opportunity for and threats to HCV elimination.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
In the United States, the opioid epidemic has led many young people who use opioids to initiate injection drug use, putting them at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, community surveys to monitor HCV prevalence among young people who inject drugs (YPWID) are rare.
METHODS
As part of Staying Safe (Ssafe), a trial to evaluate an HCV-prevention intervention, a community-recruited sample of 439 young people who use opioids (ages 18-30) in New York City (NYC) were screened from 2018 to 2021. Screening procedures included a brief verbal questionnaire, a visual check for injection marks, onsite urine drug testing, rapid HCV antibody (Ab) testing, and dried blood spot (DBS) collection. DBS specimens were sent to a laboratory for HCV RNA testing and phylogenetic analysis to identify genetic linkages among HCV RNA-positive specimens. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between HCV status (Ab and RNA) and demographics and drug use patterns.
RESULTS
Among the 330 participants who reported injecting drugs (past 6 months), 33% ( = 110) tested HCV Ab-positive, 58% of whom ( = 64) had HCV RNA-positive DBS specimens, indicating active infection. In multivariable analysis, visible injection marks (AOR = 3.02; < 0.001), older age (AOR = 1.38; < 0.05), and female gender (AOR = 1.69; = 0.052) were associated with HCV Ab-positive status. Visible injection marks were also associated with HCV RNA-positive status (AOR = 5.24; < 0.01). Twenty-five percent of RNA-positive specimens (14/57) were genetically linked.
CONCLUSION
The relatively low prevalence of active infection suggests the potential impact of treatment-as-prevention in reducing HCV prevalence among YPWID. Targeted community serosurveys could help identify actively infected YPWID for treatment, thereby reducing HCV incidence and future transmissions.
PubMed: 38957862
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2211 -
Health Science Reports Jul 2024After conducting a comprehensive literature search of two medical electronic databases, PubMed and Embase, as well as two citation databases, Web of Science Core...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
After conducting a comprehensive literature search of two medical electronic databases, PubMed and Embase, as well as two citation databases, Web of Science Core Collections (WoS) and Scopus, we aimed to conduct an Altmetric and Scientometric analysis of the History of Medicine literature in medical research.
METHODS
The following software tools were used for analyzing the retrieved records from PubMed and Embase databases and conducting a collaboration analysis to identify the countries involved in scientific medical papers, as well as clustering keywords to reveal the trend of History of Medicine research for the future. These software tools (VOSviewer 1.6.18 and Spss 16) allowed the researchers to visualize bibliometric networks, perform statistical analysis, and identify patterns and trends in the data.
RESULTS
Our analysis revealed 53,771 records from PubMed and 54,405 records from EMBASE databases retrieved in the field of History of Medicine by 105,286 contributed authors in WoS. We identified 157 countries that collaborated on scientific medical papers. By clustering 59,995 keywords, we were able to reveal the trend of History of Medicine research for the future. Our findings showed a positive association between traditional bibliometrics and social media metrics such as the Altmetric Attention Score in the History of Medicine literature ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Sharing research findings of articles in social scientific networks will increase the visibility of scientific works in History of Medicine research, which is one of the most important factors influencing the citation of articles. Additionally, our overview of the literature in the medical field allowed us to identify and examine gaps in the History of Medicine research.
PubMed: 38957859
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2186 -
Health Science Reports Jul 2024
PubMed: 38957858
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2181 -
Extracellular Vesicle Jun 2024Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied for decades as candidates for cellular therapy, and their secretome, including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), has...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied for decades as candidates for cellular therapy, and their secretome, including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), has been identified to contribute significantly to regenerative and reparative functions. Emerging evidence has suggested that MSC-EVs alone, could be used as therapeutics that emulate the biological function of MSCs. However, just as with MSCs, MSC-EVs have been shown to vary in composition, depending on the tissue source of the MSCs as well as the protocols employed in culturing the MSCs and obtaining the EVs. Therefore, the importance of careful choice of cell sources and culture environments is receiving increasing attention. Many factors contribute to the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs, including the source tissue, isolation technique, and culturing conditions. This review illustrates the molecular landscape of EVs derived from different types of MSC cells along with culture strategies. A thorough analysis of publicly available omic datasets was performed to advance the precision understanding of MSC-EVs with unique tissue source-dependent molecular characteristics. The tissue-specific protein and miRNA-driven Reactome ontology analysis was used to reveal distinct patterns of top Reactome ontology pathways across adipose, bone marrow, and umbilical MSC-EVs. Moreover, a meta-analysis assisted by an AI technique was used to analyze the published literature, providing insights into the therapeutic translation of MSC-EVs based on their source tissues.
PubMed: 38957857
DOI: 10.1016/j.vesic.2024.100034 -
CHEST Critical Care Jun 2024Nearly one-quarter of all Americans die in the ICU. Many of their deaths are anticipated and occur following the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation (WMV). However,...
BACKGROUND
Nearly one-quarter of all Americans die in the ICU. Many of their deaths are anticipated and occur following the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation (WMV). However, there are few data on which to base best practices for interdisciplinary ICU teams to conduct WMV.
RESEARCH QUESTION
What are the perceptions of current WMV practices among ICU clinicians, and what are their opinions of processes that might improve the practice of WMV at end of life in the ICU?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective two-center observational study conducted in Boston, Massachusetts, the Observational Study of the Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation (OBSERVE-WMV) was designed to better understand the perspectives of clinicians and experience of patients undergoing WMV. This report focuses on analyses of qualitative data obtained from in-person surveys administered to the ICU clinicians (nurses, respiratory therapists, and physicians) caring for these patients. Surveys assessed a broad range of clinician perspectives on planning, as well as the key processes required for WMV. This analysis used independent open, inductive coding of responses to open-ended questions. Initial codes were reconciled iteratively and then organized and interpreted using a thematic analysis approach. Opinions were assessed on how WMV could be improved for individual patients and the ICU as a whole.
RESULTS
Among 456 eligible clinicians, 312 in-person surveys were completed by clinicians caring for 152 patients who underwent WMV. Qualitative analyses identified two main themes characterizing high-quality WMV processes: (1) good communication (eg, mutual understanding of family preferences) between the ICU team and family; and (2) medical management (eg, planning, availability of ICU team) that minimizes patient distress. Team member support was identified as an essential process component in both themes.
INTERPRETATION
Clinician perceptions of the appropriateness or success of WMV prioritize the quality of team and family communication and patient symptom management. Both are modifiable targets of interventions aimed at optimizing overall WMV.
PubMed: 38957855
DOI: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100051 -
Ghana Medical Journal Dec 2023The main objective of the study was to assess psychological distress and to identify any gender specific differences in the psychological distress among infertile...
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of the study was to assess psychological distress and to identify any gender specific differences in the psychological distress among infertile couples after one year of unsuccessful pharmacotherapy.
DESIGN
A descriptive cross-sectional study.
SETTING
The study was conducted in four fertility clinics in the Cape Coast Metropolis.
PARTICIPANTS
One hundred and twenty respondents (71 women and 49 men) were recruited by simple random sampling.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (v. 25). Psychological distress scores were presented as Mean±SD and were analysed using One-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. Associations between exposures and outcomes were measured using relative risk.
OUTCOME MEASURE
The main outcome measure was the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among infertile couples after unsuccessful pharmacotherapy.
RESULTS
Anxiety was the predominant psychological distress experienced by respondents (60.8%), followed by depression (43.3%) and stress (37.5%). Generally, psychological distress scores increased with age among female respondents but decreased with age for male respondents. The duration of infertility only significantly affected anxiety (=0.01) but not depression (=0.51) and stress (=0.06) levels. Approximately 31.7% of respondents reported experiencing extremely severe anxiety. Male respondents reported higher degree of depressive symptoms than females (46.9 vs. 40.8%).
CONCLUSION
Unsuccessful pharmacotherapy of infertility is associated with varied degrees of psychological distress among Ghanaian infertile couples, which can be affected by age, duration of infertility and gender.
FUNDING
None declared.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Ghana; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anxiety; Stress, Psychological; Depression; Psychological Distress; Infertility; Treatment Failure; Sex Factors; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Age Factors
PubMed: 38957853
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i4.4 -
Ghana Medical Journal Dec 2023To compare clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in a major treatment facility in Ghana. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
To compare clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in a major treatment facility in Ghana.
DESIGN
A retrospective study drawing on data from COVID-19 patients' records visiting the facility from March 2021 to December 2021.
SETTING
Ghana Infectious Disease Centre, Ga East Municipality, Greater Accra Region, Ghana.
PARTICIPANTS
In-patients and outpatients who reported to the facility from 1st March 2021 to December 2021 were included in the study, and patients with missing data on vaccination were excluded.
OUTCOME MEASURES
underlying conditions, symptoms, case management information, hospital service rendered (OPD, HDU or ICU), length of hospital stay, treatment outcome.
RESULTS
The study included 775 patient records comprising 615 OPD and 160 hospitalised cases. Less than one-third (26.25%; 42) of the patients hospitalised were vaccinated compared to almost 40.0% (39.02%; 240) of the patients seen at the OPD. Vaccinated individuals were nearly three times (aOR = 2.72, 95%CI:1.74-4.25) more likely to be managed on an outpatient basis as compared to the unvaccinated. The death rate among the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated were (0.71%; 2) and (3.45%; 17), respectively, with a significant reduction in the risk of dying among the vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated (aOR = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.028 0.554).
CONCLUSIONS
Less than half of the in-patient and OPD patients were vaccinated. Mild infections, fewer days of hospitalisation, outpatient treatment and higher chances of survival were associated with being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Prudent measures should be implemented to encourage the general public to take up SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
FUNDING
None declared.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Ghana; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19 Vaccines; Middle Aged; Adult; Hospitalization; Vaccination; SARS-CoV-2; Aged; Length of Stay; Young Adult; Adolescent
PubMed: 38957848
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i4.6