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Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Oct 2018Objective To investigate the associations of socioeconomic factors,nutrients intake,and gut microbiota of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester with gestational...
Objective To investigate the associations of socioeconomic factors,nutrients intake,and gut microbiota of healthy pregnant women in the third trimester with gestational weight gain (GWG).Methods We recruited 98 pregnant women in the third trimester who had received antenatal care in the Department of Obstetrics Gynecology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October,2015 to May,2016. We collected socioeconomic information through a structured questionnaire covering age,ethnicity,height,pre-pregnancy weight,and education. Nutritional status of these pregnant women was assessed by a 24-hour dietary intake recall. The participants were provided with collective tubes for faecal sample collection at home;their weight before the delivery was recorded. The pre-pregnancy weight and GWG were classified according to World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) standard for adults and the Institute of Medicine GWG guidelines (2009),respectively. The gut microbiota of the participants were analyzed using a whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing method.Results Insufficient and excessive GWG accounted for 15.3% and 50.0% of the cohort,respectively. Appropriate GWG level was associated with intakes of fat (F=3.113,P=0.049),carbohydrates (F=3.750,P=0.027),and dietary fiber (F=4.499,P=0.014) but not with age (F=2.495,P=0.088),ethnicity (Χ =0.065,P=0.968),education (Χ =0.827,P=0.661),or pre-pregnancy BMI (F=0.121,P=0.887). Compared with the participants with appropriate GWG,those with excessive GWG had significantly higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila,Atopobium parvulum,and Alistipes indistinctus as well as lower abundance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Weissella unclassified,Eubacterium ventriosum,Ruminococcus torques,and Bacteroides uniformis. Compared with the participants with appropriate GWG,those with insufficient GWG had significantly higher abundance of Dialister invisus,Alistipes unclassified,Peptoniphilus harei,Escherichia unclassified,Parvimonas unclassified,Campylobacter ureolyticus,Lactobacillus crispatus,and Fusobacterium nucleatum and lower abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum.Conclusions Abnormal GWG is common in pregnant women. GWG is significantly associated with gut microbiota as well as with nutritional factors including fat,carbohydrate,and dietary fiber intake.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diet; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Nutrients; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 30404694
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.10505 -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2018To investigate the characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity and the differences in microbial composition, gene function and metabolic pathways...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity and the differences in microbial composition, gene function and metabolic pathways of salivary microbiome between people with obesity and normal weight controls.
METHODS
The study was carried out in people with obesity and age- and sex-matched normal weight controls. None of these selected participants had the systemic disease, oral mucosal disease or periodontal disease. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and oral examination was conducted. DNAs from saliva samples were extracted and sequenced in an Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Community composition, linear discriminant analysis of taxonomic differences,gene prediction, gene set construction and annotation of gene function were performed.
RESULTS
The classified bacterial reads of the samples were 2 630 428 for each sample. A total of 11 phyla, 19 classes, 26 orders, 41 families, 62 genera and 164 species were detected ultimately. All samples had the same predominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria). There were statistical differences between the groups at the class, order, family, genus and species levels. At the class level, Negativicutes and Erysipelotrichia were more abundant in the obesity group, while Flavobacteriia and Bateroidetes dominated in normal weight group (P<0.05). At the species level, 16 showed significant differences in relative abundance among the groups, in which Prevotella melaninogenica,Prevotella salivae,Solobacterium moorei and Atopobium parvulum ware more abundant in the obesity group, whereas Streptococcus sanguinis dominated in normal weight group (P<0.05). The people with obesity had a higher number of salivary microbial genes (P<0.05). We produced statistics on gene prediction and found salivary microbiome of obesity group had a higher number of genes (P < 0.05). Genes associated with the pathways of metabolism and environmental information processing and human diseases were significantly enriched in the saliva samples of people with obesity (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Significant differences were seen in composition, gene function and metabolic pathways of salivary microbiome between people with obesity and normal weight people. We hope to go on further study with larger sample size in the near future.
Topics: Bacteria; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Obesity; Pilot Projects; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 29483715
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Communications Nov 2016Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is associated with Crohn's disease (CD). However, the mechanisms leading to the chronic mucosal inflammation that characterizes this...
Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is associated with Crohn's disease (CD). However, the mechanisms leading to the chronic mucosal inflammation that characterizes this disease remain unclear. In this report, we use systems-level approaches to study the interactions between the gut microbiota and host in new-onset paediatric patients to evaluate causality and mechanisms of disease. We report an altered host proteome in CD patients indicative of impaired mitochondrial functions. In particular, mitochondrial proteins implicated in HS detoxification are downregulated, while the relative abundance of HS microbial producers is increased. Network correlation analysis reveals that Atopobium parvulum controls the central hub of HS producers. A. parvulum induces pancolitis in colitis-susceptible interleukin-10-deficient mice and this phenotype requires the presence of the intestinal microbiota. Administrating the HS scavenger bismuth mitigates A. parvulum-induced colitis in vivo. This study reveals that host-microbiota interactions are disturbed in CD and thus provides mechanistic insights into CD pathogenesis.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Germ-Free Life; Humans; Interleukin-10; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Phylogeny
PubMed: 27876802
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13419 -
Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2012To investigate the antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin-producing strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 against several bacteria involved in halitosis.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin-producing strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 against several bacteria involved in halitosis.
DESIGN
The inhibitory activity of S. salivarius K12 against Solobacterium moorei CCUG39336, four clinical S. moorei isolates, Atopobium parvulum ATCC33793 and Eubacterium sulci ATCC35585 was examined by a deferred antagonism test. Eubacterium saburreum ATCC33271 and Parvimonas micra ATCC33270, which have been tested in previous studies, served as positive controls, and the Gram-negative strain Bacteroides fragilis ZIB2800 served as a negative control. Additionally, the occurrence of resistance in S. moorei CCUG39336 to S. salivarius K12 was analysed by either direct plating or by passage of S. moorei CCUG39336 on chloroform-inactived S. salivarius K12-containing agar plates.
RESULTS
S. salivarius K12 suppressed the growth of all Gram-positive bacteria tested, but the extent to which the bacteria were inhibited varied. E. sulci ATCC35585 was the most sensitive strain, while all five S. moorei isolates were inhibited to a lesser extent. Natural resistance seems to be very low in S. moorei CCUG39336, and there was only a slight decrease in sensitivity after exposure to S. salivarius K12 over 10 passages.
CONCLUSION
Our studies demonstrate that S. salivarius K12 has antimicrobial activity against bacteria involved in halitosis. This strain might be an interesting and valuable candidate for the development of an antimicrobial therapy for halitosis.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Administration, Oral; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriocins; Eubacterium; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Halitosis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Linear Models; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Probiotics; Streptococcus
PubMed: 22405584
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.011 -
Standards in Genomic Sciences Jun 2010
PubMed: 21304720
DOI: 10.4056/sigs.992408 -
Standards in Genomic Sciences Sep 2009Atopobium parvulum (Weinberg et al. 1937) Collins and Wallbanks 1993 comb. nov. is the type strain of the species and belongs to the genomically yet unstudied...
Atopobium parvulum (Weinberg et al. 1937) Collins and Wallbanks 1993 comb. nov. is the type strain of the species and belongs to the genomically yet unstudied Atopobium/Olsenella branch of the family Coriobacteriaceae. The species A. parvulum is of interest because its members are frequently isolated from the human oral cavity and are found to be associated with halitosis (oral malodor) but not with periodontitis. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence, and annotation. This is the first complete genome sequence of the genus Atopobium, and the 1,543,805 bp long single replicon genome with its 1369 protein-coding and 49 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.
PubMed: 21304653
DOI: 10.4056/sigs.29547 -
Oral Diseases Apr 2008Compare the microbial profiles on the tongue dorsum in patients with halitosis and control subjects in a UK population using culture-independent techniques.
AIM
Compare the microbial profiles on the tongue dorsum in patients with halitosis and control subjects in a UK population using culture-independent techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Halitosis patients were screened according to our recently developed recruitment protocol. Scrapings from the tongue dorsum were obtained for 12 control subjects and 20 halitosis patients. Bacteria were identified by PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
RESULTS
The predominant species found in the control samples were Lysobacter-type species, Streptococcus salivarius, Veillonella dispar, unidentified oral bacterium, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Atopobium parvulum and Veillonella atypica. In the halitosis samples, Lysobacter-type species, S. salivarius, Prevotella melaninogenica, unidentified oral bacterium, Prevotella veroralis and Prevotella pallens were the most commonly found species. For the control samples, 13-16 (4.7-5.8%) of 276 clones represented uncultured species, whereas in the halitosis samples, this proportion increased to 6.5-9.6% (36-53 of 553 clones). In the control samples, 22 (8.0%) of 276 clones represented potentially novel phylotypes, and in the halitosis samples, this figure was 39 (7.1%) of 553 clones.
CONCLUSIONS
The microflora associated with the tongue dorsum is complex in both the control and halitosis groups, but several key species predominate in both groups.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Biofilms; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods; Halitosis; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tongue
PubMed: 18336372
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01371.x -
Journal of Dental Research May 2003Recent investigations of the human subgingival oral flora based on ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing have shown many of the bacterial species present to be novel...
Recent investigations of the human subgingival oral flora based on ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing have shown many of the bacterial species present to be novel species or phylotypes. The purpose of the present investigation was to identify potential periodontal pathogens among these newly identified species and phylotypes. Species-specific ribosomal 16S primers for PCR amplification were developed for detection of new species. Associations with chronic periodontitis were observed for several new species or phylotypes, including uncultivated clones D084 and BH017 from the Deferribacteres phylum, AU126 from the Bacteroidetes phylum, Megasphaera clone BB166, clone X112 from the OP11 phylum, and clone I025 from the TM7 phylum, and the named species Eubacterium saphenum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella denticola, and Cryptobacterium curtum. Species or phylotypes more prevalent in periodontal health included two uncultivated phylotypes, clone W090 from the Deferribacteres phylum and clone BU063 from the Bacteroidetes, and named species Atopobium rimae and Atopobium parvulum.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Case-Control Studies; Chi-Square Distribution; Chronic Disease; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 12709498
DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200503 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2003The primary purpose of the present study was to compare the microbial profiles of the tongue dorsa of healthy subjects and subjects with halitosis by using... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The primary purpose of the present study was to compare the microbial profiles of the tongue dorsa of healthy subjects and subjects with halitosis by using culture-independent molecular methods. Our overall goal was to determine the bacterial diversity on the surface of the tongue dorsum as part of our ongoing efforts to identify all cultivable and not-yet-cultivated species of the oral cavity. Tongue dorsum scrapings were analyzed from healthy subjects with no complaints of halitosis and subjects with halitosis, defined as an organoleptic score of 2 or more and volatile sulfur compound levels greater than 200 ppb. 16S rRNA genes from DNA isolated from tongue dorsum scrapings were amplified by PCR with universally conserved bacterial primers and cloned into Escherichia coli. Typically, 50 to 100 clones were analyzed from each subject. Fifty-one strains isolated from the tongue dorsa of healthy subjects were also analyzed. Partial sequences of approximately 500 bases of cloned inserts from the 16S rRNA genes of isolates were compared with sequences of known species or phylotypes to determine species identity or closest relatives. Nearly complete sequences of about 1,500 bases were obtained for potentially novel species or phylotypes. In an analysis of approximately 750 clones, 92 different bacterial species were identified. About half of the clones were identified as phylotypes, of which 29 were novel to the tongue microbiota. Fifty-one of the 92 species or phylotypes were detected in more than one subject. Those species most associated with healthy subjects were Streptococcus salivarius, Rothia mucilaginosa, and an uncharacterized species of Eubacterium (strain FTB41). Streptococcus salivarius was the predominant species in healthy subjects, as it represented 12 to 40% of the total clones analyzed from each healthy subject. Overall, the predominant microbiota on the tongue dorsa of healthy subjects was different from that on the tongue dorsa of subjects with halitosis. Those species most associated with halitosis were Atopobium parvulum, a phylotype (clone BS095) of Dialister, Eubacterium sulci, a phylotype (clone DR034) of the uncultivated phylum TM7, Solobacterium moorei, and a phylotype (clone BW009) of STREPTOCOCCUS: On the basis of our ongoing efforts to obtain full 16S rRNA sequences for all cultivable and not-yet-cultivated species that colonize the oral cavity, there are now over 600 species.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Halitosis; Humans; Tongue
PubMed: 12574246
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.2.558-563.2003 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Nov 2001The genus Eubacterium currently includes a heterogeneous group of gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacilli, many of which are slow growing, fastidious and...
The genus Eubacterium currently includes a heterogeneous group of gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacilli, many of which are slow growing, fastidious and generally unreactive in biochemical tests. As a consequence, cultivation and identification of isolates are difficult and the taxonomy of the group remains indifferent. In this study, 105 isolates from odontogenic infections, infections associated with dental implants or saliva from healthy subjects and provisionally assigned to the genus Eubacterium were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic analysis. Ninety-one of the isolates were identified as belonging to one of 14 previously described species: Atopobium parvulum (5 isolates), A. rimae (29), Bulleidia extructa (2), Cryptobacterium curtum (1), Dialister pneumosintes (1), Eubacterium saburreum (2), E. sulci (8), E. yurii subsp. yurii (1), Filifactor alocis (3), Lactobacillus uli (1), Mogibacterium timidum (13), M. vescum (6), Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus (6) and Slackia exigua (13). The remaining 14 isolates did not correspond to existing species. This study confirms the diversity of organisms provisionally assigned to the genus Eubacterium by conventional identification methods. This group of organisms is frequently isolated from oral infections but their role in the aetiology of these conditions has yet to be determined.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Implants; Eubacterium; Genes, rRNA; Genotype; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Phenotype; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11699590
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-50-11-947