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Journal of Medical Virology May 2023The vaginal microbiome has emerged as potentially influencing the natural history of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their clinical impact. We aimed to...
The vaginal microbiome has emerged as potentially influencing the natural history of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their clinical impact. We aimed to characterize the vaginal microbiome in samples from 807 high-risk HPVs (Hr-HPV) positive women with a mean age of 41.45 ± 10.79 years who participated in the Regional Cervical Cancer Screening Program from the Northern Region of Portugal. Microbiome analysis was performed with commercial kits for the detection of 21 microorganisms. The most frequent microorganisms were Ureaplasma parvum (52.5%), Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) (34.5%), Atopobium vaginae (AV) (32.6%), Lacto (30.7%), and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) (23.5%). The distribution according to age reveals that MH, Mega1, GV, BVab2, AV, and Mob were more prevalent in women older than 41 years of age (p < 0.050), while Lacto is significantly decreased in this group (23.5% vs. 39.4%, p < 0.001; RR = 0.47). The risk analysis showed that Hr-HPV-16/-18 and Hr-HPV-9val genotypes are associated with an increased risk of developing cervical abnormalities, while Lacto (p < 0.001; odd ratio [OR] = 0.33), GV (p = 0.0111; OR = 0.41), AV (p = 0.033; OR = 0.53) and Mob (p = 0.022; OR = 0.29) are associated with protection. Similar results were found for the risk of development atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Overall, the multivariate analysis confirmed that lactobacillus and bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (GV, AV, and Mob) are associated with protection against the development of cervical abnormalities. This study provides important data to be included in the future management of risk stratification for Hr-HPV-positive women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Papillomavirus Infections; Early Detection of Cancer; Microbiota; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 37212334
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28762 -
Journal of Reproductive Immunology Jun 2023There have been few studies concerning an association between unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and the microbiome. A recent study including 67 patients...
There have been few studies concerning an association between unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and the microbiome. A recent study including 67 patients demonstrated that an increase in Ureaplasma species in the endometrium raised the risk of miscarriage with an euploid karyotype. While endometrial sampling is invasive, cervicovaginal sampling is not. We compared vaginal and cervical microbiomes with a 16 S ribosomal RNA sequence between 88 patients with unexplained RPL and 17 healthy women with no history of miscarriage. We prospectively assessed risk factors for maternal colonization at a subsequent miscarriage without an aneuploid karyotype in patients. Cervicovaginal bacteria were dominated by Lactobacillus iners, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Bifidobacterium breve in Japanese population. The proportions of Delftia and unknown bacteria in the cervix were significantly higher in patients with RPL than in controls. Streptococcus, Microbacterium, Delftia, Anaerobacillus and Chloroplast in the cervix were significantly higher in patients with a history of chorioamnionitis compared to the controls. The abundance of Cutibacterium and Anaerobacillus in the cervix was significantly higher in patients who had subsequently miscarried compared to those who gave birth. The miscarriage rate in patients with higher proportions of both Cutibacterium and Anaerobacillus (66.7%, 2/3) was significantly greater than that of patients who lacked these bacteria (9.2%, 6/65, adjusted odds ratio 16.90, 95% confidence interval 1.27-225.47, p = 0.032). The presence of certain bacteria could be a predictor of subsequent miscarriage without an aneuploid karyotype. The cervicovaginal microbiome might be useful for investigating a possible cause of RPL.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Vagina; Cervix Uteri; Abortion, Habitual; Aneuploidy; Microbiota
PubMed: 37060795
DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103944 -
Oncology Letters Apr 2023Cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancer are the three most common types of gynecologic cancer. As a hub, the vagina connects the site of gynecological cancer with the... (Review)
Review
Cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancer are the three most common types of gynecologic cancer. As a hub, the vagina connects the site of gynecological cancer with the external environment. Lactobacilli participate in the formation of a healthy vaginal microenvironment as the first line of defense against pathogen invasion; a dysbiotic vaginal microenvironment loses its original protective function and is associated with the onset, metastasis, poor efficacy and poor prognosis of gynecological cancer. The early diagnosis of cancer is the key to improve the survival time of patients with cancer. The screening of and , and other microbial markers, can assist the diagnosis of gynecological cancer, and screen out the high-risk population as early as possible. With the in-depth study of the microbes in tumor tissues, reasearchers have analyzed the immunological associations of microorganisms in tumor tissues. Due to the structural-functional interconnection between the organ of gynecological tumorigenesis and the vagina, the present study aims to review the relationship between vaginal and tumor microorganisms and gynecological cancer in terms of occurrence, screening, treatment and prognosis.
PubMed: 36936020
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13739 -
Journal of Women's Health (2002) May 2023The vaginal microbiome (VMB) plays an important role in the persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and differs by race and among women with cervical...
The vaginal microbiome (VMB) plays an important role in the persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and differs by race and among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We explored these relationships using 16S rRNA VMB taxonomic profiles of 3050 predominantly Black women. VMB profiles were assigned to three subgroups based on taxonomic markers indicative of vaginal wellness: optimal (, , and ), moderate (), and suboptimal (, , , and others). Multivariable Firth logistic regression models were adjusted for age, smoking, VMB, HPV, and pregnancy status. VMB prevalence by subgroup was 18%, 30%, and 51% for the optimal, moderate, and suboptimal groups, respectively. In fully adjusted models, the risk of CIN grade 3 (CIN3) among non-Latina (nL) Blacks was twice that of nL Whites (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 3.9, = 0.02). The VMB modified this association ( = 0.04) such that the risk of CIN3 was significantly higher for nL Blacks than for nL Whites only among women with optimal VMBs (OR = 7.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 74.5, = 0.007). Within racial groups, the risk of CIN3 was only elevated among nL White women with suboptimal VMBs (OR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 56.9, = 0.02) compared with their racial counterparts with optimal VMBs. Our findings suggest that race is a modifier of the VMB in HPV carcinogenesis. An optimal VMB does not appear to be protective for nL Black women compared with nL White women.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Papillomavirus Infections; Vagina; Microbiota; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 36897755
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0309 -
Revista Peruana de Medicina... 2022Motivation for the study: bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection that frequently affects women of reproductive age. The treatment is based on synthetic...
OBJECTIVE.
Motivation for the study: bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection that frequently affects women of reproductive age. The treatment is based on synthetic antimicrobials. Bixa orellana L. possesses antimicrobial properties and could represent a potential non-synthetic therapeutic alternative. Main findings: in vitro results suggest that, methanolic extract of Bixa orellana L. leaves possesses potential antimicrobial properties against bacteria associated to bacterial vaginosis. Implications: to identify new sources with therapeutic potential, and to promote research, discovery, and characterization of non-synthetic antimicrobials. To describe the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of Bixa orellana L. leaves against anaerobic bacteria associated to bacterial vaginosis and Lactobacillus spp.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.
Eight ATCC reference strains; Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Peptococcus niger, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Mobiluncus curtisii, Atopobium vaginae, Veillonella parvula, and Lactobacillus crispatus, and twenty-two clinical isolates; eleven Gardnerella vaginalis and eleven Lactobacillus strains, were included in the study. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by using agar dilution and a modified dilution plating method, respectively.
RESULTS.
All ATCC reference strains showed high levels of susceptibility to the extract, except P. vibia, V. parvula and L. crispatus. Interestingly, all G. vaginalis clinical isolates and the G. vaginalis ATTC strain were the most susceptible to the extract, given their low MIC (1.0 - 2.0 mg/mL) and MBC (1.0 - 4.0 mg/mL) values, whereas, the Lactobacillus spp. clinical isolates and the L. crispatus ATCC strain were the least susceptible bacteria given their high MIC (32.0 mg/mL) and MBC (≥ 32.0 mg/mL) values.
CONCLUSIONS.
In vitro experiments suggest that the extract possesses selective antimicrobial properties given its high activity against bacterial vaginosis-associated anaerobic bacteria and low activity against Lactobacillus species.
Topics: Female; Humans; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bixaceae; Lactobacillus; Agar; Bacteria
PubMed: 36888802
DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2022.394.11978 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common disease in women of childbearing age and is caused by the growth of abnormal microbiota in the vagina. Probiotic consumption... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common disease in women of childbearing age and is caused by the growth of abnormal microbiota in the vagina. Probiotic consumption can be an effective alternative treatment to preserve or improve vaginal health. In the present study, MED-01, a complex of five strains of probiotic candidates isolated from the vagina of Korean women, was used. This study was designed as a 12-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MED-01 on vaginal health. A total of 101 reproductive-aged women with a Nugent score of 4-6 took MED-01 (5.0 × 10 CFU) or a placebo once a day, and 76 participants completed the procedure. MED-01 significantly reduced the Nugent score compared with the placebo. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that was significantly increased in the vagina, whereas harmful bacteria such as spp., and were suppressed after 12 weeks of MED-01 ingestion. No adverse events to the test food supplements were observed in the participants. These results confirmed that MED-01 can be used as a probiotic for treating BV, as it improves the vaginal microbiota.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Probiotics; Gardnerella vaginalis; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36678202
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020331 -
Biology Dec 2022Background: The vaginal microbiome is closely associated with the onset and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV). In the present study, the state of vaginal microbiota...
Background: The vaginal microbiome is closely associated with the onset and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV). In the present study, the state of vaginal microbiota during the onset and post-treatment asymptomatic stages of BV were compared to that of a healthy population to evaluate the changes in different characteristic bacteria during the onset, progression, and remission of BV. Methods: A case−control study was performed to explore these changes. Women with clinical symptoms of BV were divided into the disease group (M) and case−control group (C) based on the Nugent score. Subjects in the disease group whose symptoms were resolved after the treatment were assigned to the treated group (T) and healthy subjects were recruited into the normal control (N) group. The V3−V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: The N harbored the highest number of detected species and a higher abundance of microbiota; they had a significantly higher abundance of Lactobacillus and different bacterial community composition compared to the other three groups. In group M, Gardnerella vaginalis was the dominant species, whereas Lactobacillus iners was predominant in the other three groups. While Lactobacillus was more commonly present in Group C compared to group M. it was significantly increased in group T. Alpha diversity analysis of bacterial communities revealed significant differences in community richness and diversity among all four groups (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the distribution of various bacterial communities among the different groups were also observed (p < 0.05). Specifically, the abundance of eight bacterial taxa (Megasphaera, Aerococcus christensenii, Clostridiales, Gardnerella, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonellaceae, Akkermansia, Coriobacteriales) differed significantly among the four groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Significant differences in the composition and alpha diversity of the vaginal microbiota at different stages of BV and the distribution of bacterial communities were observed among the investigated groups. In addition to Gardnerella, Sneathia sanguinegens and Prevotella timonensis play an important role in the pathogenesis of BV. The appearance of BV-like clinical symptoms was closely associated with the decrease in Prevotella and Atopobium vaginae populations.
PubMed: 36552306
DOI: 10.3390/biology11121797 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Bacterial vaginosis is characterized as a polymicrobial dysbiosis with the loss of spp. and growth of multiple anerobic bacteria, including , and ranked as the top...
Bacterial vaginosis is characterized as a polymicrobial dysbiosis with the loss of spp. and growth of multiple anerobic bacteria, including , and ranked as the top three most abundant. A total of nine genomospecies have been identified, yet the association between their distribution or any exact species with BV occurrence or prognosis remains controversial. A total of 308 patients and 62 healthy women who sought annual examinations were recruited, with 130 BV patients and 41 healthy women who met our inclusion criteria finally included. Vaginal samples were used for microscopic examination, 16S rRNA sequencing, bacterial culture and isolation. Isolates of , (used to be called ) and were used for competition tests. We found that the relative abundances of , and were elevated in BV patients compared to healthy people (p<0.0001), yet no significant differences were found among patients with different clinical outcomes (p>0.05). Seven out of nine genomospecies were present in both BV patients and healthy women, and the relative abundances of all detected genomospecies were higher in BV patients (p<0.05). Cured patients possessed higher GS03 than intermediate and failed patients (p=0.005, 0.0337). was significantly higher in cured patients than in the other two groups (p=0.0021, p<0.0001), and its ability to inhibit the growth of and was validated. In summary, seven genomospecies were detected in Chinese BV patients, but no association of its distribution and BV occurrence or prognosis was found. The relative abundance of was higher in cured patients, and its antimicrobial activity against and was validated through inhibition experiment. could become a predictive indicator of clinical outcomes of BV patients, and its antimicrobial function might be beneficial to BV patients.
Topics: Humans; Female; Gardnerella; Vaginosis, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Lactobacillus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 36483454
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1033431 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer. More and more studies discovered that cervical microbiota (CM) composition correlated with...
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer. More and more studies discovered that cervical microbiota (CM) composition correlated with HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer. However, more studies need to be implemented to clarify the complex interaction between microbiota and the mechanism of disease development, especially in a specific area of China.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, 16S rDNA sequencing was applied on 276 Thin-prep Cytologic Test (TCT) samples of patients from the Sanmenxia area. Systematical analysis of the microbiota structure, diversity, group, and functional differences between different HPV infection groups and age groups, and co-occurrence relationships of the microbiota was carried out.
RESULTS
The major microbiota compositions of all patients include , , , and at species level, and , , , , , and in genus level. Microbiota diversity was found significantly different between HPV-positive (Chao1 index: 98.8869, < 0.01), unique-268 infected (infections with one of the HPV genotype 52, 56, or 58, 107.3885, < 0.01), multi-268 infected (infections with two or more of HPV genotype 52, 56, and 58, 97.5337, = 0.1012), other1 (94.9619, < 0.05) groups and HPV-negative group (83.5299). Women older than 60 years old have higher microbiota diversity (108.8851, < 0.01, = 255) than younger women (87.0171, = 21). The abundance of and was significantly higher in the HPV-positive group than in the HPV-negative group, while and were more abundant in the unique-268 group compared to the negative group. and were found more abundant in older than 60 patients than younger groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) analysis revealed the effects on metabolism by microbiota that the metabolism of cells, proteins, and genetic information-related pathways significantly differed between HPV-negative and positive groups. In contrast, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and cell cycle metabolism pathway significantly differed between multi-268 and negative groups.
CONCLUSION
The HPV infection status and age of women were related to CM's diversity and function pathways. The complex CM co-occurrent relationships and their mechanism in disease development need to be further investigated.
PubMed: 36312946
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1004664 -
Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2022Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in most populations globally. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain a key...
Microbiological and behavioral determinants of genital HPV infections among adolescent girls and young women warrant the need for targeted policy interventions to reduce HPV risk.
BACKGROUND
Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in most populations globally. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remain a key population group at risk for HPV infection. However, the risk factors of HPV infection among AGYW, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, are a subject of little investigation in published literature. Here, we investigated the factors associated with HPV infection among unvaccinated South African AGYW with a high HPV burden (prevalence: 76.1%).
METHODS
We retrospectively recruited 213 AGYW learners (aged 15-25 years) from a previous cross-sectional study, the HPV Education Intervention Study, conducted in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), bacterial pathobionts, genital ulcers (due to infectious causes), candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the self-collected vaginal specimens were determined using the Allplex™ Panel Assays. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA v16.1. Continuous and categorical variables were computed by -test /Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine the univariable predictors of HPV infection.
RESULTS
The overall detection rate of any viral STI, bacterial STI, pathobiont, genital ulcer, candidiasis, and BV among the AGYW was 75.0, 34.4, 90.7, 14.4, 26.9, and 43.6%, respectively. The main factors associated with HPV infection were alcohol consumption ( = 0.005), infection with any and multiple species ( = 0.011 and 0.006, respectively), infection ( = 0.010), pathobiont infection ( = 0.044), BV-associated bacteria (specifically : = 0.039, BV-associated bacteria 2: = 0.021, : = 0.021, type 1: = 0.037), and BV ( = 0.011).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study, albeit not necessarily generalizable, found social behavior as well as specific vaginal microbes as correlates of HPV infection among AGYW in South Africa. There is a need to investigate HPV epidemiology in other AGYW populations. The factors associated with genital HPV infection among AGYW burdened with HPV infection necessitate the need to formulate and implement population-specific public health strategies for creating HPV awareness and reducing its risk.
PubMed: 36303664
DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.887736