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Chemistry & Biodiversity Jun 2024Three new C and C aliphatic δ-lactones (1-3), three new fatty acid methyl esters (4-6), and eight known compounds (7-14) were isolated from the marine Aureobasidium sp....
Three new C and C aliphatic δ-lactones (1-3), three new fatty acid methyl esters (4-6), and eight known compounds (7-14) were isolated from the marine Aureobasidium sp. LUO5. Their structures were established by detailed analyses of the NMR, HRESIMS, optical rotation, and ECD data. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. Notably, compound 4 displayed the strongest inhibitory effect with the IC value of 120.3 nM.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Aureobasidium; Cell Line; Lipopolysaccharides; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Nitric Oxide; Lactones
PubMed: 38606561
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400507 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2024Selenium (Se) plays a critical role in diverse biological processes and is widely used across manufacturing industries. However, the contamination of Se oxyanions also...
Selenium (Se) plays a critical role in diverse biological processes and is widely used across manufacturing industries. However, the contamination of Se oxyanions also poses a major public health concern. Microbial transformation is a promising approach to detoxify Se oxyanions and produce elemental selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with versatile industrial potential. Yeast-like fungi are an important group of environmental microorganisms, but their mechanisms for Se oxyanions reduction remain unknown. In this study, we found that Aureobasidium melanogenum I15 can reduce 1.0 mM selenite by over 90% within 48 h and efficiently form intracellular or extracellular spherical SeNPs. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses disclosed that A. melanogenum I15 evolves a complicated selenite reduction mechanism involving multiple metabolic pathways, including the glutathione/glutathione reductase pathway, the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase pathway, the siderophore-mediated pathway, and multiple oxidoreductase-mediated pathways. This study provides the first report on the mechanism of selenite reduction and SeNPs biogenesis in yeast-like fungi and paves an alternative avenue for the bioremediation of selenite contamination and the production of functional organic selenium compounds.
Topics: Selenious Acid; Selenium; Ascomycota; Oxidation-Reduction; Nanoparticles; Metal Nanoparticles; Biodegradation, Environmental; Fungal Proteins; Proteomics
PubMed: 38579586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134204 -
Persoonia Jun 2023Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , on whitefly, on bark of , from soil under , on leaf spot of , and...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , on whitefly, on bark of , from soil under , on leaf spot of , and on leaf spot of . , on fully submersed siliceous schist in high-mountain streams, and on the lower part and apothecial discs of on a twig. , on decaying wood, from moist soil with leaf litter, on a trunk of a living unknown hardwood tree species, and on dead twigs of unidentified plant. , on sandy soil in a plantation of . , on dead bark of , and on dead bark of . , on fruit lesion of . , on corticioid , on sp. , on calcareous soils in dry forests and park habitats. , on sandy soil under , and on leaves of . , on decaying bark of logs, on unidentified woody substrate, from soil, on the trunk of , and on elephant dung. , on infected leaves of . , (incl. gen. nov.) from . , on acidic soil. , on dead leaf of , and on dead leaves of . , on dead culms of , (incl. gen. nov.) on culms of , (incl. gen. nov.) on branch of , on dead standing culms of , on culms of , and on dead bamboo sticks. , half-buried and moss-covered pieces of rotting wood in grass-grown path. , on soil. , (incl. gen. nov.) from resin of ssp. , from sooty mould community on , and from a gallery of on . , on mossy areas of laurel forest areas planted with , and from a biofilm covering a biodeteriorated limestone wall. , from hypersaline sea water, and from water sample collected from hypersaline lagoon. , on culm of , on , (incl. gen. nov.) on culms of , on nest of cases of bag worm moths () on , on leaves of , on stems of , from the roots of × , and (incl. gen. nov.) on leaf of . , on decaying leaves of sp. from pond. , on the bark of fallen trees of , from surface-sterilised, asymptomatic roots of , on soil in mixed forest, on calcareous soil in mixed forest, on acidic soils, from roots of × , on leaves of sp., and from soil. , on calcareous soil. , on pupa, buried in soil, on larva, buried in soil, and on pupa, buried in soil. , on dead leaf of . , on clay loamy soils. , (incl. gen. nov.) on leaves of . , on recently dead stem of , (incl. gen. nov.) from water, and from swab of coil surface. Morphological and culture characteristics for these new taxa are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Osieck ER, Shivas RG, et al. 2023. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1478-1549. Persoonia 50: 158- 310. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.05.
PubMed: 38567263
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.50.05 -
Journal of Food Science May 2024Xylanases are mainly utilized in bakery industry for the hydrolysis of dietary fiber-based fractions. Their applications in gluten-free products have not been considered...
Exploitation of Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-2311-1 xylanase in mulberry and rice flours-based gluten-free cookie formulation: Effects on dough properties and cookie characteristics.
Xylanases are mainly utilized in bakery industry for the hydrolysis of dietary fiber-based fractions. Their applications in gluten-free products have not been considered before. In the present study, the xylanase produced by Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-2311-1 was utilized in a mulberry and rice flours-based gluten-free cookie formulation for the first time. Effects of various xylanase concentrations on gluten-free dough rheology and cookie characteristics were elucidated. Only rice flour-based cookie and only wheat flour-based cookie formulations were also prepared as comparison. Incorporation of xylanase into all cookie recipes resulted in softer cookie doughs with lower absolute stickiness. The hardness and absolute stickiness of the cookie doughs prepared by the mixture of mulberry and rice flours decreased by the addition of the enzyme into the formulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Enzyme concentrations above 100 U/100 g flour did not provide statistically significant further changes on gluten-free cookie doughs. Incorporation of xylanase into the cookie recipes resulted in increased baking loss and spread ratio in an enzyme concentration-dependent manner for all cookie types. Hardness values of both types of gluten-free cookies decreased by xylanase incorporation. Different effects on fracturability were observed depending on the cookie type and enzyme concentration. Enzyme concentration of 100 U/100 g flour provided mulberry and rice flours-based cookies with a more flexible and softer structure. No significant effects on color parameters of cookies were observed by xylanase incorporation.
Topics: Flour; Oryza; Morus; Diet, Gluten-Free; Rheology; Ascomycota; Food Handling; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; Hardness; Cooking; Dietary Fiber; Triticum; Glutens
PubMed: 38563094
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17054 -
Biomolecules Mar 2024Sodin 5 is a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the seeds of L., an edible halophytic plant that is widespread in southern Europe, close to the coast....
Sodin 5 is a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the seeds of L., an edible halophytic plant that is widespread in southern Europe, close to the coast. This plant, known as 'agretti', is under consideration as a new potential crop on saline soils. Considering a possible defence role of sodin 5 in the plant, we report here its antifungal activity against different halophilic and halotolerant fungi. Our results show that sodin 5 at a concentration of 40 µg/mL (1.4 µM) was able to inhibit the growth of the fungi (35.3%), (24.4%), (18.2%), (12.2%), and (9.1%). The inhibition observed after 72 h was concentration-dependent. On the other hand, very slight growth inhibition was observed in the fungus (4.2%), which commonly inhabits salterns. In addition, sodin 5 showed a cytotoxic effect on the Sf9 insect cell line, decreasing the survival of these cells to 63% at 1.0 µg/mL (34.5 nM). Structural analysis of sodin 5 revealed that its N-terminal amino acid residue is blocked. Using mass spectrometry, sodin 5 was identified as a homologous to type 1 polynucleotide:adenosine glycosylases, commonly known as ribosome-inactivating proteins from the Amaranthaceae family. Twenty-three percent of its primary structure was determined, including the catalytic site.
Topics: Saporins; Salsola; Fungi; Antifungal Agents; Seeds; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 38540756
DOI: 10.3390/biom14030336 -
Archives of Microbiology Mar 2024Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts (PGPY) have garnered significant attention in recent years; however, research on PGPY from mangroves remains a largely unexplored frontier....
Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts (PGPY) have garnered significant attention in recent years; however, research on PGPY from mangroves remains a largely unexplored frontier. This study, therefore, focused on exploring the multifaceted plant growth-promoting (PGP) capabilities of yeasts isolated from mangroves of Puthuvype and Kumbalam. The present work found that manglicolous yeasts exhibited diverse hydrolytic properties, with the predominance of lipolytic activity, in addition to other traits such as phosphate solubilization, and production of indole acetic acid, siderophore, ammonia, catalase, nitrate, and hydrogen cyanide. After screening for 15 PGP traits, three strains P 9, PV 23, and KV 35 were selected as the most potent ones. These strains also exhibited antagonistic activity against fungal phytopathogens and demonstrated resilience to abiotic stresses, making them not only promising biocontrol agents but also suited for field application. The potent strains P 9, PV 23, and KV 35 were molecularly identified as Candida tropicalis, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Aureobasidium melanogenum, respectively. The potential of these strains in enhancing the growth performance of mangrove seedlings of Rhizophora mucronata, was demonstrated using the pot-experiment. The results suggested that the consortium of three potent strains (P 9, PV 23, and KV 35) was more effective in increasing the number of shoot branches (89.2%), plant weight (87.5%), root length (83.3%), shoot height (57.9%) and total leaf area (35.1%) than the control seedlings. The findings of this study underscore the significant potential of manglicolous yeasts in contributing to mangrove conservation and restoration efforts, offering a comprehensive understanding of their diverse plant growth-promoting mechanisms and highlighting their valuable role in sustainable ecosystem management.
Topics: Seedlings; Rhizophoraceae; Ecosystem; Ammonia; Candida tropicalis
PubMed: 38522061
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03913-9 -
International Journal of Biological... Apr 2024Curcumin is a multitargeting nutraceutical with numerous health benefits, however, its efficacy is limited due to poor aqueous solubility and reduced bioavailability....
Curcumin is a multitargeting nutraceutical with numerous health benefits, however, its efficacy is limited due to poor aqueous solubility and reduced bioavailability. While nano-formulation has emerged as an alternative to encounter such issues, it often involves use of toxic solvents. Microbial synthesis may be an innovative solution to address this lacuna. Present study, for the first time, reports exploitation of Aureobasidium pullulans RBF4A3 for production of nano-curcumin. For this purpose, Aureobasidium pullulans RBF4A3 was inoculated in YPD media along with curcumin (0.1 mg/mL) and incubated for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Subsequently, residual sugar, biomass, EPS concentration, curcumin concentration, and curcumin nanoparticle size were measured. As a result, nano-curcumin with an average particle size of 31.63 nm and enhanced aqueous solubility was obtained after 72 h. Further, investigations suggested that pullulan, a reducing polysaccharide, played a significant role in curcumin nano-formulation. Pullulan-mediated nano-curcumin formulation, with an average particle size of 24 nm was achieved with conversion rate of around 59.19 %, suggesting improved aqueous solubility. Additionally, the anti-oxidant assay of the resulting nano-curcumin was around 53.7 % per μg. Moreover, kinetics and thermodynamic studies of pullulan-based nano-curcumin revealed that it followed first-order kinetics and was favored by elevated temperature for efficient bio-conversion. Also, various physico-chemical investigations like FT-IR, NMR, and XRD reveal that pullulan backbone remains intact while forming curcumin nanoparticle. This study may open up new avenues for synthesizing nano-polyphenols through a completely green and solvent free process with plausible diverse applications.
Topics: Fermentation; Curcumin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Ascomycota; Water; Aureobasidium; Glucans
PubMed: 38521315
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131088 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... May 2024Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM) harbors a diverse microbial community. To assess the ecological dynamics and potential health...
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM) harbors a diverse microbial community. To assess the ecological dynamics and potential health risks associated with airborne microorganisms, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing microbial communities within PM. This study investigated the influence of abiotic parameters, including air pollutants, PM chemical composition (water-soluble ions and organics), and meteorological variables, on microbial communities in PM samples collected in Seoul during the spring season. Results revealed a significant correlation between air pollutants and water-soluble ions of PM with microbial α-diversity indices. Additionally, air pollutants exerted a dominant effect on the microbial community structure, with stronger correlations observed for fungi than bacteria, whereas meteorological variables including temperature, pressure, wind speed, and humidity exerted a limited influence on fungal α-diversity. Furthermore, the results revealed specific water-soluble ions, such as SO, NO, and NH, as important factors influencing fungal α-diversity, whereas K negatively correlated with both microbial α-diversity. Moreover, PM microbial diversity was affected by organic compounds within PM, with fatty acids exhibited a positive correlation with fungal diversity, while dicarboxylic acids exhibited a negative correlation with it. Furthermore, network analysis revealed direct links between air pollutants and dominant bacterial and fungal genera. The air pollutants exhibited a strong correlation with bacterial genera, such as Arthrospira and Clostridium, and fungal genera, including Aureobasidium and Cladosporium. These results will contribute to our understanding of the ecological dynamics of airborne microorganisms and provide insights into the potential risks associated with PM exposure.
Topics: Seasons; Seoul; Environmental Monitoring; Air Microbiology; Particulate Matter; Air Pollutants; Bacteria; Microbiota; Ions; Water
PubMed: 38518971
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123834 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2024Polyol lipids (a.k.a. liamocins) produced by the polyextremotolerant, yeast-like fungus are amphiphilic molecules with high potential to serve as biosurfactants. So...
Polyol lipids (a.k.a. liamocins) produced by the polyextremotolerant, yeast-like fungus are amphiphilic molecules with high potential to serve as biosurfactants. So far, cultivations of have been performed in media with complex components, which complicates further process optimization due to their undefined composition. In this study, we developed and optimized a minimal medium, focusing on biosurfactant production. Firstly, we replaced yeast extract and peptone in the best-performing polyol lipid production medium to date with a vitamin solution, a trace-element solution, and a nitrogen source. We employed a design of experiments approach with a factor screening using a two-level-factorial design, followed by a central composite design. The polyol lipid titer was increased by 56% to 48 g L, and the space-time yield from 0.13 to 0.20 g L h in microtiter plate cultivations. This was followed by a successful transfer to a 1 L bioreactor, reaching a polyol lipid concentration of 41 g L. The final minimal medium allows the investigation of alternative carbon sources and the metabolic pathways involved, to pinpoint targets for genetic modifications. The results are discussed in the context of the industrial applicability of this robust and versatile fungus.
PubMed: 38511129
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1379707 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Jun 2024The phyllosphere, a reservoir of diverse microbial life associated with plant health, harbors microbial communities that are subject to various complex ecological...
The phyllosphere, a reservoir of diverse microbial life associated with plant health, harbors microbial communities that are subject to various complex ecological processes acting at multiple scales. In this study, we investigated the determinants of the spatiotemporal variation in bacterial and fungal communities within the apple tree phyllosphere, employing 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing. Our research assessed the impact of key factors-plant compartment, site, time, and cultivar-on the composition and diversity of leaf and flower microbial communities. Our analyses, based on samples collected from three cultivars in three orchards in 2022, revealed that site and time are the strongest drivers of apple tree phyllosphere microbial communities. Conversely, plant compartment and cultivar exhibited minor roles in explaining community composition and diversity. Predominantly, bacterial communities comprised (25%) and (10%), while the most relatively abundant fungal genera included (27%) and (10%). Additionally, our results show a gradual decrease in alpha-diversity throughout the growth season. These findings emphasize the necessity to consider local microbial ecology dynamics in orchards, especially as many groups worldwide aim for the development of biocontrol strategies (e.g., by manipulating plant-microbe interactions). More research is needed to improve our understanding of the determinants of time and site-specific disparities within apple tree phyllosphere microbial communities across multiple years, locations, and cultivars.
Topics: Malus; Fungi; Bacteria; Microbiota; Plant Leaves; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Biodiversity; Mycobiome; Flowers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38452350
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0215