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Polymers Jan 2024Infections of agricultural crops caused by pathogen ic fungi are among the most widespread and harmful, as they not only reduce the quantity of the harvest but also...
Infections of agricultural crops caused by pathogen ic fungi are among the most widespread and harmful, as they not only reduce the quantity of the harvest but also significantly deteriorate its quality. This study aims to develop unique seed-coating formulations incorporating biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoate and pullulan) and beneficial microorganisms for plant protection against phytopathogens. A microbial association of biocompatible endophytic bacteria has been created, including D5, A2, B5, and D7. These strains exhibited agronomically valuable properties: synthesis of the phytohormone IAA (from 45.2 to 69.2 µg mL), antagonistic activity against and (growth inhibition zones from 1.8 to 3.0 cm), halotolerance (5-15% NaCl), and PHA production (2.77-4.54 g L). A pullulan synthesized by C7 showed a low viscosity rate (from 395 Pa·s to 598 Pa·s) depending on the concentration of polysaccharide solutions. Therefore, at 8.0%, / concentration, viscosity virtually remained unchanged with increasing shear rate, indicating that it exhibits Newtonian flow behavior. The effectiveness of various antifungal seed coating formulations has been demonstrated to enhance the tolerance of barley plants to phytopathogens.
PubMed: 38337265
DOI: 10.3390/polym16030376 -
Natural Product Research Feb 2024Three new griseofulvin derivatives, griseofulvinoside A-C (-), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the solid fermentation product of . Their structures were...
Three new griseofulvin derivatives, griseofulvinoside A-C (-), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the solid fermentation product of . Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR. The antifungal activities of new compounds were evaluated against four phytopathogenic fungi , and all test compounds demonstrated inhibitory effects. Among them, compound exhibited the most potent activities against the four selected phytopathogenic fungi with inhibitory rates ranging from 40.2 to 75.8% at 0.2 mg/mL.
PubMed: 38329014
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2312428 -
The Plant Pathology Journal Feb 2024The conservation of the endangered Korean fir, Abies koreana, is of critical ecological importance. In our previous study, a yeast-like fungus identified as...
The conservation of the endangered Korean fir, Abies koreana, is of critical ecological importance. In our previous study, a yeast-like fungus identified as Aureobasidium pullulans AK10, was isolated and shown to enhance drought tolerance in A. koreana seedlings. In this study, the effectiveness of Au. pullulans AK10 treatment in enhancing drought tolerance in A. koreana was confirmed. Furthermore, using transcriptome analysis, we compared A. koreana seedlings treated with Au. pullulans AK10 to untreated controls under drought conditions to elucidate the molecular responses involved in increased drought tolerance. Our findings revealed a predominance of downregulated genes in the treated seedlings, suggesting a strategic reallocation of resources to enhance stress defense. Further exploration of enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and protein-protein interaction networks revealed significant alterations in functional systems known to fortify drought tolerance, including the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, calcium signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and, crucially, flavonoid biosynthesis, renowned for enhancing plant drought resistance. These findings deepen our comprehension of how AK10 biostimulation enhances the resilience of A. koreana to drought stress, marking a substantial advancement in the effort to conserve this endangered tree species through environmentally sustainable treatment.
PubMed: 38326956
DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.FT.11.2023.0161 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jan 2024Honeybee (Apis mellifera) is an important agricultural pollinator and a model for sociality. In this study, a deep knowledge on yeast community characterizing the...
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) is an important agricultural pollinator and a model for sociality. In this study, a deep knowledge on yeast community characterizing the honeybees' environmental was carried out. For this, a total of 93 samples were collected: flowers as food sources, bee gut mycobiota, and bee products (bee pollen, bee bread, propolis), and processed using culture-dependent techniques and a molecular approach for identification. The occurrence of yeast populations was quantitatively similar among flowers, bee gut mycobiota, and bee products. Overall, 27 genera and 51 species were identified. Basidiomycetes genera were predominant in the flowers while the yeast genera detected in all environments were Aureobasidium, Filobasidium, Meyerozyma, and Metschnikowia. Fermenting species belonging to the genera Debaryomyces, Saccharomyces, Starmerella, Pichia, and Lachancea occurred mainly in the gut, while most of the identified species of bee products were not found in the gut mycobiota. Five yeast species, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, and Starmerella roseus, were present in both summer and winter, thus indicating them as stable components of bee mycobiota. These findings can help understand the yeast community as a component of the bee gut microbiota and its relationship with related environments, since mycobiota characterization was still less unexplored. In addition, the gut microbiota, affecting the nutrition, endocrine signaling, immune function, and pathogen resistance of honeybees, represents a useful tool for its health evaluation and could be a possible source of functional yeasts. KEY POINTS: • The stable yeast populations are represented by M. guilliermondii, D. hansenii, H. uvarum, H. guilliermondii, and S. roseus. • A. pullulans was the most abondance yeast detective in the flowers and honeybee guts. • Aureobasidium, Meyerozyma, Pichia, and Hanseniaspora are the main genera resident in gut tract.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Yeasts; Ascomycota; Pichia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Flowers
PubMed: 38276993
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12942-1 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Yeast species are a group of coexistent microorganisms in the oral cavity that can cause opportunistic infections in vulnerable individuals, including addicts. This...
Yeast species are a group of coexistent microorganisms in the oral cavity that can cause opportunistic infections in vulnerable individuals, including addicts. This study aimed to identify the yeast species profile responsible for oral yeast colonization (OYC) and the associated risk factors in patients with substance use disorder (SUD) in Ahvaz, Iran. Oral samples were collected from drug users hospitalized in 12 addiction treatment centers, and the related clinical information was mined. Oral yeast species were identified using 21-plex PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). A total of 244 yeast strains were identified from 245 individuals with substance abuse. Candida albicans was the most common species (37.7%) and non-albicans Candida was responsible for 57.7% of OYC, primarily C. dubliniensis (33.2%) and C. glabrata (11.9%). Moreover, uncommon oral yeasts constituted 5.3% of species, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia kluyveri, Geotrichum candidum, Magnusiomyces capitatus, Hanseniospora opuntiae, Wickerhamomyces subpelliculosus, Trichosporon asahii, and Aureobasidium pullulans. Importantly, OYC exhibited associations with such factors as duration of drug use, daily drug consumption rate, opioid utilization, oral drug administration, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) score. The present study is the pioneering investigation revealing the prevalence and diversity of oral yeast species, along with associated risk factors, in individuals with SUD in southwestern Iran. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of developing efficient and cost-effective diagnostic methods tailored for resource-constrained settings.
Topics: Humans; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Drug Users; Iran; Phylogeny; Yeast, Dried
PubMed: 38253731
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52105-4 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The zoonotic pathogens spp. infection disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier function and induced local gastroenteritis and systemic inflammation in humans and...
Sophy β-Glucan from the Black Yeast Attenuates -Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Injury in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers via Exerting Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties.
The zoonotic pathogens spp. infection disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier function and induced local gastroenteritis and systemic inflammation in humans and animals. Sophy β-glucan, a water-soluble β-1,3/1,6-glucan synthesized from the black yeast , was reported with immune-regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective properties. Here, we investigated the protective role of sophy β-glucan on serotype Enteritidis (SE)-challenged Caco-2 cells monolayer and explored underlying action mechanisms. The results showed that pretreatment with sophy β-glucan blocked the adhesion and invasion of SE onto Caco-2 cells along with alleviating SE-induced epithelial barrier injury, as evidenced by increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance, decreased fluorescently-labeled dextran 4 flux permeability, and an enhanced Claudin-4 protein level in the SE-stimulated Caco-2 cell monolayer. Moreover, treatment with β-glucan down-regulated pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) while up-regulating anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels in SE-infected Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, sophy β-glucan strengthened the anti-oxidative capacity of Caco-2 monolayers cells by elevating T-AOC and SOD activity and inhibiting MDA production defending SE. Together, our data showed that sophy β-glucan could prevent intestinal epithelial injury induced by SE, possibly by exerting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it might be helpful for controlling SE infection.
PubMed: 38247473
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010048 -
Food Microbiology May 2024This study aimed to evaluate and identify the microbial community attached to the surfaces of fermenter tanks used in table olive Negrinha de Freixo cultivar processing...
This study aimed to evaluate and identify the microbial community attached to the surfaces of fermenter tanks used in table olive Negrinha de Freixo cultivar processing through molecular analysis and verify if the cleaning/disinfection was done correctly. Four fermentation tanks previously used in table olive processing were sampled at three different inside areas: upper, middle, and lower. Before sampling, four cleaning/disinfection methods were applied to the tanks, including (i) pressurised water; (ii) a disinfectant product used to clean bowls (Vasiloxe); (iii) 10% sodium hydroxide solution (caustic soda liquid); and (iv) a disinfectant product used by the wine industry (Hosbit). For each sample collected, mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeast and moulds (YMC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as well as total coliforms (TC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated. The results showed significant differences between the different cleaning/disinfection methods applied. The fermenter sanitised with only pressurised water showed a greater abundance of microorganisms than the others. Mesophilic aerobic bacteria were the predominant population, with counts ranging between 2.63 and 5.56 log CFU/100 cm, followed by the moulds (3.11-5.03 log CFU/100 cm) and yeasts (2.42-5.12 log CFU/100 cm). High diversity of microbial communities was observed between the different fermenter tanks. The most abundant species belonged to Aureobasidium, Bacillaceae, Cladosporium, and Rhodotorula genera. LAB, TC, and P. aeruginosa were not detected. This study hopes to improve hygienic conditions and increase the quality assurance and safety of the final product.
Topics: Fermentation; Olea; Disinfection; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Yeasts; Lactobacillales; Disinfectants; Water; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 38225036
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104425 -
Phytopathology Jun 2024Root exudates play a key role in the life cycle of , the causal agent of Verticillium wilt diseases, because they induce microsclerotia germination to initiate plant...
Root Exudates Metabolic Profiling Confirms Distinct Defense Mechanisms Between Cultivars and Treatments with Beneficial Microorganisms and Phosphonate Salts Against Verticillium Wilt in Olive Trees.
Root exudates play a key role in the life cycle of , the causal agent of Verticillium wilt diseases, because they induce microsclerotia germination to initiate plant infection through the roots. In olive plants, the genotype and the application of biological control agents (BCAs) or phosphonate salts influence the ability of root exudates to decrease viability. Understanding the chemical composition of root exudates could provide new insights into the mechanisms of olive plant defense against . Therefore, the main goal of this study was to analyze the metabolomic profiles of root exudates collected from the olive cultivars Arbequina, Frantoio, and Picual subjected to treatment with BCAs ( AP08, PAB-024) or phosphonate salts (copper phosphite, potassium phosphite). These treatments were selected due to their effectiveness as inducers of resistance against Verticillium wilt in olive plants. Our metabolomic analysis revealed that the olive cultivars exhibited differences in root exudates, which could be related to the different degrees of susceptibility to . The composition of root exudates also changed with the application of BCAs or phosphonate fertilizer, highlighting the complex and dynamic nature of the interactions between olive cultivars and treatments preventing infections. Thus, the identification of genotype-specific metabolic changes and specific metabolites induced by these treatments emphasizes the potential of resistance inducers for enhancing plant defense and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms.
Topics: Olea; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots; Plant Exudates; Ascomycota; Metabolome; Organophosphonates; Metabolomics; Disease Resistance; Verticillium
PubMed: 38205807
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0406-R -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Pullulan, which is a microbial exopolysaccharide, has found widespread applications in foods, biomedicines, and cosmetics. Despite its versatility, most wild-type...
Pullulan, which is a microbial exopolysaccharide, has found widespread applications in foods, biomedicines, and cosmetics. Despite its versatility, most wild-type strains tend to yield low levels of pullulan production, and their mutants present genetic instability, achieving a limited increase in pullulan production. Therefore, mining new wild strains with robust pullulan-producing abilities remains an urgent concern. In this study, we found a novel strain, namely, ZH27, that had a remarkable pullulan-producing capacity and optimized its cultivation conditions using the one-factor-at-a-time method. To elucidate the reasons that drove the hyper-production of pullulan, we scrutinized changes in cell morphology and gene expressions. The results reveal that strain ZH27 achieved 115.4 ± 1.82 g/L pullulan with a productivity of 0.87 g/L/h during batch fermentation within 132 h under the optimized condition (OC). This pullulan titer increased by 105% compared with the initial condition (IC). Intriguingly, under the OC, swollen cells featuring 1-2 large vacuoles predominated during a rapid pullulan accumulation, while these swollen cells with one large vacuole and several smaller ones were prevalent under the IC. Moreover, the expressions of genes associated with pullulan accumulation and by-product synthesis were almost all upregulated. These findings suggest that swollen cells and large vacuoles may play pivotal roles in the high level of pullulan production, and the accumulation of by-products also potentially contributes to pullulan synthesis. This study provides a novel and promising candidate for industrial pullulan production.
Topics: Fermentation; Aureobasidium; Fungi; Glucans
PubMed: 38203490
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010319 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024Results of an experiment named "Test" on survival and variability of microorganisms in open space near the International Space Station are presented. It was found after...
Results of an experiment named "Test" on survival and variability of microorganisms in open space near the International Space Station are presented. It was found after two-years exposure, spore-forming bacteria of the species Bacillus subtilis, fungi of the species Aureobasidium pullulans and archaea of the species Methanosarcina mazei S-6, deposited on cotton wool, are able to survive, and their numbers decreased equally, regardless of whether the microorganisms belong to different taxonomic groups. The main factors for the long-term survival could be the result of their dehydration and partial lyophilization in the vacuum of near-Earth space. For the first time, after being in outer space, cyst-like cells of the archaea strain M. mazei S-6 and a 14-day delay in their growth were detected when cultured on a nutrient medium compared to the ground-based control strain. In 30% of fungi species strains A. pullulans, isolated after a two-year stay in outer space, the resistance to γ-radiation increased compared to the control strain. It was found that the reaction to the action of various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and 1% chlorine in the surviving strains of the fungus A. pullulans on the ISS is less pronounced than in the control strain.
Topics: Space Flight; Extraterrestrial Environment; Bacteria; Archaea; Fungi
PubMed: 38172103
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49525-z