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BMC Plant Biology Oct 2023Microbial communities have occasionally been observed in part of the ephemeric reproductive structure of floral stigmas, but their prevalence, phylogenetic diversity and...
BACKGROUND
Microbial communities have occasionally been observed in part of the ephemeric reproductive structure of floral stigmas, but their prevalence, phylogenetic diversity and ecological roles are understudied. This report describes the first study of bacterial and fungal communities in immature and mature stigma tissue of the endangered holoparasitic plant Phelipanche arenaria. Culture-dependent methods coupled with next-generation sequencing indicated that a small surface of the flower stigma was an unexpectedly rich and diverse microhabitat for colonization of microbial. We also compared the enzymatic activity of the bacterial communities between immature and mature stigmas samples.
RESULTS
Using high-throughput sequencing methods, we identified and classified 39 to over 51 OTUs per sample for bacterial OTUs represented by Pantoea agglomerans and P. ananatis, comprising 50.6%, followed by Pseudomonas, Luteibacter spp., Sphingomonas spp. with 17% of total frequency. The bacterial profile of immature stigmas of P. arenaria contained unique microorganisms (21 of the most numerous OTUs) that were not confirmed in mature stigmas. However, the enzymatic activity of bacteria in mature stigmas of P. arenaria showed more activity than observed in immature stigmas. In the fungal profile, we recorded even 80 OTUs in mature stigmas, consisting of Capnodiales 45.03% of the total abundance with 28.27% of frequency was created by Alternaria eichhorniae (10.55%), Mycosphaerella tassiana (9.69%), and Aureobasidium pullulans (8.03%). Additionally, numerous putative plant growth-promoting bacteria, fungal pathogens and pathogen-antagonistic yeasts were also detected.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study uncovered that P. arenaria stigmas host diverse bacterial and fungal communities. These microorganisms are well known and have been described as beneficial for biotechnological and environmental applications (e.g., production of different enzymes and antimicrobial compounds). This research provided valuable insight into the parasitic plant-microbe interactions.
Topics: Phylogeny; Orobanchaceae; Microbiota; Bacteria; Flowers
PubMed: 37821804
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04488-1 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Recent advances in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), such as exon skipping and gene therapy, though have reached a clinical stage, the outcome at its...
Recent advances in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), such as exon skipping and gene therapy, though have reached a clinical stage, the outcome at its best is still considered suboptimal. In this study, we evaluated a novel N-163 strain of Aureobasidium pullulans produced β-glucan (Neu-REFIX) for its potential as an adjuvant to slow down the progression of the disease by anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. In this study, 45 mice in the three groups, 15 each in a group; Gr. 1 normal mice, Gr.2 mdx mice as vehicle, and Gr.3 mdx mice administered the N-163 β-glucan for 45 days. The N-163 β-glucan group showed a significant decrease in the plasma ALT, AST, and LDH levels (126 ± 69 U/l, 634 ± 371 U/l, 3335 ± 1258 U/l) compared with the vehicle group (177 ± 27 U/l, 912 ± 126 U/l, 4186 ± 398 U/l). Plasma TGF-β levels increased, and plasma IL-13 levels decreased in the N-163 group. The inflammation score of HE-stained muscle sections in the N-163 group (1.5 ± 0.8) was lower than that in the vehicle group (2.0 ± 0.8). The N-163 strain β-glucan group (24.22 ± 4.80) showed a significant decrease in the fibrosis area (Masson's Trichrome-positive area) compared with the vehicle group (36.78 ± 5.74). The percentage of centrally nucleated fibres evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining was 0 in the normal group, while it increased to 80% in the vehicle group but remained at 76.8% in the N-163 group. The N-163 β-glucan group showed a significant decrease in the fibrosis area. Considering their safety and easy oral consumption, Neu-REFIX β-glucan could be worth large multicentre clinical studies as adjuvant in slowing down the progress of DMD.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Mice, Inbred mdx; beta-Glucans; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne; Fibrosis; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37813938
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44330-0 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Nov 2023The grapevine and vinification microbiota have a strong influence on the characteristics of the produced wine. Currently we have a good understanding of the role of...
Vineyard-mediated factors are still operative in spontaneous and commercial fermentations shaping the vinification microbial community and affecting the antioxidant and anticancer properties of wines.
The grapevine and vinification microbiota have a strong influence on the characteristics of the produced wine. Currently we have a good understanding of the role of vineyard-associated factors, like cultivar, vintage and terroir in shaping the grapevine microbiota. Notwithstanding, their endurance along the vinification process remains unknown. Thus, the main objective of our study was to determine how these factors influence (a) microbial succession during fermentation (i.e., bacterial and fungal) and (b) the antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticancer potential of the produced wines. These were evaluated under different vinification strategies (i.e., spontaneous V1, spontaneous with preservatives V2, commercial V3), employed at near full-scale level by local wineries, for two cultivars (Roditis and Sideritis), two terroir types, and two vintages. Cultivar and vintage were strong and persistent determinants of the vinification microbiota, unlike terroir whose effect became weaker from the vineyard, and early fermentation stages, where non-Saccharomyces yeasts, filamentous fungi (i.e., Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Lachancea, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Torulaspora) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) (Gluconobacter, Acetobacter, Komagataeibacter) dominated, to late fermentation stages where Saccharomyces and Oenococcus become prevalent. Besides vineyard-mediated factors, the vinification process employed was the strongest determinant of the fungal community compared to the bacterial community were effects varied per cultivar. Vintage and vinification type were the strongest determinants of the antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticancer potential of the produced wines. Further analysis identified significant positive correlations between members of the vinification microbiota like the yeasts Torulaspora debrueckii and Lachancea quebecensis with the anticancer and the antioxidant properties of wines in both cultivars. These findings could be exploited towards a microbiota-modulated vinification process to produce high-quality wines with desirable properties and enhanced regional identity.
Topics: Wine; Vitis; Antioxidants; Farms; Fermentation; Microbiota; Torulaspora; Acetic Acid
PubMed: 37803700
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113359 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023Microbial activity during spontaneous fermentation in alcoholic beverages have driven in developing the chemical and aromatic characteristic of products but not clear in...
Microbial activity during spontaneous fermentation in alcoholic beverages have driven in developing the chemical and aromatic characteristic of products but not clear in apricot wines. We have characterised the composition of fungal communities and volatile metabolites in apricot wine spontaneous fermentation among two Shaanxi regions. Results showed that , , and , were the dominant fungi in apricot wine fermentation. A total of 80 volatiles including esters, alcohols, acids and terpenes were detected from two apricot wines. Their correlations suggested that apricot wine aroma was mainly affected by , rather than we commonly considered. Furthermore, reinforced inoculation of LQD20 has exhibited the commendable potential in enhancing sensory qualities. The results of this study provide fundamental information of the indigenous microbiota in microbial dynamic during apricot wine fermentation, which would be helpful in exploiting the strains with potential for industrial use as starter cultures.
PubMed: 37780311
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100862 -
Polymers Sep 2023Melanin as a natural polymer is found in all living organisms, and plays an important role in protecting the body from harmful UV rays from the sun. The efficiency of...
A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling.
Melanin as a natural polymer is found in all living organisms, and plays an important role in protecting the body from harmful UV rays from the sun. The efficiency of fungal biomass () and its extracellular melanin as Cr(VI) biosorbents was comparatively considered. The efficiency of Cr(VI) biosorption by the two sorbents used was augmented up to 240 min. The maximum sorption capacities were 485.747 (fungus biomass) and 595.974 (melanin) mg/g. The practical data were merely fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The kinetics of the biosorption process obeyed the pseudo-first-order. Melanin was superior in Cr(VI) sorption than fungal biomass. Furthermore, four independent variables (contact time, initial concentration of Cr(VI), biosorbent dosage, and pH,) were modeled by the two decision trees (DTs). Conversely, to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies, DT of fungal biomass had lower errors compared to DT of melanin. Lately, the DTs improved the efficacy of the Cr(VI) removal process, thus introducing complementary and alternative solutions to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies. The Cr(VI) biosorption onto the biosorbents was confirmed and elucidated through FTIR, SEM, and EDX investigations. Conclusively, this is the first report study attaining the biosorption of Cr(VI) by biomass of . and its extracellular melanin among equilibrium isotherms, kinetic study, and algorithmic decision tree modeling.
PubMed: 37765609
DOI: 10.3390/polym15183754 -
Microorganisms Aug 2023is a tea leaf moth that is considered one of the most destructive pests of (tea plant). Several recent studies have shown that many insects acquire part of the...
is a tea leaf moth that is considered one of the most destructive pests of (tea plant). Several recent studies have shown that many insects acquire part of the microbiome from their host and soil, but the pattern and diversity of their microbiome have not been clearly demonstrated. The present study aimed to investigate the bacterial and fungal communities present in the rhizospheric soil and leaf of tea plant compared to the gut of tea moth at different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, adult female and male) using Illumina MiSeq technology. Alpha diversity (Shannon index) showed higher ( < 0.05) bacterial and fungal diversity in soil samples than in leaf and tea moth larvae, pupae, and adult gut samples. However, during different developmental stages of tea moth, bacterial and fungal diversity did not differ ( > 0.05) between larvae, pupae, female, and male guts. Beta diversity also revealed more distinct bacterial and fungal communities in soil and leaf samples compared with tea moth gut samples, which had a more similar microbiome. Furthermore, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Tenericutes were detected as the dominant bacterial phyla, while Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the most abundant fungal phyla among all groups, but their relative abundance was comparatively higher ( < 0.05) in soil and leaf samples compared to tea moth gut samples. Similarly, , , and were the top three bacterial genera, while , , and were the top three fungal genera, and their relative abundance varied significantly ( < 0.05) among all groups. The KEGG analysis also revealed significantly higher ( < 0.5) enrichment of the functional pathways of bacterial communities in soil and leaf samples than in tea moth gut samples. Our study concluded that the bacterial and fungal communities of soil and tea leaves were more diverse and were significantly different from the tea moth gut microbiome at different developmental stages. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the gut microbiota of the tea moth and its potential application in the development of pest management techniques.
PubMed: 37764032
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092188 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Regel () is a healthy edible plant but highly perishable with a short shelf life of 1-2 d. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) could inhibit the postharvest senescence...
Polypropylene/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Breathing Film for Inhibiting and Maintaining Microbial Communities and Postharvest Quality of Regel during Storage.
Regel () is a healthy edible plant but highly perishable with a short shelf life of 1-2 d. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) could inhibit the postharvest senescence and decay of the vegetables. Thus, the aim of this study was to apply MAP with different gas permeabilities to the storage of and evaluate its effects on maintaining microbial communities and the postharvest quality of . The results showed that polypropylene/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PP/PBAT, abbreviated as PAT) MAP was suitable for the storage of by establishing an optimal atmosphere of 0.5-0.6% O and 6.2-7.1% CO in the bag. It could delay the postharvest senescence of and maintain its quality by slowing down its respiration rate and weight loss, reducing cell membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, maintaining the cell wall, and reducing infection and the growth of microorganisms. However, in HPT was more perishable than that in PAT during storage. was found to be the main spoilage bacteria, and they could also be effectively inhibited by PAT-MAP. The next-generation sequencing results also showed the growth of , , , , , and , responsible for decay or human disease, was well inhibited by PAT-MAP. The results suggested that PAT-MAP could be used to maintain microbial diversity and the postharvest quality of under cold storage conditions. It provided a feasible solution for the preservation, food quality, and safety control of .
PubMed: 37761079
DOI: 10.3390/foods12183370 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Dec 2023Biosurfactants have found widespread use across multiple industrial fields, including medicine, food, cosmetics, detergents, pulp, and paper, as well as the degradation...
Biosurfactants have found widespread use across multiple industrial fields, including medicine, food, cosmetics, detergents, pulp, and paper, as well as the degradation of oil and fat. The culture broth of Aureobasidium pullulans A11231-1-58 isolated from flowers of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino exhibited potent surfactant activity. Surfactant activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of three new biosurfactants, pullusurfactins A‒C (1‒3). Their chemical structures were established through the use of spectroscopic techniques, predominantly 1D and 2D NMR, in conjunction with mass measurements. We evaluated the surface tension activities of isolated compounds. At 1.0 mg l, these compounds showed high degrees of surfactant activity (31.15 dyne/cm, 33.75 dyne/cm, and 33.83 dyne/cm, respectively).
Topics: Chrysanthemum; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 37749218
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00660-9 -
Liamocin biosynthesis is induced by an autogenous host acid activation in Aureobasidium melanogenum.Biotechnology Journal Jan 2024It has been known that maximal liamocin production must be carried out at low environmental pH (around 3.0). In this study, it was found that the low pH was mainly...
It has been known that maximal liamocin production must be carried out at low environmental pH (around 3.0). In this study, it was found that the low pH was mainly caused by the secreted citric acid which is one precursor of acetyl-CoA for liamocin biosynthesis. Determination of citric acid in the culture, deletion, complementation and overexpression of the CEXA gene encoding specific citrate exporter demonstrated that the low pH was indeed caused by the secreted citric acid. Deletion, complementation and overexpression of the ACL gene encoding ATP-citric acid lyase and effects of different initial pHs and added citric acid showed that the low pH in the presence of citric acid was suitable for lysis of intracellular citric acid, liamocin production and expression of the PACC gene encoding the pH signaling transcription factor PacC. This meant that the PACC gene was an acid-expression gene. Deletion, complementation and overexpression of the PACC gene indicated that expression of the key gene cluster GAL1-EST1-PKS1 for liamocin biosynthesis was driven by the pH signaling transcription factor PacC and there was weak nitrogen catabolite repression on liamocin biosynthesis at the low pH. That was why liamocin biosynthesis was induced at a low pH in the presence of citric acid. The mechanisms of the enhanced liamocin biosynthesis by the autogenous host acid activation, together with the pH signaling pathway, were proposed.
Topics: Transcription Factors; Citric Acid; Fungal Proteins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Aureobasidium
PubMed: 37740661
DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200440 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Nov 2023Pullulan is a polymer produced by Aureobasidium spp. The yield of pullulan production can be impacted by the cellular differentiation of Aureobasidium spp., which...
Pullulan is a polymer produced by Aureobasidium spp. The yield of pullulan production can be impacted by the cellular differentiation of Aureobasidium spp., which changes with alterations in the growth environment. To improve pullulan yield, identifying key factors that regulate cellular differentiation is crucial. In this study, the main form of pullulan synthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans NG was through swollen cells (SC). The results showed that citric acid (CA) can regulate the cellular differentiation of Aureobasidium pullulans NG by accumulating higher levels of CA in the cells to maintain growth in SC form and increase pullulan production. The addition of 1.0% CA to Aureobasidium pullulans NG for 96 h resulted in a significant increase in pullulan production, producing 18.32 g/l compared to the control group which produced 10.23 g/l. Our findings suggest that controlling cellular differentiation using CA is a promising approach for enhancing pullulan production in Aureobasidium pullulans. KEY POINTS: • The regulation of cell differentiation in Aureobasidium pullulans NG is demonstrated to be influenced by citric acid. • Intracellular citric acid levels in Aureobasidium pullulans NG have been shown to support the growth of swollen cells. • Citric acid has been found to increase pullulan production in Aureobasidium pullulans NG.
PubMed: 37698607
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12758-z