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The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Jan 2024The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Nd:YAG laser, glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer (GD), or their combination on occluding dentinal tubules.
AIM
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Nd:YAG laser, glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer (GD), or their combination on occluding dentinal tubules.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty dentin samples were obtained from non-carious human third molars and randomly divided into five groups ( = 10): (1) Control group treated with 37% phosphoric acid, (2) GD group, (3) Nd:YAG laser group (1064 nm, 100 µs, 10 Hz, 300 µm fiber, 1 W power, 100 mJ energy, and 85 J/cm energy density), (4) GD followed by Nd:YAG laser group, and (5) Nd:YAG laser followed by GD group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to capture five images from each sample for analysis of dentinal tubules using Image J software. SEM/EDX elemental analysis was performed to determine the main mineral contents. Data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for statistical comparisons.
RESULTS
Laser and combination groups showed a significant decrease in dentinal tubule counts compared with the control and GD groups ( < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in open dentinal tubule counts between the control and GD groups, as well as between the laser and combination groups. However, significant differences were observed in the total area, average size of the tubules, and percentage area between the control group and the treatment groups (GD, laser, GD + laser, laser + GD). No significant difference was found in the Ca/P ratio between the tested groups.
CONCLUSION
The use of Nd:YAG laser alone or in combination with GD was more effective in occluding dentinal tubules compared to GD alone.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This study has shown that Nd:YAG laser alone and in combination with GD has superior dentinal tubule occlusion . Its clinical use in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity may overcome the drawback of conventional treatment approaches for dentin hypersensitivity needing repeated applications to achieve continuous relief from pain since acidic diet and toothbrushing result in the continuing elimination of precipitates and surface coatings. How to cite this article: Alzarooni AH, El-Damanhoury HM, Aravind SS, . Combined Effects of Glutaraldehyde-based Desensitizer and Nd: YAG Laser on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):52-57.
Topics: Humans; Lasers, Solid-State; Dentin; Dentin Sensitivity; Glutaral; Molar, Third; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 38514431
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3623 -
Australian Endodontic Journal : the... Mar 2024This study aimed to evaluate the interface of universal adhesive (UA) with bulk-fill resin (BF) and dentin, after endodontic irrigation. The pulp chamber of 96 molars...
This study aimed to evaluate the interface of universal adhesive (UA) with bulk-fill resin (BF) and dentin, after endodontic irrigation. The pulp chamber of 96 molars was irrigated with chlorhexidine 2% (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite 5.25% (NaOCl) and restored according to three restorative protocols. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage tests were performed after 24 h of thermocycling. Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon were performed (p < 0.05). Comparing restorative systems, a difference was found only when irrigated with CHX after 24 h. CHX provided higher μTBS than NaOCl after 24 h for two restorative protocols; after thermocycling, NaOCl provided the greatest μTBS than CHX for one group. Decreased μTBS was observed for all restorative systems when CHX was used after thermocycling. NaOCl demonstrated the highest nanoleakage. The composition of UA influenced the immediate adhesion and sealing to BF when CHX was used; ageing has a deteriorating effect on adhesion and sealing for all restorative systems.
PubMed: 38509781
DOI: 10.1111/aej.12843 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024AH Plus, an epoxy resin-based sealer, is widely used in endodontic practice, owing to its good physical properties that confers longstanding dimensional stability and...
Characterisation and evaluation of physical properties of AH-Plus sealer with and without the incorporation of petasin, pachymic acid, curcumin and shilajit-an invitro study.
BACKGROUND
AH Plus, an epoxy resin-based sealer, is widely used in endodontic practice, owing to its good physical properties that confers longstanding dimensional stability and good adhesion to dentin. Nevertheless, its propensity to trigger inflammation, especially in its freshly mixed state, has been extensively documented. Phytochemicals such as Petasin, Pachymic acid, Curcumin, and Shilajit are known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study aimed to analyze and determine the effect of these natural products on the physical properties of AH Plus sealer when incorporated with the sealer.
METHODS
AH Plus (AHR) sealer was mixed with 10% petasin, 0.75% pachymic, 0.5% and 6%shilajit to obtain AHP, AHA, AHC and AHS in the ratio of 10:1 and 5:1 respectively. Five samples of each material were assessed for setting time, solubility, flow, and dimensional stability in accordance with the ISO 6876:2012 standardization. Sealers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Statistical evaluation involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks tests for normality and the one-way ANOVA test for analysis.
RESULTS
In this investigation, the characterisation analysis revealed a relatively similar microstructure in all the experimental root canal sealers. All experimental groups, excluding the control group, exhibited an increase in flow ranging from 11.9 to 31.4% at a 10:1 ratio. Similarly, for the 5:1 ratio, the increase ranged from 12.02 to 31.83%. In terms of dimensional stability, all groups at the 10:1 ratio showed a decrease compared to the control group. The addition of natural agents to AHR in 10:1 ratio led to a reduction in setting time by 8.9-31.6%, and at a 5:1 ratio, the reduction ranged from 8.1 to 31.5%. However, regarding solubility, the addition of natural agents did not induce any significant alterations.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that all tested root canal sealers exhibited properties that met the acceptable criteria outlined in the ISO 6876:2012 standardization.
Topics: Humans; Root Canal Filling Materials; Curcumin; Epoxy Resins; Materials Testing; Silicates; Calcium Compounds; Minerals; Resins, Plant; Sesquiterpenes; Triterpenes
PubMed: 38504287
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04108-w -
Dental Research Journal 2024The aim of the study was to investigate the morphometric parameters of dental pulp in open apices immature teeth in a sheep model after mechanical pulp exposure and...
BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to investigate the morphometric parameters of dental pulp in open apices immature teeth in a sheep model after mechanical pulp exposure and restoration with reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this experimental study, a total of 12 immature mandibular central incisors from six adult male sheep, weighing 30-40 kg and with the age of 1 year old with Merino race were examined. After anesthesia, the pulps of the teeth in the case group were mechanically exposed and then were restored with reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol and amalgam. In the control group, the teeth remained intact. The animals were sacrificed at intervals of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks (E2, E4, E6, and E8) in the case and 2 and 8 weeks (C2 and C8) in the control groups. Then, their teeth were removed with the surrounding supporting tissues and alveolar bones. Tissue processing and staining were done, and the sections were examined under a light microscope. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data and compare the changes between the two groups. < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
In response to mechanical exposure, reparative or tertiary dentin was formed, and its thickness increased during the time of the study. The thickness of the odontoblastic layer in the E4 group was the highest amount. The pulp chamber diameter in the C2 group was significantly larger than the other groups, and the diameter of the apical foramen in the E8 was decreased significantly compared to the controls ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
In response to mechanical exposure and restoration with reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol, some morphometric parameters of the dental pulp changed significantly in the sheep model compared to the controls.
PubMed: 38476710
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... Feb 2024During endodontic treatment, sealers seal off dentinal tubules and prevent microbial attack. Bioceramic sealers have excellent bioactivity, but its high alkalinity is...
CONTEXT
During endodontic treatment, sealers seal off dentinal tubules and prevent microbial attack. Bioceramic sealers have excellent bioactivity, but its high alkalinity is found to have detrimental effects on radicular collagen. Collagen cross linkers have the ability to chemically modify collagen and can prevent the detrimental effects of the sealer.
AIM
This research was aimed to assess the effect of collagen cross-linking agents on the integrity of radicular collagen matrix and depth of penetration of sealer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Mandibular premolars ( = 48) were taken. Teeth were decoronated; canals were prepared till ProTaper size F2 and were irrigated with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 3 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid between instrumentation and finally rinsed with saline following which teeth were divided into three groups based on the surface treatments: Group 1: 6.5% proanthocyanin (PA), Group 2: chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 3: saline. Teeth were obturated using gutta-percha and bioceramic sealer and stored in artificial saliva. Hydroxyproline (HYP) release was assessed after 14 and 21 days using spectrophotometer. Sealer penetration was assessed using the scanning electron microscope.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test for release of HYP and paired -test and ANOVA for sealer penetration were performed.
RESULTS
Significantly lower release of HYP was seen in proanthocyanin-treated group. Sealer penetration was better for both the proanthocyanin- and CHX-treated groups when compared to saline.
CONCLUSION
Surface treatment with collagen cross-linkers caused a decrease in the amount of HYP released, indicating lesser degradation of collagen. Sealer penetration was better due to the removal of smear layer following the surface treatments.
PubMed: 38463481
DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_309_23 -
American Journal of Dentistry Feb 2024To examine the relationship between remineralization of incipient root dentin lesions and the presence of polymicrobial biofilms, as well as examine changes in microbial...
PURPOSE
To examine the relationship between remineralization of incipient root dentin lesions and the presence of polymicrobial biofilms, as well as examine changes in microbial composition.
METHODS
Bovine root dentin disks used as specimens for biofilm formation, were cultured using saliva from a single donor. Amsterdam Active Attachment biofilm model was used to grow biofilms. The culture medium was McBain 2005 with 0.2% sucrose and 0.4 ppm F as sodium fluoride. After cultivation for 48 hours to achieve demineralization, a control group (n=10) was obtained and the other specimens were further cultured for 336 hours in two types of remineralization culture medium, with sucrose (S+) and without sucrose (S-), through continuous anaerobic incubation (10% CO2,10% H2, 80% N2). Then half of the specimens cultured in the S- medium were transferred to the S+ medium for an additional 48 hours resulting in three experimental groups S(+) (n=10), S(-) (n=10), and S(-)de (n=10), respectively. Experiment 1: Transverse microradiography (TMR) analysis - Immediately after respective culture treatments, integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) in the dentin specimens were analyzed by TMR. Experiment 2: Microbiome analysis - Sequence data of the 16S rRNA gene of each sample was obtained using MiSeq, and partial base sequences were determined. Next-generation sequencing was performed to determine the taxonomic groups of fungi present in the biofilm samples.
RESULTS
Experiment 1: In the control group, formation of dentin demineralization lesions by polymicrobial species biofilms was confirmed. The S(-) group showed significantly decreased IML and shallower LD compared to the control group. The S(-)de group showed a significant increase in IML and LD compared to the S(-) group. Experiment 2: There were statistically significant differences in microbiome between the control group and each of the three experimental groups, both at the genus and species levels. A significant difference in genus was observed between the S(-) group and the S(-)de group.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The confirmation of the possibility of microbial shift occurring during the remineralization process of root caries will lead to the development of new remineralization therapies.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cattle; Tooth Demineralization; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dentin; Biofilms; Minerals; Microradiography; Sucrose; Tooth Remineralization; Fluorides
PubMed: 38458983
DOI: No ID Found -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... May 2024To evaluate the effects of an ammonia-based and a water-based silver-containing solutions on bonding performance and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity of a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of an ammonia-based and a water-based silver-containing solutions on bonding performance and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity of a universal adhesive to dentin after 1 year of artificial aging.
METHODS
Mid-coronal dentin surfaces of 60 sound human molars were exposed and the following groups were formed according to the surface pre-treatment and etching mode of the universal adhesive (Zipbond Universal, SDI) (n = 10): G1) Zipbond in the self-etch mode (ZSE); G2) Riva Star (SDI) applied before ZSE; G3) Riva Star Aqua (SDI) applied before ZSE; G4) Zipbond in the etch-and-rinse mode (ZER); G5) Riva Star applied before ZER; G6) Riva Star Aqua applied before ZER. The specimens were sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test at baseline (T) and after 12 months (T) of artificial storage. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDS) were also conducted. Three additional molars per group were processed for the in situ zymography analysis at T and T. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
Dentin pre-treatments and aging decreased bonding values, regardless of the etching mode (p < 0.05). No differences in µTBS were observed between the two silver-containing solutions, both at T and T. Riva Star Aqua and etching significantly increased the MMPs activity, independent of the storage period (p < 0.05).
SIGNIFICANCE
Dentin surface pre-treatment with silver-containing solutions negatively affects the bonding performances of resin composite restorations placed with a universal adhesive. However, the ammonia-based product Riva Star might show better stability in the long term, due to lower activation of MMPs.
Topics: Humans; Water; Dental Bonding; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Materials Testing; Silver; Ammonia; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Tensile Strength; Surface Properties; Dentin; In Vitro Techniques; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Resin Cements; Molar; Acid Etching, Dental; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 38458917
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.03.003 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... May 2024To evaluate whether coating enamel with a polymeric primer (PPol) containing titanium tetrafluoride (TiF) before applying a bleaching gel with 35% HO (35% BG) increases...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether coating enamel with a polymeric primer (PPol) containing titanium tetrafluoride (TiF) before applying a bleaching gel with 35% HO (35% BG) increases esthetic efficacy, prevents changes in morphology and hardness of enamel, as well as reduces the cytotoxicity from conventional in-office bleaching.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Standardized enamel/dentin discs were stained and bleached for 45 min (one session) with 35% BG. Groups 2TiF, 6TiF, and 10TiF received the gel on the enamel previously coated with PPol containing 2 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, or 10 mg/mL, respectively. No treatment or application of 35% BG directly on enamel were used as negative control (NC), and positive control (PC), respectively. UV-reflectance spectrophotometry (CIE L*a*b* system, ΔE, and ΔWI, n = 8) determined the bleaching efficacy of treatments. Enamel microhardness (Knoop, n = 8), morphology, and composition (SEM/EDS, n = 4) were also evaluated. Enamel/dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers (n = 8) were used for trans-amelodentinal cytotoxicity tests. Following the treatments, the extracts (culture medium + bleaching gel components diffused through the discs) were collected and applied to odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells, which were assessed concerning their viability (alamarBlue, n = 8; Live/Dead, n = 4), oxidative stress (n = 8), and morphology (SEM). The amount of HO in the extracts was also determined (leuco crystal violet/peroxidase, n = 8). The numerical data underwent one-criterion variance analysis (one-way ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test, at a 5% significance level.
RESULTS
Regarding the ΔE, no difference was observed among groups 2TiF, 6TiF, and PC (p > 0.05). The ΔWI was similar between groups 2TiF and PC (p > 0.05). The ΔWI of group 6TiF was superior to PC (p < 0.05), and group 10TiF achieved the highest ΔE and ΔWI values (p < 0.05). Besides limiting enamel microstructural changes compared to PC, group 10TiF significantly increased the hardness of this mineralized dental tissue. The highest cellular viability occurred in 10TiF compared to the other bleached groups (p < 0.05). Trans-amelodentinal HO diffusion decreased in groups 2TiF, 6TiF, and 10TiF in comparison with PC (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Coating enamel with a PPol containing TiF before applying a 35% BG may increase enamel microhardness and esthetic efficacy and reduce the trans-amelodentinal cytotoxicity of conventional in-office tooth bleaching. The PPol containing 10 mg/mL of TiF promoted the best outcomes.
Topics: Hydrogen Peroxide; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Dentin; Tooth Bleaching; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 38458078
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106497 -
European Endodontic Journal Mar 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of various concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of various concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in dentinal tubules using a bacterial culture assay and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).
METHODS
Ninety human teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and randomly allocated into 5 groups; the negative control (without TAP), 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml TAP (n=18). After a 3-week TAP treatment, samples were collected from the root canal space, root dentin at 100-μm and 200-μm depth. The collected samples were subjected to a bacterial culture assay (n=10). Eight roots from each group underwent CLSM analysis to determine the live/dead bacterial cells.
RESULTS
The bacterial culture assay results indicated that the negative control samples were all culturable. The number of culture-positive samples decreased after TAP treatment at 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/ml, with 2, 2, 1 and 0 culturable samples, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among the TAP treatments. Surprisingly, the CLSM analysis demonstrated live bacteria in the dentinal tubules in all samples. The negative control had 52.36%+-3.24 live bacteria. TAP treatment at 10 mg/ml had the lowest percentage of live bacterial cells (40.58%+-5.40), followed by 7.5 mg/ml (44.14%+-6.03), 5 mg/ml (46.31%+-5.32) and 1 mg/ml (52.55%+-8.82). The percentage of live cells in the 10 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml TAP groups were significantly lower than the 1 mg/ml TAP and negative control groups.
CONCLUSION
TAP treatment significantly decreased the percentage of viable E. faecalis cells in the dentinal tubules and its bactericidal effect was dose-dependent.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterococcus faecalis; Random Allocation
PubMed: 38456464
DOI: 10.14744/eej.2023.78942 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2024The progression of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) leads to gingival recession (GR), which is restored with restorative materials, using different periodontal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The progression of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) leads to gingival recession (GR), which is restored with restorative materials, using different periodontal plastic surgery procedures. There is no consensus on which technique is superior to others. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of root coverage (RC) procedures in the restored and unrestored NCCLs in terms of clinical and patient-centered outcomes.We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) while searching 5 databases in addition to the gray literature. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords in the title and abstract fields, as well as in headings, were used to search the existing literature for the relevant publications on the effectiveness of RC procedures with the restoration of NCCLs over the past 3 decades (January 1990-July 2021). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were read in full and critically analyzed. The quality analysis was performed using the Cochrane RevMan software.A total of 222 potentially relevant titles and abstracts were found after the initial electronic and manual search, and after removing duplicates. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 23 publications that were further analyzed for relevance and applicability. Following critical analysis, 13 publications were used for validity assessment and data extraction.In the teeth with NCCLs and GR, the restoration of NCCLs does not affect the percentage RC. However, it significantly decreases dentin hypersensitivity, and the patients' perception of esthetics and satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Esthetics, Dental; Databases, Factual; Dental Materials
PubMed: 38445442
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/155338