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Heliyon Jun 2024Studies have shown that a lot of traditional Chinese medicines could improve the immunity of the body. Dangdi oral liquid (DDO) was mainly composed of (Oliv.) Diels...
Studies have shown that a lot of traditional Chinese medicines could improve the immunity of the body. Dangdi oral liquid (DDO) was mainly composed of (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui), Libosch. (Dihuang), Bl. (Niuxi), Fisch. (Gancao). In this study, the rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was used to identify the potentially effective compounds of DDO. Then the immune activity of DDO was measured by lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytic function, NK cell activity, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, hemolytic plaque number, sIgA content and immune organ index. The results showed that a total of 51 compounds were identified. In addition, DDO could significantly promote the lymphocyte proliferation, improve macrophage phagocytic ability, NK cell activity, hemolytic plaque number, sIgA content and immune organ index compared with control group, and the medium dose possessed the best efficacy (P<0.05). These results indicated that DDO could enhance the immunity of mice.
PubMed: 38912465
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32160 -
JCEM Case Reports Jun 2024Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. It was the first GLP-1 receptor agonist to be...
Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. It was the first GLP-1 receptor agonist to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of obesity. To date, numerous skin adverse reactions to liraglutide have been reported, but data regarding hypersensitivity reactions are scarce, raising concerns about its safety and clinical management. We present the case of a 56-year-old female patient with class 3 obesity who was started on subcutaneous liraglutide (Saxenda) by her endocrinologist. One month after starting the aforementioned treatment, the patient presented well-defined, round, erythematous pruriginous plaques surrounding the injection site, around 24 hours after the drug administration. A liraglutide-induced, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction was suspected, which could be subsequently confirmed by allergy testing and histopathological study. This paper explores the clinical use of liraglutide, the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions, diagnosis, management, and implications for future research. Understanding and managing liraglutide hypersensitivity is crucial to ensuring the safety and efficacy of this medication.
PubMed: 38911363
DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae105 -
International Immunopharmacology Jun 2024The surplus cytokines remaining after use in the early stages of the inflammatory response stimulate immune cells even after the response is over, causing a secondary...
BACKGROUND
The surplus cytokines remaining after use in the early stages of the inflammatory response stimulate immune cells even after the response is over, causing a secondary inflammatory response and ultimately damaging the host, which is called a cytokine storm. Inhibiting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which has recently been shown to play an important role in regulating inflammation in various cell types, may help control excessive inflammatory responses and cytokine storms.
METHODS
We discovered an anti-inflammatory compound by measuring the inhibitory effect of CD86 expression on spleen DCs (sDCs) using the chemical compounds library of Hsp90 inhibitors. Subsequently, to select the hit compound, the production of cytokines and expression of surface molecules were measured on the bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and peritoneal macrophages. Then, we analyzed the response of antigen-specific Th1 cells. Finally, we confirmed the effect of the compound using acute lung injury (ALI) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) models.
RESULTS
We identified Be01 as the hit compound, which reduced CD86 expression the most in sDCs. Treatment with Be01 decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in BMDC and peritoneal macrophages stimulated by LPS. Under the DTH model, Be01 treatment reduced ear swelling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spleen. Similarly, Be01 treatment in the ALI model decreased neutrophil infiltration and lower levels of secreted cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α).
CONCLUSIONS
Reduction of CD80 and CD86 expression on DCs by Be01 indicates reduced secondary inflammatory response by Th1 cells, and reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by peritoneal macrophages may initially control the cytokine storm.
PubMed: 38908085
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112470 -
Dermatology and Therapy Jun 2024Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers, generally considered low-risk, can lead to rare late-onset reactions (LORs) manifesting between 3 and 4 months postinjection,... (Review)
Review
Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers, generally considered low-risk, can lead to rare late-onset reactions (LORs) manifesting between 3 and 4 months postinjection, occasionally even as early as 24 h postinjection. The Complication Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) board was established to review these reactions. In this publication, the authors aims to explore the etiological hypotheses underlying LORs, associated risk factors, prevention, and management approaches suggested by the CARE board. The CARE board identified three etiological hypotheses contributing to LORs. Firstly, the physicochemical structure of the filler, particularly low molecular weight HA, which may trigger an immune response. Secondly, infection, potentially introduced during injection or by dormant biofilm activation. Lastly, an imbalance in the host immune system, caused by factors like autoimmune diseases or viral infections, may lead to extended foreign body reactions, delayed type IV hypersensitivity, or adjuvant-based reactions. Based on these hypotheses, the board categorized various risk factors as patient-related (e.g., recent dental treatment, current medical status, active autoimmune disease), product-related (e.g., molecular weight), and procedure-related (e.g., aseptic technique and trauma). To reduce the risk of LORs, the CARE board recommends diligent patient selection, including comprehensive medical history assessment and informed consent. Practitioners should maintain an effective aseptic technique, and choose an appropriate product and injection depth for the anatomical location. Post-procedure, patients should receive education on proper filler care. Management of LORs depends on the suspected etiology, and the CARE board has proposed an algorithm to determine the most appropriate treatment. Hyaluronidase is recommended for noninflammatory reactions in the absence of active infection, while watchful waiting and/or steroid treatment may be preferred for inflammatory reactions. Hyaluronidase is not recommended as a first-line treatment for infections, which require drainage, bacterial culture, and antibiotic treatment. However, the board emphasizes the need for individualized evaluation and treatment in all cases.
PubMed: 38907876
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01202-3 -
Blood Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Herpesvirus 6, Human; Lymphadenitis; Roseolovirus Infections; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome; Lymphoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Male; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38900479
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023384 -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... Jun 2024It has been suggested that allergic diseases may increase after Kawasaki disease (KD). We aimed to analyze the temporal patterns of allergic disease incidence after KD.
BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that allergic diseases may increase after Kawasaki disease (KD). We aimed to analyze the temporal patterns of allergic disease incidence after KD.
METHODS
A nationwide population-based matched cohort study was conducted using data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. Patients aged <5 years diagnosed with KD and their 1:3 propensity score-matched controls were included. Three cohorts were established: Cohort A, patients with allergies; Cohort B, patients without allergies; and Cohort C, patients without allergies, but excluding patients with birth history and underlying medical conditions. Cumulative incidence rates (%) and associated hospital visits for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and asthma were compared between the cases and controls during the 6-year follow-up period.
RESULTS
The study population comprised 8678 patients diagnosed with KD and 26,034 controls. In Cohort A, although initially, there were intergroup differences in the number of hospital visits for certain allergic diseases, these differences were inconsistent and varied depending on the type of allergic disease. Over time, the differences narrowed, and by the sixth year, the gap had decreased significantly. In Cohorts B and C, the initial incidence rates of the four allergic diseases and associated hospital visits were lower in patients with KD as compared to controls. However, with a faster rate of increase, the incidence rates and number of hospital visits eventually surpassed those of the controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The pattern of delayed increase in cumulative incidence rates and hospital visits for allergic diseases after KD suggests the possibility of a shared genetic or immunologic susceptibility between KD and allergic diseases, which becomes evident over time, rather than a direct influence of KD resulting in allergic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Incidence; Republic of Korea; Infant; Hypersensitivity; Cohort Studies; Follow-Up Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic
PubMed: 38899598
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14176 -
Lakartidningen Jun 2024In the armed forces, marching still remains a major component in the training of the young recruits. In the following we describe a young recruit who, following...
In the armed forces, marching still remains a major component in the training of the young recruits. In the following we describe a young recruit who, following instructions, prophylactically used adhesives to prevent chafing. The recruit developed an allergic contact dermatitis with generalized spreading. The adhesive products recommended are sold on a global market and are extensively used. Allergic contact dermatitis from these products have so far only been reported from Sweden. Unfortunately, even though the first cases were reported some years ago, new cases are still diagnosed. When medical devices are recommended to be used on the skin for a prolonged time and under extreme conditions, sensitization and a subsequent allergic contact dermatitis must be considered.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Military Personnel; Male; Adhesives; Patch Tests; Young Adult
PubMed: 38896037
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Zoledronic acid is a bisphosphonate that can be administered intravenously and used to treat several bone disorders. It decreases bone resorption, thereby improving bone...
Zoledronic acid is a bisphosphonate that can be administered intravenously and used to treat several bone disorders. It decreases bone resorption, thereby improving bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing fractures. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved zoledronic acid for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal females and males and for other conditions. Zoledronic acid is generally well tolerated, with most side effects being musculoskeletal or gastrointestinal. Cutaneous side effects include maculopapular rash and other mild skin reactions. Rare severe skin rashes, such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported. Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old female with a medical history of breast cancer status post-radical mastectomy and chemotherapy presenting with delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a hyaluronic acid dermal filler two days after receiving zoledronic acid intravenously given to maintain bone density, symptoms completely resolved with oral prednisolone 20 mg once daily and cetirizine 10 mg. Cases of delayed inflammatory reaction to hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler have previously been reported in patients who have received vaccination or those with viral infections. However, to our knowledge, there have been no reports of delayed inflammatory reactions to facial hyaluronic acid injections after zoledronic acid administration.
PubMed: 38895606
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S458750 -
BMC Nephrology Jun 2024Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease that can affect multiple organs. While pulmonary sarcoidosis is most commonly observed, renal sarcoidosis occurs less frequently. We...
BACKGROUND
Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease that can affect multiple organs. While pulmonary sarcoidosis is most commonly observed, renal sarcoidosis occurs less frequently. We herein report a case of sarcoidosis with an exceptionally rare distribution including renal lesions.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 51-year-old Japanese female was referred because of bilateral parotid swelling and renal dysfunction. Computed tomography scan showed the swelling of bilateral kidneys, parotid glands, and uterus. Ga scintigraphy also showed remarkable accumulation in these organs. Renal biopsy and cytological evaluations of parotid gland and uterus were performed and she was diagnosed as sarcoidosis of these organs. Treatment was initiated with prednisolone 40 mg/day and then renal dysfunction subsequently improved. In addition, the swelling of parotid glands and uterus improved and Ga accumulation in each organ had disappeared.
CONCLUSION
This is a first case of renal sarcoidosis complicated by parotid glands and uterus lesions. Pathological findings and the reactivity observed in Ga scintigraphy indicated the presence of lesions in these organs.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Sarcoidosis; Kidney Diseases; Parotid Gland; Uterine Diseases; Prednisolone; Parotid Diseases; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38890580
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03635-6 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jun 2024The current study evaluated the lid margin microbiome of keratinized lid margins of patients with chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and compared it with healthy...
PURPOSE
The current study evaluated the lid margin microbiome of keratinized lid margins of patients with chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and compared it with healthy controls and historically reported lid margin microbiome of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
METHODS
Eyelid margin swabs of 20 asymptomatic adults (mean age = 29 ± 12 years) and 10 patients with chronic SJS (mean age = 31.2 ± 14 years) with lid margin keratinization were sequenced using next generation of 16S rDNA V3 to V4 variable region. Within SJS, the keratinized lid margin microbiome was compared with adjacent eyelid skin.
RESULTS
All patients had obstructive MGD, and mean Schirmer I value was 2.8 ± 1.9 mm. The phyla were similar in two groups, whereas at the genera level, an increase in the relative abundance of Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Azotobacter, and Afipia and a decrease of Acinetobacter was noted in SJS compared to healthy lid margins. SJS-associated microbiota displayed lesser diversity and more heterogeneity than healthy controls. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) plot revealed wide separation in the SJS and the control groups. Correlational network analysis revealed Corynebacterium and Sphingomonas forming a major hub of negative interactions with other bacterial genera in the SJS group. Significant differences exist in the prevalent genera between keratinized lid margins and historically reported meibum microbiome of patients with MGD. In addition, the eyelid skin of patients with SJS had predominant Staphylococcus, whereas Corynebacterium and Pseudomonas were more in the keratinized lid margins compared to the eyelid skin microbiome.
CONCLUSIONS
Lid margin microbiome is significantly altered in the keratinized lid margins of patients with SJS compared to the eyelid skin of patients with SJS, normal lid margins, and patients with MGD.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Microbiota; Dry Eye Syndromes; Eyelids; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; DNA, Bacterial; Adolescent; Meibomian Glands; Meibomian Gland Dysfunction; Keratins
PubMed: 38888283
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.28