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Cureus Apr 2024Allergy to hair products is an increasingly common issue among people given the exposure to these products on a daily basis. Allergic reactions could be in the form of... (Review)
Review
Allergy to hair products is an increasingly common issue among people given the exposure to these products on a daily basis. Allergic reactions could be in the form of delayed-type contact dermatitis or the form of immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. Hair products contain many ingredients and chemicals that patients may have allergies to, but common allergens are hair dyes, fragrances, persulfate salts, ammonium thioglycolate, coconut fatty acid derivatives, and acrylates. Allergy to hair dye is the most common followed by other allergens such as fragrances and persulfate salts. We discussed testing for hair dye allergy along with suggestions for alternative hair dyes that patients may use. Allergy to topical scalp medications is also seen in patients using those products. Allergy to topical minoxidil is seen more often due to the increased use of minoxidil sprays and foams among patients to increase hair growth. We will discuss in this review the diagnosis and alternatives for patients with minoxidil allergy. Hairdressers are at higher risk of allergy to hair products compared to the general population due to prolonged exposure to allergens and specific measures should be implemented to minimize the hazards of exposure.
PubMed: 38738072
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58054 -
Archives of Dermatological Research May 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Ophthalmic Solutions; Benzophenones; Bromobenzenes; Female; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Male
PubMed: 38734855
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02914-4 -
Journal of Medical Imaging and... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Sarcoidosis; Cardiomyopathies; Radiopharmaceuticals; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 38734570
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2024.02.022 -
Nutrients May 2024Numerous studies have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of yogurt, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the alleviating...
Numerous studies have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of yogurt, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the alleviating properties of yogurt on immunosuppression and proposed the underlying mechanism was related to the metabolite D-lactate. In the healthy mice, we validated the safety of daily yogurt consumption (600 μL) or D-lactate (300 mg/kg). In immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX), we evaluated the immune regulation of yogurt and D-lactate. The result showed that yogurt restored body weight, boosted immune organ index, repaired splenic tissue, recovered the severity of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and increased serum cytokines (IgA, IgG, IL-6, IFN-γ). Additionally, yogurt enhanced intestinal immune function by restoring the intestinal barrier and upregulating the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Further studies showed that D-lactate alleviated immunosuppression in mice mainly by promoting cellular immunity. D-lactate recovered body weight and organ development, elevated serum cytokines (IgA, IgG, IL-6, IFN-γ), enhanced splenic lymphocyte proliferation and increased the mRNA level of T-bet in splenic lymphocyte to bolster Th1 differentiation. Finally, CTX is a chemotherapeutic drug, thus, the application of yogurt and D-lactate in the tumor-bearing mouse model was initially explored. The results showed that both yogurt (600 μL) and D-lactate (300 mg/kg) reduced cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression without promoting tumor growth. Overall, this study evaluated the safety, immune efficacy and applicability of yogurt and D-lactate in regulating immunosuppression. It emphasized the potential of yogurt as a functional food for immune regulation, with D-lactate playing a crucial role in its immunomodulatory effects.
Topics: Animals; Cyclophosphamide; Yogurt; Mice; Lactic Acid; Cytokines; Male; Immunosuppression Therapy; Spleen; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Bifidobacterium
PubMed: 38732641
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091395 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a granulopoietic growth factor used in the treatment of neutropenia following chemotherapy, myeloablative... (Review)
Review
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a granulopoietic growth factor used in the treatment of neutropenia following chemotherapy, myeloablative treatment, or healthy donors preparing for allogeneic transplantation. Few hypersensitivity reactions (HRs) have been reported, and its true prevalence is unknown. We aimed to systematically characterize G-CSF-induced HRs while including a comprehensive list of adverse reactions. We reviewed articles published before January 2024 by searching in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases using a combination of the keywords listed, selected the ones needed, and extracted relevant data. The search resulted in 68 entries, 17 relevant to our study and 7 others found from manually searching bibliographic sources. A total of 40 cases of G-CSF-induced HR were described and classified as immediate (29) or delayed (11). Immediate ones were mostly caused by filgrastim (13 minimum), with at least 9 being grade 5 on the WAO anaphylaxis scale. Delayed reactions were mostly maculopapular exanthemas and allowed for the continuation of G-CSF. Reactions after first exposure frequently appeared and were present in at least 11 of the 40 cases. Only five desensitization protocols have been found concerning the topic at hand in the analyzed data. We believe this study brings to light the research interest in this topic that could benefit from further exploration, and propose regular updating to include the most recently published evidence.
Topics: Humans; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Drug Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 38732026
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094807 -
Contact Dermatitis May 2024
PubMed: 38725261
DOI: 10.1111/cod.14585 -
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases May 2024Recent studies indicate that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10)-mediated ac4C modification plays unique roles in tumour metastasis and immune infiltration. This study aimed...
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies indicate that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10)-mediated ac4C modification plays unique roles in tumour metastasis and immune infiltration. This study aimed to uncover the role of NAT10-mediated ac4C in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) functions and synovial immune cell infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS
FLSs were obtained from active established patients with RA. Protein expression was determined by western blotting or immunohistochemistry or multiplexed immunohistochemistry. Cell migration was measured using a Boyden chamber. ac4C-RIP-seq combined with RNA-seq was performed to identify potential targets of NAT10. RNA immunoprecipitation was used to validate the interaction between protein and mRNA. NAT10 haploinsufficiency, inhibitor remodelin or intra-articular Adv-NAT10 was used to suppress arthritis in mice with delayed-type hypersensitivity arthritis (DYHA) and collagen II-induced arthritis (CIA) and rats with CIA.
RESULTS
We found elevated levels of NAT10 and ac4C in FLSs and synovium from patients with RA. NAT10 knockdown or specific inhibitor treatment reduced the migration and invasion of RA FLSs. Increased NAT10 level in the synovium was positively correlated with synovial infiltration of multiple types of immune cells. NAT10 inhibition in vivo attenuated the severity of arthritis in mice with CIA and DTHA, and rats with CIA. Mechanistically, we explored that NAT10 regulated RA FLS functions by promoting stability and translation efficiency of N4-acetylated PTX3 mRNA. PTX3 also regulated RA FLS aggression and is associated with synovial immune cell infiltration.
CONCLUSION
Our findings uncover the important roles of NAT10-mediated ac4C modification in promoting rheumatoid synovial aggression and inflammation, indicating that NAT10 may be a potential target for the treatment of RA, even other dysregulated FLSs-associated disorders.
PubMed: 38724075
DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225343 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting children. Similarly, Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory...
INTRODUCTION
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting children. Similarly, Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin disease, but unlike AD it results from direct exposure to an external agent. Theoretically, the impaired skin barrier facilitates the penetration of potential allergens. Therefore, AD patients are at risk for an associated ACD, exacerbating their skin condition. Because eczema is similar, performing a patch test (PT) for the differential diagnosis is essential.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional transversal study, we performed a PT with 30 sensitizers in 26 children with AD, selected according to established criteria for suspected ACD, and treated at an AD center of a pediatric university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Clinical presentation, patient profile, main sensitizers, and frequency of ACD caused by therapeutic skincare products were evaluated.
RESULTS
In all, 23 (88.5%) patients reacted to at least one allergen, 21 (80.7%) had a relevant positive patch test, and 15 (57.7%) were polysensitized. The main positive sensitizers were nickel (38.5%), blue disperse (30.8%), fragrance mix (30.8%), and neomycin (23.1%). Nineteen (73%) patients reacted to substances present in therapeutic or skincare products.
CONCLUSION
Our data underscore the importance of performing a PT in AD children whose eczema has atypical distribution. The expressive percentage of positive tests, especially of allergens in skincare products, indicates the constant need to review the proposed treatments. Therefore, we recommend a specific and expanded PT battery for pediatric AD patients, including a negative control, to increase sensitivity for diagnosing ACD.
Topics: Humans; Patch Tests; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Child; Female; Male; Brazil; Allergens; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Infant; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 38721959
DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i3.1024 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2024Delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of red meat because of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) syndrome has increased in recent years. The mechanism involves an...
Delayed anaphylaxis after ingestion of red meat because of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) syndrome has increased in recent years. The mechanism involves an immunoglobulin E reaction to alpha-gal, a molecule found in mammalian meat, dairy products, medications and excipients containing mammalian-derived components, and tick salivary glycans. Sensitization occurs due to the bite of a lone star tick and the transmission of alpha-gal molecules into person's bloodstream. We describe a case of alpha-gal syndrome with severe food, drug, and perioperative allergy in which anaphylaxis with hypovolemic shock occurred immediately after an emergency surgical procedure, when a gelatin-containing drug was injected. This case study confirms that the clinical manifestations of alpha-gal syndrome could be different depending on the route of administration, with immediate reactions if an alpha-gal-containing drug is injected and delayed type allergic manifestations occurring several hours after oral intake. The purpose of this report is to highlight the importance of risk communication in case of exposure to medical products and surgical procedures of patients with alpha-gal syndrome and to encourage drug manufacturers to indicate clearly the origin of excipients in product literature.
Topics: Humans; Anaphylaxis; Food Hypersensitivity; Shock; Drug Hypersensitivity; Male; Animals; Immunoglobulin E; Excipients; Disaccharides; Female; Trisaccharides; Gelatin; Syndrome
PubMed: 38721956
DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i3.1082 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024C. A. Meyer is a dual-purpose plant for medicine and food, its polysaccharide is considered as an immune enhancer. Four polysaccharides, WGP-20-F, WGP-40-F, WGP-60-F...
C. A. Meyer is a dual-purpose plant for medicine and food, its polysaccharide is considered as an immune enhancer. Four polysaccharides, WGP-20-F, WGP-40-F, WGP-60-F and WGP-80-F were obtained from ginseng via water extraction and gradient ethanol precipitation with different molecular weights () of 1.720 × 10, 1.434 × 10, 4.225 × 10 and 1.520 × 10 Da, respectively. WGP-20-F and WGP-40-F which with higher and a triple-helix structure are glucans composed of 4-ɑ-Glc, do not show remarkable immunoregulatory effects. WGP-60-F and WGP-80-F are heteropolysaccharides mainly composed of 4-ɑ-Glc and also contain t-ɑ-Ara, 5-ɑ-Ara and 3,5-ɑ-Ara. They are spherical branched conformations without a triple-helix structure and can effectively increase the index of immune organs, lymphocyte proliferation, activate macrophages to regulate the immune system in mice and further enhance immune functions by improving delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and antibody response. These results indicated that WGP-60-F and WGP-80-F could be used as potential immune enhancers, and gradient ethanol precipitation can be applied for the preparation of ginseng bioactive polysaccharide.
PubMed: 38720774
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388206