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Journal of Global Health Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Scabies
PubMed: 37921043
DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.03057 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Dec 2023A 23-month-old Holstein-Friesian heifer presented with inactivity and diarrhea. On physical examination, no enlargement of superficial lymph nodes was observed....
A 23-month-old Holstein-Friesian heifer presented with inactivity and diarrhea. On physical examination, no enlargement of superficial lymph nodes was observed. Hematological examination revealed lymphocytosis. The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load was 2,122 copies/10 ng DNA, and BLV was classified as Group C based on whole genome phylogenetic analysis. Monoclonal proliferation of B-cells and monoclonal integration of the BLV provirus in the bovine genome were detected by a clonality test of B-cells and inverse PCR, respectively. Although lymph nodes were not swollen at necropsy, histopathological examination revealed neoplastic lymphocyte proliferation in lymph nodes, which were immune positive for CD5 and CD20, and negative for CD3. The heifer was diagnosed with EBL caused by BLV classified as Group C.
Topics: Animals; Female; Cattle; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis; Leukemia Virus, Bovine; Phylogeny; Proviruses; B-Lymphocytes; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37914277
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0354 -
Leukemia & Lymphoma Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 37909304
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2276058 -
BMC Nephrology Oct 2023BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) has become a major cause of kidney dysfunction and graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. On rare occasion,...
BACKGROUND
BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) has become a major cause of kidney dysfunction and graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. On rare occasion, polyomavirus has also been known to affect native kidneys of immunocompromised individuals. Only a small number of opportunistic infections have been reported in the carrier phase of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This is the first reported case of BKPyVAN in native kidneys of an HTLV-1 carrier.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 61-year-old man was referred to our hospital from a primary care physician for work-up and treatment of pneumonia. He was diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia and identified as a HTLV-1 carrier who had not yet developed adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The pneumonia was successfully treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. He had never been diagnosed with any kind of kidney dysfunction. Laboratory investigations showed a serum creatinine of 5.3 mg/dL, and urinary sediment showed cells with nuclear enlargement and inclusion bodies suggesting viral infection. The urinary Papanicolaou stain showed inclusions in swollen, ground-glass nuclei, typical of "decoy cells". Renal biopsy showed degeneration of tubules with epithelial enlargement, vacuolar degeneration, nuclear inclusion bodies, and detachment from the tubular basement membrane. Tubular nuclei showed positive staining positive for simian virus 40 large-T antigen. Polymerase chain reaction tests for BK polyomavirus DNA of both urine and plasma were positive. These findings confirmed a diagnosis of BKPyVAN. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy did not improve renal function, necessitating maintenance hemodialysis therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
BKPyVAN should be considered when acute kidney injury occurs with opportunistic infection. HTLV-1 carriers can develop opportunistic infections even before the onset of ATL.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Acute Kidney Injury; BK Virus; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Nephritis, Interstitial; Opportunistic Infections; Pneumonia; Polyomavirus Infections
PubMed: 37907886
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03373-1 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Enzootic bovine leukosis virus (BLV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) are very important infectious agents for the livestock industry worldwide. The present study aimed...
Enzootic bovine leukosis virus (BLV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) are very important infectious agents for the livestock industry worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the association between natural exposure to BLV and BHV-1 with sperm quality analyzed by Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) systems. Ten sexually mature Brahman bulls, with sanitary status BLV/BHV-1 (n = 2), BLV/BHV-1 (n = 6) and BLV/BHV-1 (n = 2) were evaluated twice, 30 days apart. Results showed that sanitary status of each bull was not associated with semen quality. It was found that the quality of the semen from the second collection was better due to the interruption of sexual rest. The evidence thus revealed that a bull infected with BLV generated good-quality contaminated semen and, therefore, that it is essential to detect contaminated seminal samples to prevent the spread of BLV. A multivariate analysis showed the presence of four sperm subpopulations in Brahman bulls that differ significantly in their kinematic patterns and with respect to sanitary status (P < 0.05), indicating that infection-free and seronegative bulls present the best kinematic parameters, which improved discrimination of sperm quality according to sanitary status. Overall, the analyses indicate that the seropositive-infected bulls with BLV and BHV-1 should be excluded from beef cattle farms.
Topics: Male; Animals; Cattle; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine; Semen Analysis; Semen; Leukemia Virus, Bovine; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37907654
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45981-9 -
[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal... 2023Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an extremely refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma that develops after persistent human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)...
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an extremely refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma that develops after persistent human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. In recent years, the number of HTLV-1 carriers has decreased due to lifestyle changes and different measures. Rapid progression in comprehensive genetic analysis techniques has revealed the molecular basis of ATL. Therefore, in addition to conventional prognostic indices based on clinical parameters, prognostic indices incorporating genetic mutations have been proposed. The standard treatment for untreated aggressive ATL is combination chemotherapy such as VCAP-AMP-VECP or CHOP, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as appropriate. Combined mogamulizumab and chemotherapy is a promising first-line treatment option for patients not eligible for transplantation. Salvage treatment with lenalidomide, brentuximab vedotin, tucidinostat, and valemetostat, in addition to mogamulizumab, has been introduced over the last decade. Advancements in allogeneic transplantation therapy, including early induction and transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for GVHD prophylaxis, have also improved patient outcomes. This article highlights recent developments in the field of ATL.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Prognosis; Transplantation, Homologous; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Lymphoma
PubMed: 37899180
DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.64.1032 -
Viruses Sep 2023The main mode of mother-to-child transmission of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 is through breastfeeding. Although the most reliable nutritional regimen to... (Review)
Review
The main mode of mother-to-child transmission of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 is through breastfeeding. Although the most reliable nutritional regimen to prevent HTLV-1 transmission is exclusive formula feeding, a recent meta-analysis revealed that short-term breastfeeding within 90 days does not increase the risk of infection. The protocol of the Japanese Health, Labor, and Welfare Science Research Group primarily recommended exclusive formula feeding for mothers who are positive for HTLV-1. However, there has been no quantitative research on the difficulties experienced by HTLV-1-positive mothers in carrying out these nutritional regimens, including the psychological burden. Therefore, this review was performed to clarify the burdens and difficulties encountered by mothers who are positive for HTLV-1; to this end, we analyzed the data registrants on the HTLV-1 career registration website "Carri-net" website. The data strongly suggest that it is not sufficient to simply recommend exclusive formula feeding or short-term breastfeeding as a means of preventing mother-to-child transmission; it is important for health care providers to understand that these nutritional regimens represent a major burden for pregnant women who are positive for HTLV-1 and to provide close support to ensure these women's health.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Infant; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Mothers; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Japan; Leukemia, T-Cell
PubMed: 37896779
DOI: 10.3390/v15102002 -
Biomolecules Oct 2023Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 carriers have a lifelong asymptomatic balance between infected cells and... (Review)
Review
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 carriers have a lifelong asymptomatic balance between infected cells and host antiviral immunity; however, 5-10% of carriers lose this balance and develop ATL. Coinfection with promotes ATL development, suggesting that the immunological status of infected individuals is a determinant of HTLV-1 pathogenicity. As CD4+ T cells play a central role in host immunity, the deregulation of their function and differentiation via HTLV-1 promotes the immune evasion of infected T cells. During ATL development, the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in key host immunity-related genes further disturbs the immunological balance. Various approaches are available for treating these abnormalities; however, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only treatment with the potential to cure ATL. The patient's immune state may contribute to the treatment outcome. Additionally, the activity of the anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 antibody, mogamulizumab, depends on immune function, including antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the immunopathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection in ATL and discuss the clinical findings that should be considered when developing treatment strategies for ATL.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Lymphoma
PubMed: 37892225
DOI: 10.3390/biom13101543 -
AIDS Reviews Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Pandemics; HIV Infections; HTLV-I Infections
PubMed: 37883995
DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000064 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Dec 2023Mother to child transmission (MTCT) of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 is associated with increased risk of adult T-cell leukemia and can be unrecognized...
Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 in a Jamaican Antenatal Population and Assessment of Pooled Testing as a Cost Reduction Strategy for Implementation of Routine Antenatal Screening.
Mother to child transmission (MTCT) of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 is associated with increased risk of adult T-cell leukemia and can be unrecognized without routine antenatal screening. We assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among pregnant women attending The University Hospital of the West Indies Antenatal Clinic, 2019, and validated a cost-effective strategy to screen antenatal clinic attendees for HTLV-1/2. Residual antenatal samples from 370 women were tested for HTLV-1/2 by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Six samples were confirmed HTLV-1 positive by Western blot (none for HTLV-2) for a prevalence of 1.62%. Four mother-child pairs were able to be recruited for HTLV testing of children, with two children testing HTLV-1/2 positive. Medical records of HTLV-1-infected women revealed that all women breastfed, indicating an unrecognized risk for HTLV MTCT. To assess whether pooling of samples as a cost-reduction strategy could be introduced, we pooled all antenatal samples received between November and December 2021 into 12 pools of eight samples/pool. Two pools were CMIA positive, and de-pooling of samples identified two CMIA-positive samples (one per pool), both confirmed as HTLV-1 by Western blot. These results indicate that HTLV-1 remains prevalent in pregnant Jamaican women and that sample pooling can be a cost-effective strategy to limit MTCT in Jamaica.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; HTLV-I Infections; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Jamaica; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Prenatal Diagnosis; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 37871588
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0118