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Pediatric Transplantation Aug 2024Sarcopenia predicts morbidity and mortality in end-stage chronic liver disease (ESCLD). Here, we describe changes in body composition in children with ESCLD before and...
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenia predicts morbidity and mortality in end-stage chronic liver disease (ESCLD). Here, we describe changes in body composition in children with ESCLD before and after liver transplantation (LT).
METHODS
Retrospective analysis of whole body DXA scans performed before and after LT over 4 years. Appendicular and whole-body fat mass and lean mass were expressed as fat mass (FMI) and lean mass (LMI) index z-scores. Sarcopenia was defined as leg LMI z-score <-1.96.
RESULTS
Eighty-three DXA scans of children before or after LT were studied. Sarcopenia had a positive correlation with weight (0.8, p < .01), height (0.48, p < .05), and BMI z-score (0.77, p < .01), as well as arm, trunk, and total mean mass indices. It correlated negatively with indices of hypersplenism: PLTs (-0.57, p < .01), Neu (-0.50, p < .05), WCC (-0.44, p < .05), and days to discharge (-0.46, p < .05). At baseline: 13/25 (52%) children were sarcopenic and stayed in the hospital after LT for longer. Eight were stunted with a higher WCC and Ne/Ly ratio. All had normal FM indices. One year after LT, 12/26 children remained sarcopenic. Seven were stunted. Two years after LT, 5/15 were sarcopenic, and 5 were stunted. Three years after LT, 1/10 was sarcopenic, and 2 were stunted. By 4 years after LT, 1/7 was sarcopenic, and the same one was stunted. FM indices remained normal.
CONCLUSIONS
Sarcopenic patients stayed longer in the hospital after LT. Lean mass indices were mostly within the normal range by 4 years after LT. 32% of children were stunted, and markers of inflammation were correlated with stunting. Fat mass was preserved at the cost of lean mass.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Liver Transplantation; Child; End Stage Liver Disease; Sarcopenia; Body Composition; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Infant
PubMed: 38895795
DOI: 10.1111/petr.14767 -
International Journal of Chronic... 2024Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and mortality. Low vitamin D status is also more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls and has been related to lower lung function, muscle atrophy and impaired musculoskeletal function. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and status with body composition (BC), as well as with its changes over time.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with COPD and controls without COPD, participating in the Individualized COPD Evaluation in relation to Ageing (ICE-Age) study, a prospective observational study, were included. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at baseline and BC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, at baseline and after two years of follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and longitudinal changes in BMI, fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mas index (FMI) and bone mineral density (BMD).
RESULTS
A total of 192 patients with COPD (57% males, mean ± SD age, 62 ± 7, FEV1, 49 ± 16% predicted) and 199 controls (45% males, mean ± SD age 61 ± 7) were included in this study. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with COPD (64 ± 26 nmol/L, 95% CI 60-68 nmol/L versus 75 ± 25 nmol/L, 95% CI 72-79 nmol/L) compared to controls. Both patients and controls presented a significant decline in FFMI and T-score hip, but vitamin D level or status did not determine differences in BC or changes in BC over time in either COPD or controls.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D status was not associated with BC or longitudinal changes in BC. However, vitamin D insufficiency and low BMD were more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Vitamin D; Aged; Bone Density; Vitamin D Deficiency; Body Composition; Absorptiometry, Photon; Time Factors; Lung; Case-Control Studies; Biomarkers; Longitudinal Studies; Linear Models; Risk Factors; Forced Expiratory Volume; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38895044
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S458102 -
Nutrients May 2024Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body...
Many people with overweight and obesity are affected by sarcopenia, which is represented by a phenotype known as sarcopenic obesity (SO), characterized by excessive body fat (BF), combined with reduced muscle mass and strength. In this population, it is vital to identify the factors associated with SO. With this aim in mind, we investigated the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and SO in patients with overweight or obesity in a nutritional setting. A total of 256 participants (23.8% female) with overweight or obesity were involved and completed a body composition assessment, including VAT mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The sample was initially categorized according to whether the individual had the SO phenotype; they were then classified according to their VAT mass into three tertiles (lowest, medium, and highest). Among the 256 participants, who had a median body mass index (BMI) of 29.3 (interquartile range (IQR): 27.0-32.4) kg/m and a median age of 51.0 (IQR: 47.0-54.0) years, 32.4% were identified as having SO, and they displayed a higher median VAT mass (517.0 (IQR: 384.5-677.0) vs. 790.0 (IQR: 654.0-1007.0) g; < 0.05). The logistic regression model that accounted for age, sex and BMI revealed that a higher VAT mass increases the risk of SO (odds ratio (OR) = 1.003; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-1.004; < 0.05). In conclusion, VAT mass appears to be an independent factor associated with SO in people with overweight or obesity. However, due to the cross-sectional design, no information regarding any causality between higher VAT mass and SO can be provided. Additional longitudinal research in this direction should therefore be conducted.
Topics: Humans; Female; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcopenia; Absorptiometry, Photon; Obesity; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Risk Factors; Overweight
PubMed: 38892578
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111645 -
Nutrients May 2024This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with...
This study aimed to compare and relate the body composition (obtained through anthropometry with the pentacompartmental model and the tricompartmental model by DXA) with bone mineral density and biochemical and nutritional parameters in Chilean adults with overweight/obesity and normal weight from La Araucanía region, Chile. A case-control study was conducted with 116 adults and volunteers from the PURE cohort, collecting sociodemographic data, BMI assessment, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body composition using the pentacompartmental model (5CM) and tricompartmental model (3CM) by DXA, as well as bone mineral density (BMD). Blood biochemical parameters (fasting glucose and lipid profile), physical activity (PA) measured by GPAQ, and average dietary habits (R24h) were measured. In the overweight/obesity group, the 5CM and 3CM adipose mass were indirectly and moderately correlated with PA ( < 0.05), except in the male 5CM group. In the overweight/obesity group, muscle and fat-free mass (FFM) of the 5CM and 3CM correlated directly and moderately with blood fasting glucose (BFG) and BMD ( < 0.05), except in females, where FFM was not related to BMD but was related to residual mass ( < 0.01). Independent of gender and BMI, bone mineral content was positively and highly correlated with BMD ( < 0.0000). In the male overweight/obesity group, bone, skin, and residual mass were correlated with BFG ( < 0.05). In conclusion, for the assessment of non-athletic adult populations, more routine use of the 5CM in clinical practice is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Male; Female; Chile; Adult; Body Composition; Obesity; Case-Control Studies; Middle Aged; Overweight; Nutritional Status; Absorptiometry, Photon; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Exercise
PubMed: 38892493
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111559 -
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Jun 2024The severity of ischemic injury was evaluated by densitometry of brain samples stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) on a rat model of cerebral...
The severity of ischemic injury was evaluated by densitometry of brain samples stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) on a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (common carotid artery occlusion) and the neuroprotective activity of an extract of Astragalus membranaceus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Phlojodicarpus sibiricus was assessed. Occlusion of the common carotid arteries led to a weakening of TTC staining of the brain tissue: densitometric indicators of the staining intensity for the cortex and striatum were lower than the corresponding indicators of sham-operated rats by 18.3 and 10.4%. The mean intensity of staining of brain samples did not differ in rats treated with the extract and sham-operated animals, which attested to its neuroprotective effect. The applied method is convenient for evaluation of the severity of ischemic brain damage at the early stages and screening potential neuroprotective agents.
PubMed: 38890211
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06118-8 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2024To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To evaluate the value of five indicators in predicting OVCF through a retrospective case-control study, and explore the internal correlation of different indicators.
METHOD
We retrospectively enrolled patients over 50 years of age who had been subjected to surgery for fragility OVCF at China Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023. Demographic characteristics, T-score based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), CT-based Hounsfield unit (HU) value, vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) and the rate of fat infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscle were collected. A 1:1 age- and sex-matched, fracture-free control group was established from patients admitted to our hospital for lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar disk herniation.
RESULTS
A total of 78 patients with lumbar fragility OVCF were included. All the five indicators were significantly correlated with the occurrence of OVCFs. Logistic regression analysis showed that average HU value and VBQ score were significantly correlated with OVCF. The area under the curve (AUC) of VBQ score was the largest (0.89). There was a significantly positive correlation between average T-score, average HU value and average total rCSA. VBQ score was significantly positive correlated with FI.
CONCLUSION
VBQ score and HU value has good value in predicting of fragility OVCF. In addition to bone mineral density, we should pay more attention to bone quality, including the fatty signal intensity in bone and the FI in paraspinal muscle.
Topics: Humans; Male; Paraspinal Muscles; Female; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Spinal Fractures; Osteoporotic Fractures; Fractures, Compression; Case-Control Studies; Bone Density; Lumbar Vertebrae; Absorptiometry, Photon; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Aged, 80 and over; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38879486
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07587-8 -
Revista Espanola de Cirugia Ortopedica... Jun 2024Vertebral compression fractures by osteoporosis (OVF) is usually a diagnostic problem and coincides on the age group of metastatic vertebral compression fractures (MVF)....
Vertebral compression fractures by osteoporosis (OVF) is usually a diagnostic problem and coincides on the age group of metastatic vertebral compression fractures (MVF). Although radiography is the first diagnostic technique, generally is not accurate for depicting demineralization and soft tissue lesions. Magnetic resonance (MRI) is the diagnostic vertebral deformities without edema and older age. Among the most relevant findings for diagnosis MVF are soft tissue mass and pedicle intensity signal asymmetries. However, reproducibility of these findings in clinical practice is moderate.
PubMed: 38878884
DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2024.06.007 -
Die Pharmazie Jun 2024Fragility fractures associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) can markedly impair quality of life. However, only 20% of patients are treated in...
Fragility fractures associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) can markedly impair quality of life. However, only 20% of patients are treated in compliance with the relevant management guidelines, and bone mineral density analysis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is only rarely performed. We report the intervention methods suggested by pharmacists and describe their efficacy. Patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the General Medicine Department of Ogaki Municipal Hospital and received steroids were enrolled. The rates of DXA implementation and compliance with GIO pharmacotherapy guidelines before and after pharmacist to physician-suggested interventions were compared. Guideline compliance was defined as prescription of osteoporosis drugs to patients with a score of ≥3. Administered prophylaxes and bone mineral density were subsequently assessed. The before and after intervention DXA rates were 1% (1/100 patients) and 96.0% (96/100 patients; P<0.01), respectively. Overall, 96.9% (93/96) of the patients met the GIO criteria for pharmacotherapy initiation (score ≥3), and the guideline compliance rates before and after the intervention were 39.8% (37/93) and 93.5% (87/93; P<0.01), respectively. Of the 56 patients who did not receive prophylaxis, 52 were recommended treatment, yielding an acceptance rate of 82.7% (43/52). Among the 37 patients receiving prophylaxis, 20 (54.1%) had a DXA-related young adult mean of ≤70%, of whom 11 (55.0%) agreed to drug therapy. The acceptance rate of pharmacotherapy recommendations for patients not receiving prophylaxis was higher than that for those receiving prophylaxis (P=0.03). Pharmacist-initiated interventions for GIO facilitates the administration of appropriate pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Osteoporosis; Pharmacists; Female; Absorptiometry, Photon; Male; Aged; Glucocorticoids; Middle Aged; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Guideline Adherence; Aged, 80 and over; Adult
PubMed: 38877679
DOI: 10.1691/ph.2024.4510 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024To evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined physical exercise of moderate intensity on inflammatory markers, as well as its relationship with body composition in...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined physical exercise of moderate intensity on inflammatory markers, as well as its relationship with body composition in young women recently admitted to a Public Institution of Higher Education.
METHODS
Longitudinal, intervention study, in which 59 female participants aged 18-25 years were evaluated before and after a combined physical exercise program for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention for analysis of C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines. Weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index and body composition was evaluated by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry before and after the intervention. Statistical analyzes performed were t-test, Willcoxon test and Spearman's correlation. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee and the Free and Informed Consent Form was signed by all participants.
RESULTS
After the intervention, there was a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and IL-12), while the anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and CRP did not change; reduction in the total body gynoid fat mass and in the percentage of body fat; increased trunk and total muscle mass. Body composition was negatively correlated with the pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1β and IL-6 and positively correlated with CRP.
CONCLUSIONS
Combined physical exercise for eight weeks acted to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, fat mass and increase in muscle mass. Inflammatory markers correlated with body fat before the intervention, suggesting the participation of visceral adipose tissue in the release of these markers in female university students.
Topics: Humans; Female; Body Composition; Young Adult; Adolescent; Adult; C-Reactive Protein; Exercise; Longitudinal Studies; Cytokines; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Absorptiometry, Photon; Inflammation
PubMed: 38876704
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.046 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Jun 2024Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to reduced bone mineral density and elevated overall fracture risk. Osteopenia affects up to 40% of patients... (Review)
Review
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are prone to reduced bone mineral density and elevated overall fracture risk. Osteopenia affects up to 40% of patients with IBD (high regional variability). Besides disease activity, IBD specialists must consider possible side effects of medication and the presence of associated diseases and extraintestinal manifestations. Osteopenia and osteoporosis remain frequent problems in patients with IBD and are often underestimated because of widely differing screening and treatment practices. Malnutrition, chronic intestinal inflammation and corticosteroid intake are the major pathophysiological factors contributing to osteoporosis. Patients with IBD are screened for osteoporosis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is recommended for all patients with a prolonged disease course of more than three months, with repeated corticosteroid administration, aged >40 years with a high FRAX risk score or aged <40 years with multiple risk factors. From a therapeutic perspective, besides good disease control, vitamin D supplementation and glucocorticoid sparing, several specific osteological options are available: bisphosphonates, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors (denosumab), parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogues and selective estrogen receptor modulators. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of IBD-associated bone loss.
Topics: Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Absorptiometry, Photon; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates
PubMed: 38875461
DOI: 10.57187/s.3407