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Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder with behavioral implications, is complex and multifactorial in origin, and is characterized by an atypical and... (Review)
Review
Misophonia is a neurophysiological disorder with behavioral implications, is complex and multifactorial in origin, and is characterized by an atypical and disproportionate emotional response to specific sounds or associated visual stimuli. Triggers include human-generated sounds, mainly sounds related to feeding and breathing processes, and repetitive mechanical sounds. In response to the triggering stimulus, the patient experiences immediate, high-intensity, disproportionate physical and emotional reactions that affect their quality of life and social functioning. The symptoms of misophonia can occur at any age, but onset in childhood or adolescence is most common. Affected children live in a constant state of anxiety, suffer continuous physical and emotional discomfort, and are thus exposed to significant chronic stress. Chronic stress, especially during childhood, has consequences on the main biological systems through the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, including the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we provide arguments for a positive correlation between misophonic pathology and gastrointestinal symptoms, and this hypothesis may be the starting point for further longitudinal studies that could investigate the correlations between these childhood vulnerabilities caused by misophonia and their effect on the gastrointestinal system. Further research to study this hypothesis is essential to ensure correct and timely diagnosis and optimal psychological and pharmacological support.
PubMed: 38929278
DOI: 10.3390/children11060699 -
BMJ Open Jun 2024The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is on the rise globally, and the use of antidepressant medications for its treatment does not usually result in full... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Study protocol on the efficacy of exergames-acceptance and commitment therapy program for the treatment of major depressive disorder: comparison with acceptance and commitment therapy alone and treatment-as-usual in a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is on the rise globally, and the use of antidepressant medications for its treatment does not usually result in full remission. However, the combination of physical exercise and psychotherapy for the treatment of MDD increase the rate of full remission among patients. This three-armed, parallel-group, double-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to assess and compare the effects between the combination of exergame and acceptance and commitment therapy (e-ACT) programme, ACT only and treatment-as-usual (TAU) control groups on the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, the degree of experiential avoidance and quality of life (QoL) and the serum levels of depression biomarkers (such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, C-reactive protein and vascular endothelial growth factor) among patients with MDD across three time points.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This RCT will recruit 126 patients with MDD who will be randomised using stratified permuted block randomisation into three groups, which are the combined e-ACT programme, ACT-only and TAU control groups in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The participants in the e-ACT and ACT-only intervention groups will undergo once a week intervention sessions for 8 weeks. Assessments will be carried out through three time points, such as the pre-intervention assessment (t), assessment immediately after completion of the intervention at 8 weeks (t) and assessment at 24 weeks after completion of the intervention (t). During each assessment, the primary outcome to be assessed includes the severity of depression symptoms, while the secondary outcomes to be assessed are the severity of anxiety symptoms, experiential avoidance, QoL and depression biomarkers.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Approval of this study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM/JEPeM/PP/23050420). The findings of the study will be published in academic peer-reviewed journals.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT05812001 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Registered on 12 April 2023.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Quality of Life; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Male; Female; Video Games; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Exercise Therapy; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38926142
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080315 -
Natural Product Research Jun 2024Korth (kratom) is a tropical indigenous tree of Southeast Asia. It is commonly consumed by the people due to its various pharmacological properties. The leaves of this... (Review)
Review
Korth (kratom) is a tropical indigenous tree of Southeast Asia. It is commonly consumed by the people due to its various pharmacological properties. The leaves of this plant are traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases including pain, fever, cough, anxiety, depression, obesity, diarrhoea, wound healing, diabetes, hypertension as well as for the prevention of cancer and improvement of sexual performance. Phytochemical investigations have confirmed the presence of more than forty alkaloids along with the presence of other bioactive secondary metabolites. Among the alkaloids isolated, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine along with their derivatives have been widely evaluated and reported to possess various pharmacological effects. Hence, the aim of this review is to shed light on the traditional uses of kratom and the scientific studies to justify the folkloric claims and active principles responsible for the various medicinal effects associated with the leaves of this plant. This review highlights the potential benefits and toxicities associated with leaves along with the phytochemistry. Moreover, the existing gaps in the field of study have been identified along with the future directions to further avail the benefits of this plant species.
PubMed: 38923960
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2371564 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024This prospective study aims to evaluate dental pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing levels in pregnant women undergoing root canal treatment. Sixty pregnant and...
This prospective study aims to evaluate dental pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing levels in pregnant women undergoing root canal treatment. Sixty pregnant and non-pregnant women presenting dental pain and an indication for root canal treatment were included in the study. Dental anxiety and catastrophizing were investigated using validated questionnaires. The endodontic intervention was performed, and a numerical scale measured preoperative and postoperative dental pain. The results were analyzed using STATA software 12.0. Unadjusted analyses assessed the association between pregnancy and pain, anxiety, and catastrophizing levels. Multiple linear regression models using 'forward stepwise' entry procedures were used to assess the independent effects of variables on pain scores. The significance level was set at 0.05. Initially, most patients experienced intense dental pain. The levels of dental pain, dental anxiety, and catastrophizing did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Logistic regression showed that postoperative pain was associated with irreversible pulpitis diagnosis (OR = 4.78; 95%CI 1.55-13.55) and high catastrophizing levels (OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.01-3.84). Preoperative and postoperative pain rates and anxiety and catastrophizing were similar between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Postoperative pain was associated with irreversible pulpitis diagnosis and high catastrophizing levels. The similarity between pregnant and non-pregnant women regarding preoperative and postoperative dental pain and catastrophizing and anxiety levels supports the indication of root canal treatment during the gestational period whenever necessary.
Topics: Humans; Female; Root Canal Therapy; Pregnancy; Adult; Prospective Studies; Dental Anxiety; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Catastrophization; Young Adult; Toothache; Surveys and Questionnaires; Pregnancy Complications; Logistic Models; Pulpitis; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 38922214
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0054 -
Dentistry Journal Jun 2024Fear and anxiety are common psychological responses to unpleasant stimuli, with dental fear being the fourth most prevalent type of fear or phobia. However, not all...
BACKGROUND
Fear and anxiety are common psychological responses to unpleasant stimuli, with dental fear being the fourth most prevalent type of fear or phobia. However, not all dental procedures cause the same level of anxiety, with dental surgery and tooth extraction being among the top five most frightening procedures in the field. Tooth extractions are also the most common surgical procedure in dental surgery. It is important to manage anxiety in the dental office by identifying the main factors.
METHODS
The study was conducted on a group of 250 patients. The survey technique and the Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ) were used in the study. Pain and stress intensity on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured in each patient before and after tooth extraction procedures.
RESULTS
Young women and people from small towns had the highest levels of anxiety. The factor causing the highest level of anxiety was fear of complications. Patients undergoing extraction of retained teeth were characterized by higher levels of anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
Perioperative stress is strongly dependent on numerous factors. For patient comfort, it may be crucial for dentists to have knowledge about these factors and the ability to utilize them to reduce stress before and after tooth extractions.
PubMed: 38920888
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060187 -
Dentistry Journal Jun 2024Dental treatment anxiety is highly prevalent worldwide. This is particularly important in the field of implantology since, in daily clinical practice, it translates into...
Dental treatment anxiety is highly prevalent worldwide. This is particularly important in the field of implantology since, in daily clinical practice, it translates into an increase in the difficulty of treatments, extending surgical times and having repercussions in the postoperative period. The aim of this multicentre, cross-sectional, epidemiological study was to determine the influence of anxiety levels in the postoperative period of an implant treatment on patients treated at two dental departments in Extremadura (Spain). To analyse anxiety levels, the modified Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale questionnaire was administered before surgical treatment. To analyse the postoperative period, another questionnaire was provided 7 days after surgery. The study was conducted on a total of 102 patients (55 men and 47 women), with a mean age of 47.99 years. The results indicated that patients with a high and severe degree of anxiety had a poorer quality of life in general. Patients with a higher degree of anxiety perceived greater swelling at 24, 48, 72 h and one week after surgery.
PubMed: 38920866
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060165 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is recognized as a significant chronic disease which affects the quality of life starting at very young ages and has a very rapid...
BACKGROUND
Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is recognized as a significant chronic disease which affects the quality of life starting at very young ages and has a very rapid evolution towards pulp complication and loss of dental tissue. Children with a high caries index DMFT are more likely to develop high levels of dental anxiety, which will influence the degree of cooperation during dental procedures. Emotions play an important role in the psychosomatic development of children, and all the factors that contribute to the modeling of these emotional states must be known and taken into consideration.
AIM
The aim of this study was to assess the association between dental anxiety in children with S-ECC and the color preferences for the components of the dental environment to reduce the levels of dental anxiety during medical visits.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
For this study, 91 children between 3 and 6 years of age diagnosed with S-ECC were selected from the Pediatric Dentistry Department of UMFST from Targu Mures and from a private dental office. The level of dental anxiety was determined by measuring the pulse rate, and a questionnaire was completed to establish the color preferences for the dental office environment and the dentist's attire. For this purpose, six different colors and their variants with three shades less intensity were chosen by using RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) identification codes for each color.
RESULT
The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the age of the subjects and dental anxiety levels, but there was no significant correlation between the DMFT score and dental anxiety. Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference between girls and boys when choosing the colors preferred by them for the dental office, but when comparing the colors that represented happiness, significant statistical difference was found between the girls' and boys' groups ( = 0.0039). For all the subjects, the colors associated with happiness were light yellow and pink, while the colors associated with anxiety were red and dark blue.
CONCLUSION
The data obtained showed that dental anxiety is strongly influenced by age, and an important role in inducing positive emotions is played by the dental environment if dressed in specific colors in order to reduce dental anxiety and create familiar conditions, especially for young children with S-ECC.
PubMed: 38920856
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060155 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024Rumination is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. It has been associated with several psychological disorders and physical problems. This cross-sectional study...
OBJECTIVES
Rumination is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. It has been associated with several psychological disorders and physical problems. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether cognitive rumination is associated with periodontal disease (PD), tooth loss (TL), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A population-based sample from a rural area in southern Brazil was evaluated. Calibrated examiners carried out a complete periodontal examination at six sites-per-tooth. Rumination and Reflection (RRQ) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaires were administered. Regression modeling was used to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) between rumination and PD and to estimate the rate ratio (RR) between rumination and TL and rumination and OHIP.
RESULTS
Severe periodontitis prevalence of 33% was observed in the sample. In the Poisson-adjusted model (n = 587), individuals who ruminate more have 27% more periodontal disease (PR: 1.27, 95%CI:1.02 - 1.60). Regarding TL and OHIP, negative binomial regression (n = 672) showed an association with rumination, but it was not significant (RR 1.14, 95%CI 0.99 - 1.31) and (RR 1.20, 95%CI 0.98 - 1.48), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive rumination was independently associated with periodontal disease in individuals living in a rural area. Borderline non-significant estimates were observed regarding TL and OHRQoL. More research using different populations and focusing on individual's responses to psychological stress may confirm these results.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Emotional regulation is crucial to deal with stress, anxiety, and depression. Since psychopathologies are among the most prevalent diseases in the world, it is critical to understand the role of these issues in dental outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Female; Male; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tooth Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Prevalence; Rumination, Cognitive; Oral Health; Aged
PubMed: 38918232
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05779-z -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Jun 2024Due to the anatomical intricacy of the region and the possibility of psychological as well as physical damage, maxillofacial injuries are unusual. Studies have shown...
BACKGROUND
Due to the anatomical intricacy of the region and the possibility of psychological as well as physical damage, maxillofacial injuries are unusual. Studies have shown that general psychological morbidity is more prevalent following maxillofacial trauma leading to post-traumatic stress disorder and behavioural changes at various times.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the quality of life and levels of stress, depression and anxiety in patients following facial trauma.
METHODOLOGY
Prospective research including 30 patients with maxillofacial injuries was conducted. Based on the requirements for inclusion and exclusion, these patients were included in the trial and were provided with psychological counselling and guidance from their time of admission till the follow-up period. The baseline levels of quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed at the time of presentation (T0), 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T2), using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire.
RESULTS
The levels of stress, anxiety and depression, as well as quality of life, did not differ significantly ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
There is no correlation between maxillofacial trauma and levels of anxiety, depression, stress and quality of life if the subjects are exposed to psychotherapy and guidance.
PubMed: 38911418
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-02040-0 -
Cureus May 2024This study aimed to determine the age and reason of pediatric patients at the first visit and the barriers to a late visit.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the age and reason of pediatric patients at the first visit and the barriers to a late visit.
METHODOLOGY
A study was conducted among guardians of children attending the Outpatient Pediatric Dentistry Department. Children who visit the dentist for the first time were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used and the behavior of children was evaluated by using Frankl's scale. Descriptive statistics was used to explore the general data.
RESULTS
A total of 211 children had their first dental visit. The majority (n = 112, 53.1%) visited the dentist for the first time at the age of three to six years. Reasons for the first dental visit for most children were dental caries (n = 118, 32.8%) followed by dental pain (n = 114, 31.7%). More than half of the parents (n = 160, 75.8%) reported that the overall experience of the first visit was very good. The highest reported barriers to a late dental visit were that the child's not complaining of dental problems (n = 60, 20.5%) and dental fear and anxiety (n = 58, 19.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the children in this study visited the dentist for the first time beyond the internationally recommended age and the reason behind this visit is to relieve a specific chief complaint. Moreover, the barriers contributing to the postponement of a child's first dental visit vary in this study. The child not complaining of any dental problems and dental fear and anxiety were the highest reported barriers.
PubMed: 38910657
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60942