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Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2024Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potentials. As such, DPSCs have a wide range of clinical applications. Low-level...
BACKGROUND
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potentials. As such, DPSCs have a wide range of clinical applications. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has positive photobiostimulatory effects on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration, and fracture healing. However, there have been few studies on the effect of low-energy lasers on DPSC proliferation.
METHODS
DPSCs were obtained from dental pulp tissue. The effects of LLLT on the proliferation of DPSCs and the associated mechanisms were investigated by culture and laser irradiation.
RESULTS
LLLT with energy densities of 3.5 J/cm2 and 14 J/cm2promoted the proliferation of DPSCs. Differential protein expression studies suggested the stimulation of DPSC proliferation by LLLT involved the PI3K-Akt and Rap1 signaling pathways, as well as the apoptosis-related pathway.
CONCLUSION
This preliminary study demonstrated that low-energy lasers have a pro-proliferative effect on DPSCs, and identified possible associated mechanisms. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of DPSCs and suggest novel strategies for the treatment of related diseases.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Stem Cells; Low-Level Light Therapy; Cells, Cultured; Signal Transduction; Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38940041
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2906211 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The present systematic review aims to assess the success rate of the pulp regeneration treatment, according to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The present systematic review aims to assess the success rate of the pulp regeneration treatment, according to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria, using different bioactive materials in permanent teeth of pediatric subjects (6-17 years of age).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The question formulation was accomplished using the PICO model, and an electronic search was carried out on Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases till April 1, 2023. A total of 30 studies were established to fulfill the inclusion criteria of this systematic review.
RESULTS
A total of 273 teeth have been treated with pulp regeneration treatment. By comparing different biomaterials and the success criteria defined by the AAE, the material associated with a higher success rate was found to be the white mineral trioxide aggregate. However, the overall success rate of pulp regeneration treatment was reported for 248 out of 273 teeth (91.20%).
CONCLUSIONS
Data obtained support the potential that regenerative endodontics aids in continuing root development in permanent immature teeth. Further studies are needed for a more extensive evaluation of the use of different biomaterials and the success rate in regenerative endodontics.
PubMed: 38939542
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_140_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the mineralization rate of the reparative dentin when it is used as a...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the mineralization rate of the reparative dentin when it is used as a mixing medium with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Direct pulp capping (DPC) was performed on 90 teeth from 10 dogs that had been experimentally exposed. The exposed pulps were divided into three groups according to the mixing medium with MTA: Group I: MTA + distilled water (control group), Group II: MTA + hybrid cooperative complex HA (HCC-HA), Group III: MTA + high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA). After pulp capping, all cavities were restored with final restoration. The dogs were divided randomly into five groups (two dogs each) according to the evaluation periods (7, 14, 21, 30, and 60) days. At the end of the study, the dogs were euthanized, and the sampled teeth were processed for immunohistochemical investigation.
RESULTS
Both types of HA (HCC-HA, HMW-HA) showed an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at a higher rate than using distilled water with MTA.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, HA proved to be an effective additive to MTA for DPC.
PubMed: 38939541
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_88_24 -
Macromolecular Bioscience Jun 2024When a tooth is diseased or damaged through caries, bioactive molecules are liberated from the pulp and dentin as part of the natural response to injury and these are...
When a tooth is diseased or damaged through caries, bioactive molecules are liberated from the pulp and dentin as part of the natural response to injury and these are key molecules for stimulating stem cell responses for tissue repair. Incorporation of these extracellular matrix (ECM) derived molecules into a hydrogel model can mimic in vivo conditions to enable dentin-pulp complex regeneration. In this study, a chitosan/alginate (C/A) hydrogel was developed to sequester bovine ECM extracts. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were cultured with these constructs and proliferation and cytotoxicity assays confirmed that these C/A hydrogels were bioactive. Sequential z-axis fluorescent imaging visualized hDPCs protruding into the hydrogel as it degraded. Alizarin red S staining showed hDPCs cultured with the hydrogels displayed increased calcium ion deposition, with dentin ECM stimulating the highest levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased, as was expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) as demonstrated using immunocytochemistry. Directional analysis following phase contrast kinetic image capture demonstrated that both dentin and pulp ECM molecules acted as chemoattractants for hDPCs. Data from this study demonstrated that purified ECM from dental pulp and dentin when delivered in a C/A hydrogel stimulated dental tissue repair processes in vitro. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PubMed: 38938070
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400254 -
International Journal of Paediatric... Jun 2024To compare two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis techniques for measuring tertiary dentin (TD) volume, density, and root length increase, after indirect pulp...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
To compare two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis techniques for measuring tertiary dentin (TD) volume, density, and root length increase, after indirect pulp therapy (IPT) in young permanent teeth with conventional periapical radiographs.
DESIGN
Comparative study design: Sixty-nine CBCT scans were taken initially (T1) and after 1 year (T2) of IPT. New CBCT analysis technique A, standardization, segmentation, and registration of T1 and T2 scans were performed using ITK-SNAP and 3D Slicer CMF to measure TD volume (mm), density (gray-level intensity), and root length increase (mm). In the traditional CBCT analysis technique B, analyses were conducted using the In-Vivo software to calculate TD thickness (mm), radiodensity (HU%), and root length increase (mm). Paired t-test and the intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated to compare and assess the reliability of all techniques.
RESULTS
No significant difference between the two techniques existed in the measurement of TD mineral density (Mean [SD]:A = 22.4 [15.4]; B = 24.4 [15.4]; p = .47). Technique A resulted in significantly higher root length increase values (Mean [SD]: A = 1.3 [0.6]; B = 1.1 [0.5]; p = .03). The two techniques showed acceptable reliability levels (0.76-0.99).
CONCLUSION
CBCT analysis techniques yielded similar findings for mineral density. The new CBCT volumetric analysis technique, although more laborious, produced higher values for root length increase, and allowed for measurement of dentin volume.
PubMed: 38937920
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13232 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2024Evaluate a new light-cured material with better properties for vital pulp therapy.
OBJECTIVES
Evaluate a new light-cured material with better properties for vital pulp therapy.
METHODS
Light-cured resin materials consisted of polyethylene glycol (600) diacrylate mixed with different ratios of TCP to HA. In addition to the temperature change (n = 5 for each subgroup) were tested, cell viability and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) assay were also tested in vitro on human dental pulp cells (n = 6 for each subgroup). Lastly, the material was then compared with Biodentine and control groups in the molars of Wistar rats in vivo for histology assessment.
RESULTS
The temperature change for the new materials were under 5 degrees Celsius. For the in vitro assessments, there was no significant difference on day 3 and day 7 for cell viability test. ARS assay showed significantly higher mineralized nodule formation when treated without induction medium for Group D and Biodentine on day 10 compared to Group C and control. On the contrary, Biodentine and control groups treated with induction medium showed significant higher mineralization than the new materials. Histology assessments demonstrated higher mineralized content in Group D and Biodentine on week 3 and week 6. The inflammatory cells in the dental pulp complex of the Biodentine group resolved on week 6 while the inflammation resolved in Group D on week 3.
SIGNIFICANCE
The new material exhibits low heat production, low cytotoxicity, and good calcium ion release capability. Compared to traditional materials, it has shorter setting time and better aesthetic outcomes, making it highly suitable for use in vital pulp therapy.
PubMed: 38937202
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.009 -
Tissue & Cell Jun 2024Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) originate from the neural crest and the present mesenchymal phenotype showed self-renewal capabilities and can differentiate into at least... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) originate from the neural crest and the present mesenchymal phenotype showed self-renewal capabilities and can differentiate into at least three lineages. DPSCs are easily isolated with minimal harm, no notable ethical constraints, and without general anesthesia to the donor individuals. Furthermore, cryopreservation of DPSCs provides this opportunity for autologous transplantation in future studies without fundamental changes in stemness, viability, proliferation, and differentiating features. Current approaches for pulp tissue regeneration include pulp revascularization, cell-homing-based regenerative endodontic treatment (RET), cell-transplantation-based regenerative endodontic treatment, and allogeneic transplantation. In recent years, a novel technology, organoid, provides a mimic physiological condition and tissue construct that can be applied for tissue engineering, genetic manipulation, disease modeling, single-cell high throughput analysis, living biobank, cryopreserving and maintaining cells, and therapeutic approaches based on personalized medicine. The organoids can be a reliable preclinical prediction model for evaluating cell behavior, monitoring drug response or resistance, and comparing healthy and pathological conditions for therapeutic and prognostic approaches. In the current review, we focused on the promising application of 3D organoid technology based on DPSCs in oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration. We discussed encountering challenges and limitations, and found promising solutions to overcome obstacles.
PubMed: 38936200
DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102451 -
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental... Jun 2024Decellularized tissues are an attractive scaffolds for 3D tissue engineering. Decellularized animal tissues have certain limitations such as the availability of tissue,...
Decellularized tissues are an attractive scaffolds for 3D tissue engineering. Decellularized animal tissues have certain limitations such as the availability of tissue, high costs and ethical concerns related to the use of animal sources. Plant-based tissue decellularized scaffolds could be a better option to overcome the problem. The leaves of different plants offer a unique opportunity for the development of tissue-specific scaffolds, depending on the reticulate or parallel veination. Herein, we decellularized spinach leaves and employed these for the propagation and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). DPSCs were characterized by using mesenchymal stem cell surface markers CD90, CD105 and CD73 and CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR using flow cytometry. Spinach leaves were decellularized using ethanol, NaOH and HCL. Cytotoxicity of spinach leaf scaffolds were analysed by MTT assay. Decellularized spinach leaves supported dental pulp stem cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Our data demonstrate that the decellularized spinach cellulose scaffolds can stimulate the growth, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In this study, we showed the versatile nature of decellularized plant leaves as a biological scaffold and their potential for bone regeneration in vitro.
PubMed: 38935255
DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00937-9 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
AIMS
Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of bilateral teeth posterior to canine in interval of one week.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Thirty-five patients were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two different groups: Group 1 - (2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000)) and Group 2 - (4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000)) solution. The study variables for each anaesthetic agent were: onset of action and depth of anaesthesia. A pulp tester was used to demonstrate quantitative values and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for qualitative evaluation of the two anaesthetic drugs in 2 min cycle for 10 min with respect to test canine. Anaesthesia was considered successful when pulp tester value 64 was achieved in 10 min for both the anaesthetic agent.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
The difference in the efficacy of lignocaine and articaine was analysed using Student's t test. Within group comparison of the response to the pulp vitality test and VAS over various time periods was analysed using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni test.
RESULTS
Data analysis showed statistical differences in onset and depth of anaesthesia between the two groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
4% Articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) onset of action is faster and depth of anaesthesia is better compared to 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000). Many previous studies reported onset of anaesthesia, but this study evaluates onset and depth of both the anaesthetic agent quantitatively and qualitatively.
Topics: Humans; Carticaine; Lidocaine; Anesthetics, Local; Nerve Block; Mandibular Nerve; Epinephrine; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Young Adult; Male; Dental Pulp Test; Dental Pulp; Pain Measurement; Female; Tooth Extraction; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Adolescent; Cuspid; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38934747
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_678_23 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators...
Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators of dental pulp cell (DPC) mineralisation processes. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding the nature of histone modification and HDAC expression in the dentine-pulp complex during dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate post-translational histone modulation and HDAC expression during DPC mineralisation and the expression of Class I/II HDACs during tooth development and in adult teeth. HDAC expression (isoforms -1 to -6) was analysed in mineralising primary rat DPCs using qRT-PCR and Western blot with mass spectrometry being used to analyse post-translational histone modifications. Maxillary molar teeth from postnatal and adult rats were analysed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for HDACs (1-6). HDAC-1, -2, and -4 protein expression increased until days 7 and 11, but decreased at days 14 and 21, while other HDAC expression increased continuously for 21 days. The Class II mineralisation-associated HDAC-4 was strongly expressed in postnatal sample odontoblasts and DPCs, but weakly in adult teeth, while other Class II HDACs (-5, -6) were relatively strongly expressed in postnatal DPCs and adult odontoblasts. Among Class I HDACs, HDAC-1 showed high expression in postnatal teeth, notably in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. HDAC-2 and -3 had extremely low expression in the rat dentine-pulp complex. Significant increases in acetylation were noted during DPC mineralisation processes, while trimethylation H3K9 and H3K27 marks decreased, and the HDAC-inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced H3K27me3. These results highlight a dynamic alteration in histone acetylation during mineralisation and indicate the relevance of Class II HDAC expression in tooth development and regenerative processes.
Topics: Animals; Acetylation; Rats; Histone Deacetylases; Dentinogenesis; Dentin; Dental Pulp; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Histones; Molar; Odontoblasts; Male
PubMed: 38928274
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126569