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American Journal of Psychotherapy Jul 2024Borderline personality disorder is a common condition characterized by numerous comorbid conditions, frequent use of clinical services, and an elevated lifetime risk for... (Review)
Review
Borderline personality disorder is a common condition characterized by numerous comorbid conditions, frequent use of clinical services, and an elevated lifetime risk for suicide. Good psychiatric management (GPM) was developed for patients with borderline personality disorder with the purpose of supporting wider community adoption and dissemination compared with existing therapies. The authors aimed to review the foundations and development of GPM, in particular the initial Canadian study assessing the therapy. They then reviewed the progress in research arising from the initial study and explored the research and educational opportunities needed to further the development of GPM for patients with borderline personality disorder. Research has indicated that patients with borderline personality disorder with complex comorbid conditions and impulsivity may benefit from GPM. Future research needs include noninferiority and equivalence studies comparing GPM with another evidence-based treatment; studies demonstrating that evidence-based therapies for borderline personality disorder improve functioning; and research on more accessible therapies, mechanisms of action for evidence-based therapies, extending therapies to patients with borderline personality disorder and significant comorbid conditions, and modifying therapies for men with borderline personality disorder. Attention should be directed toward testing stepped care models and integrating therapies such as GPM into psychiatric training programs. GPM is in development but shows promise as a therapy that is effective and accessible and that can be widely disseminated.
PubMed: 38952224
DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20230044 -
JMIR Medical Education Jun 2024Multiple-choice examinations are frequently used in German dental schools. However, details regarding the used item types and applied scoring methods are lacking.
BACKGROUND
Multiple-choice examinations are frequently used in German dental schools. However, details regarding the used item types and applied scoring methods are lacking.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to gain insight into the current use of multiple-choice items (ie, questions) in summative examinations in German undergraduate dental training programs.
METHODS
A paper-based 10-item questionnaire regarding the used assessment methods, multiple-choice item types, and applied scoring methods was designed. The pilot-tested questionnaire was mailed to the deans of studies and to the heads of the Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry at all 30 dental schools in Germany in February 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test (P<.05).
RESULTS
The response rate amounted to 90% (27/30 dental schools). All respondent dental schools used multiple-choice examinations for summative assessments. Examinations were delivered electronically by 70% (19/27) of the dental schools. Almost all dental schools used single-choice Type A items (24/27, 89%), which accounted for the largest number of items in approximately half of the dental schools (13/27, 48%). Further item types (eg, conventional multiple-select items, Multiple-True-False, and Pick-N) were only used by fewer dental schools (≤67%, up to 18 out of 27 dental schools). For the multiple-select item types, the applied scoring methods varied considerably (ie, awarding [intermediate] partial credit and requirements for partial credit). Dental schools with the possibility of electronic examinations used multiple-select items slightly more often (14/19, 74% vs 4/8, 50%). However, this difference was statistically not significant (P=.38). Dental schools used items either individually or as key feature problems consisting of a clinical case scenario followed by a number of items focusing on critical treatment steps (15/27, 56%). Not a single school used alternative testing methods (eg, answer-until-correct). A formal item review process was established at about half of the dental schools (15/27, 56%).
CONCLUSIONS
Summative assessment methods among German dental schools vary widely. Especially, a large variability regarding the use and scoring of multiple-select multiple-choice items was found.
Topics: Germany; Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires; Educational Measurement; Education, Dental; Schools, Dental
PubMed: 38952022
DOI: 10.2196/58126 -
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science Jul 2024
Correction to "Marginal fit of three different nanocomposite inlays fabricated with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology: a comparative study".
PubMed: 38952017
DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.00934.e1 -
JMIR Aging Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Veterans; Retrospective Studies; Frailty; Aged; Male; Female; Frail Elderly; Aged, 80 and over; Geriatric Assessment; United States
PubMed: 38952001
DOI: 10.2196/56345 -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Jul 2024Alveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction poses significant challenges for future dental restorations. This study investigated the efficacy of fish...
Alveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction poses significant challenges for future dental restorations. This study investigated the efficacy of fish scale-derived hydroxyapatite (FSHA) as a socket preservation graft material to maintain alveolar bone volume and architecture. FSHA was extracted from *Labeo rohita* fish scales and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. In vitro, biocompatibility and osteogenic potential were assessed using Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells. Cell viability, migration, and proliferation were evaluated using MTT and scratch assays. In vivo performance was assessed in a rat model, and FSHA was compared to a commercial xenograft (Osseograft) and ungrafted controls. Histological analysis was performed at 8-week post-implantation to quantify new bone formation. FTIR confirmed the purity and homogeneity of FSHA. In vitro, FSHA enhanced Saos-2 viability, migration, and proliferation compared to controls. In vivo, FSHA demonstrated superior bone regeneration compared to Osseograft and ungrafted sites, with balanced graft resorption and new bone formation. Histological analysis revealed an active incorporation of FSHA into new bone, with minimal gaps and ongoing remodeling. Approximately 50%-60% of FSHA was resorbed by 8 weeks, closely matching the rate of new bone deposition. FSHA stimulated more bone formation in the apical socket region than in coronal areas. In conclusion, FSHA is a promising biomaterial for alveolar ridge preservation, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, osteogenic potential, and balanced resorption. Its ability to promote robust bone regeneration highlights its potential as an effective alternative to currently used graft materials in socket preservation procedures.
PubMed: 38951991
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2627 -
Periodontology 2000 Jul 2024While peri-implant mucositis relies solely on clinical parameters, radiological assessment becomes indispensable for diagnosing peri-implantitis. Intraoral radiography,... (Review)
Review
While peri-implant mucositis relies solely on clinical parameters, radiological assessment becomes indispensable for diagnosing peri-implantitis. Intraoral radiography, with its simplicity of application, low radiation exposure, and adequate representation of peri-implant structures, stands out as the standard of care for both immediate and follow-up assessments. Standardization by custom-made radiologic splints allows for excellent comparability with previous images and allows for the determination of even small changes in contour and density of the peri-implant bone. Furthermore, other radiographic modalities like panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) may provide useful features for specific patients and clinical cases while also showing innate limitations. Beyond the assessment of the marginal peri-implant bone level as the crucial parameter of clinical relevance, radiologic assessment may reveal various other findings related to the prosthetic restoration itself, the precision of its fit to the implant, and the peri-implant soft and hard tissues. Since such findings can be crucial for the assessment of peri-implant health and the implants' prognosis, a systematic diagnostic evaluation pathway for a thorough assessment is recommended to extract all relevant information from radiologic imaging. This article also provides an overview of the clinical and chronological indications for different imaging modalities in peri-implant issues.
PubMed: 38951952
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12577 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jul 2024
Topics: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Humans; Dermal Fillers; Hyaluronic Acid; Cosmetic Techniques; Skin Aging
PubMed: 38951943
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13839 -
Periodontology 2000 Jul 2024Radiographic examination has been an essential part of the diagnostic workflow in periodontology and implant dentistry. However, radiographic examination unavoidably... (Review)
Review
Radiographic examination has been an essential part of the diagnostic workflow in periodontology and implant dentistry. However, radiographic examination unavoidably involves ionizing radiation and its associated risks. Clinicians and researchers have invested considerable efforts in assessing the feasibility and capability of utilizing nonionizing imaging modalities to replace traditional radiographic imaging. Two such modalities have been extensively evaluated in clinical settings, namely, ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Another modality, optical coherence tomography (OCT), has been under investigation more recently. This review aims to provide an overview of the literature and summarize the usage of USG, MRI, and OCT in evaluating health and pathology of periodontal and peri-implant tissues. Clinical studies have shown that USG could accurately measure gingival height and crestal bone level, and classify furcation involvement. Due to physical constraints, USG may be more applicable to the buccal surfaces of the dentition even with an intra-oral probe. Clinical studies have also shown that MRI could visualize the degree of soft-tissue inflammation and osseous edema, the extent of bone loss at furcation involvement sites, and periodontal bone level. However, there was a lack of clinical studies on the evaluation of peri-implant tissues by MRI. Moreover, an MRI machine is very expensive, occupies much space, and requires more time than cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or intraoral radiographs to complete a scan. The feasibility of OCT to evaluate periodontal and peri-implant tissues remains to be elucidated, as there are only preclinical studies at the moment. A major shortcoming of OCT is that it may not reach the bottom of the periodontal pocket, particularly for inflammatory conditions, due to the absorption of near-infrared light by hemoglobin. Until future technological breakthroughs finally overcome the limitations of USG, MRI and OCT, the practical imaging modalities for routine diagnostics of periodontal and peri-implant tissues remain to be plain radiographs and CBCTs.
PubMed: 38951932
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12591 -
Genome Biology Jul 2024Computational variant effect predictors offer a scalable and increasingly reliable means of interpreting human genetic variation, but concerns of circularity and bias...
BACKGROUND
Computational variant effect predictors offer a scalable and increasingly reliable means of interpreting human genetic variation, but concerns of circularity and bias have limited previous methods for evaluating and comparing predictors. Population-level cohorts of genotyped and phenotyped participants that have not been used in predictor training can facilitate an unbiased benchmarking of available methods. Using a curated set of human gene-trait associations with a reported rare-variant burden association, we evaluate the correlations of 24 computational variant effect predictors with associated human traits in the UK Biobank and All of Us cohorts.
RESULTS
AlphaMissense outperformed all other predictors in inferring human traits based on rare missense variants in UK Biobank and All of Us participants. The overall rankings of computational variant effect predictors in these two cohorts showed a significant positive correlation.
CONCLUSION
We describe a method to assess computational variant effect predictors that sidesteps the limitations of previous evaluations. This approach is generalizable to future predictors and could continue to inform predictor choice for personal and clinical genetics.
Topics: Humans; Benchmarking; Genetic Variation; Phenotype; Computational Biology; Genotype
PubMed: 38951922
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03314-7 -
Periodontology 2000 Jul 2024This review discusses the role of diagnostic measures in the lifelong management of periodontal disease and peri-implant complications. After active treatment, these... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the role of diagnostic measures in the lifelong management of periodontal disease and peri-implant complications. After active treatment, these conditions require regular monitoring of the supporting structures of teeth and dental implants to assess bone and soft tissue health over time. Several clinical measures have been developed for the routine assessment of periodontal and peri-implant tissues, including periodontal and peri-implant probing, bleeding on probing, intraoral radiography, biomarker analysis, and microbiological testing. This review highlights the evolution of diagnostic practices, integrating traditional methods with emerging technologies such as resonance frequency analysis and ultrasound imaging to provide a holistic view of peri-implant health assessment. In addition to objective measurements, patient risk factors are considered. The goals of periodontal and peri-implant maintenance are to control disease activity and stabilize tissues through supportive care, which includes diagnostic measures at follow-up visits. This enables clinicians to monitor treatment outcomes, assess health status, and detect recurrence or progression early through routine evaluation, allowing additional interventions, including adjustment of supportive therapy intervals, to further improve and maintain periodontal and peri-implant stability over time.
PubMed: 38951873
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12588