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BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Oral lichen planus carries a risk for malignancy. The pathogenesis of the disease is mediated by various inflammatory mediators. Several mediators could be responsible... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Oral lichen planus carries a risk for malignancy. The pathogenesis of the disease is mediated by various inflammatory mediators. Several mediators could be responsible for the oncogenic behavior in certain cases. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1), and its possible correlation to Galactin-3 (Gal-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) over expression represents an important indicator for malignant transformation. The investigation of these factors may present evidence-based information on malignant transformation of the disease.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
The study investigated the expression of HIF-1, Gla-3 and MMP-9 in tissue samples of OLP compared to control subjects of un-inflamed gingival overgrowth. 20 biospecimen were allocated in each group.
RESULTS
Immunohistochemical findings of OLP showed immunoreactivity for Galectin 3, HIF1a and MMP-9 by most of the epithelial cells. There was a positive correlation between HIF1α and MMP-9, r = 0.9301 (P-value < 0.00001). A positive correlation was detected between Galectin 3 and MMP-9, r = 0.7292 (P-value = 0.000264) between Galectin 3 and HIF1α, r = 0.5893 (P-value = 0.006252).
CONCLUSION
These findings confirm the hypothesis that the adaptive pathways to hypoxia as Gal 3 and MMP-9 expressions and their HIF-1 may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis of OLP.
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Lichen Planus, Oral; Galectin 3; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Galectins; Adult; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Epithelial Cells; Case-Control Studies; Immunohistochemistry; Blood Proteins
PubMed: 38951854
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04457-6 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Oral cancer, including malignancies of the tongue, lips, floor of the mouth, cheek mucosa, gums, palate, and oropharynx, is life-threatening. Early diagnosis and...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Oral cancer, including malignancies of the tongue, lips, floor of the mouth, cheek mucosa, gums, palate, and oropharynx, is life-threatening. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for long-term survival. Dentists frequently encounter oral cancers due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and experience of dentists in Turkey regarding oral cancers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 361 participants were included in the study, and survey questions were sent via email. The survey consisted of 16 questions measuring demographic data and knowledge about oral cancerous lesions. Participants were grouped based on their specialization and knowledge level, and differences in responses among groups were examined.
RESULTS
Only 21.3% of the participants felt they had sufficient knowledge and experience about oral cancerous lesions. Overall, the correct answer rates indicated a moderate level of knowledge and experience. When grouped by specialization, oral surgeons had the highest accuracy in their responses (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Dentists are the professional group that most frequently encounters clinically oral cancerous lesions. Therefore, it is critically important for them to be knowledgeable and experienced to reduce morbidity and mortality through early diagnosis. This study evaluated the knowledge status of dentists in Turkey regarding oral cancer and highlighted the need for improved education.
Topics: Humans; Turkey; Mouth Neoplasms; Dentists; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Surveys and Questionnaires; Clinical Competence; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 38951844
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04533-x -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Gutta-percha (GP) combined with an endodontic sealer is still the core material most widely used for tridimensional obturation. The sealer acts as a bonding agent...
BACKGROUND
Gutta-percha (GP) combined with an endodontic sealer is still the core material most widely used for tridimensional obturation. The sealer acts as a bonding agent between the GP and the root dentinal walls. However, one of the main drawbacks of GP core material is the lack of adhesiveness to the sealer. ZnO thin films have many remarkable features due to their considerable bond strength, good optical quality, and excellent piezoelectric, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, offering many potential applications in various fields. This study aimed to explore the influence of GP surface's functionalization with a nanostructured ZnO thin film on its adhesiveness to endodontic sealers.
METHODS
Conventional GP samples were divided randomly into three groups: (a) Untreated GP (control); (b) GP treated with argon plasma (PT); (c) Functionalized GP (PT followed by ZnO thin film deposition). GP's surface functionalization encompassed a multi-step process. First, a low-pressure argon PT was applied to modify the GP surface, followed by a ZnO thin film deposition via magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology was assessed using SEM and water contact angle analysis. Further comprehensive testing included tensile bond strength assessment evaluating Endoresin and AH Plus Bioceramic sealers' adhesion to GP. ANOVA procedures were used for data statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The ZnO thin film reproduced the underlying surface topography produced by PT. ZnO thin film deposition decreased the water contact angle compared to the control (p < 0.001). Endoresin showed a statistically higher mean bond strength value than AH Plus Bioceramic (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the control and the ZnO-functionalized GP (p = 0.006), with the latter presenting the highest mean bond strength value.
CONCLUSIONS
The deposition of a nanostructured ZnO thin film on GP surface induced a shift towards hydrophilicity and an increased GP's adhesion to Endoresin and AH Bioceramic sealers.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Root Canal Filling Materials; Nanostructures; Gutta-Percha; Dental Bonding; Surface Properties; Humans; Materials Testing; Adhesiveness; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 38951790
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04496-z -
BMC Anesthesiology Jun 2024Awake extubation and deep extubation are commonly used anesthesia techniques. In this study, the safety of propofol-assisted deep extubation in the dental treatment of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
Awake extubation and deep extubation are commonly used anesthesia techniques. In this study, the safety of propofol-assisted deep extubation in the dental treatment of children was assessed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Children with severe caries who received dental treatment under general anesthesia and deep extubation between January 2017 and June 2023 were included in this study. Data were collected on the following variables: details and time of anesthesia, perioperative vital signs, and incidence of postoperative complications. The incidence of laryngeal spasm (LS) was considered to be the primary observation indicator.
RESULTS
The perioperative data obtained from 195 children undergoing dental treatment was reviewed. The median age was 4.2 years (range: 2.3 to 9.6 years), and the average duration of anesthesia was 2.56 h (range 1 to 4.5 h). During intubation with a videoscope, purulent mucus was found in the pharyngeal cavity of seven children (3.6%); LS occurred in five of them (2.6%), and one child developed a fever (T = 37.8 °C) after discharge. Five children (2.6%) experienced emergence agitation (EA) in the recovery room. Also, 13 children (6.7%) experienced epistaxis; 10 had a mild experience and three had a moderate experience. No cases of airway obstruction (AO) and hypoxemia were recorded. The time to open eyes (TOE) was 16.3 ± 7.2 min. The incidence rate of complications was 23/195 (11.8%). Emergency tracheal reintubation was not required. Patients with mild upper respiratory tract infections showed a significantly higher incidence of complications (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Propofol-assisted deep extubation is a suitable technique that can be used for pediatric patients who exhibited non-cooperation in the outpatient setting. Epistaxis represents the most frequently encountered complication. Preoperative upper respiratory tract infection significantly increases the risk of complications. The occurrence of EA was notably lower than reported in other studies.
Topics: Humans; Airway Extubation; Child, Preschool; Retrospective Studies; Propofol; Child; Male; Female; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthesia, General; Postoperative Complications; Laryngismus; Intubation, Intratracheal; Anesthesia, Dental
PubMed: 38951786
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02599-2 -
BMC Medical Education Jul 2024
PubMed: 38951774
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05721-7 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This study investigated the effectiveness of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in diagnosing and staging caries lesions in quantitative light-induced...
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the effectiveness of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) in diagnosing and staging caries lesions in quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images taken by a self-manufactured handheld device.
METHODS
A small toothbrush-like device consisting of a 400 nm UV light-emitting lamp with a 470 nm filter was manufactured for intraoral imaging. A total of 133 cases with 9,478 QLF images of teeth were included for caries lesion evaluation using a CNN model. The database was divided into development, validation, and testing cohorts at a 7:2:1 ratio. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for model performance.
RESULTS
The overall caries prevalence was 19.59%. The CNN model achieved an AUC of 0.88, an accuracy of 0.88, a specificity of 0.94, and a sensitivity of 0.64 in the validation cohort. They achieved an overall accuracy of 0.92, a sensitivity of 0.95 and a specificity of 0.55 in the testing cohort. The model can distinguish different stages of caries well, with the best performance in detecting deep caries followed by intermediate and superficial lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
Caries lesions have typical characteristics in QLF images and can be detected by CNNs. A QLF-based device with CNNs can assist in caries screening in the clinic or at home.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The clinical trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2300073487, Date: 12/07/2023).
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Neural Networks, Computer; Female; Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence; Male; Adult; Sensitivity and Specificity; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Young Adult; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38951770
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04517-x -
Evidence-based Dentistry Jun 2024This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on the periapical healing rate of primary root canal treatment compared to...
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on the periapical healing rate of primary root canal treatment compared to conventional syringe irrigation.
METHODS
Registered a priori in the PROSPERO database, this review was conducted by two independent reviewers who performed an electronic search up to December 2023. The search included databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and the Cochrane Library, as well as grey literature. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that focused on patients undergoing primary root canal treatments. The study compared intervention groups using PUI with control groups that did not use activation techniques. Periapical healing was assessed over follow-up periods of at least six months, utilizing either periapical radiographs or cone-beam computed tomography. To synthesize the findings, a meta-analysis and trial sequence analysis were conducted, employing the Relative Risk as the measure of effect, with a 95% confidence interval. The GRADE approach was utilized to assess the certainty of the evidence.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis incorporated three RCTs, involving 474 patients (501 teeth). The analysis revealed that PUI led to a higher rate of periapical healing compared to CSI (Relative Risk: 1.10; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.01-1.21, I² = 0%), with moderate certainty of evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limited number of high-quality RCTs, the findings showed a positive impact of PUI on periapical healing rates in primary root canal treatments, in comparison to CSI.
REGISTER
CRD42021290894.
PubMed: 38951661
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-024-01033-3 -
NPJ Parkinson's Disease Jun 2024Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD)-a Parkinson's disease (PD) prodrome-might exhibit neural changes similar to those in PD. Substantia nigra...
Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD)-a Parkinson's disease (PD) prodrome-might exhibit neural changes similar to those in PD. Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degeneration underlies motor symptoms of PD. In iRBD and early PD (ePD), we measured diffusion MRI (dMRI) in the caudal motor SNc, which overlaps the nigrosome-1-the earliest-degenerating dopaminergic neurons in PD-and in the striatum. Nineteen iRBD, 26 ePD (1.7 ± 0.03 years), and 46 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were scanned at Western University, and 47 iRBD, 115 ePD (0.9 ± 0.01 years), and 56 HCs were scanned through the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, using 3T MRI. We segmented the SNc and striatum into subregions using automated probabilistic tractography to the cortex. We measured mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) along white-matter bundles and subregional surfaces. We performed group-level and classification analyses. Increased caudal motor SNc surface MD was the only iRBD-HCs and ePD-HCs difference replicating across datasets (p < 0.05). No iRBD-ePD differences emerged. Caudal motor SNc surface MD classified patient groups from HCs at the single-subject level with good-to-excellent balanced accuracy in an independent sample (0.91 iRBD and 0.86 iRBD and ePD combined), compared to fair performance for total SNc surface MD (0.72 iRBD and ePD). Caudal motor SNc surface MD correlated significantly with MDS-UPDRS-III scores in ePD patients. Using dMRI and automated segmentation, we detected changes suggesting altered microstructural integrity in iRBD and ePD in the nigrostriatal subregion known to degenerate first in PD. Surface MD of the caudal motor SNc presents a potential measure for inclusion in neuroimaging biomarkers of iRBD and PD.
PubMed: 38951528
DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00731-0 -
Nature Communications Jul 2024ANKRD11 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11) is a chromatin regulator and a causative gene for KBG syndrome, a rare developmental disorder characterized by multiple organ...
ANKRD11 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11) is a chromatin regulator and a causative gene for KBG syndrome, a rare developmental disorder characterized by multiple organ abnormalities, including cardiac defects. However, the role of ANKRD11 in heart development is unknown. The neural crest plays a leading role in embryonic heart development, and its dysfunction is implicated in congenital heart defects. We demonstrate that conditional knockout of Ankrd11 in the murine embryonic neural crest results in persistent truncus arteriosus, ventricular dilation, and impaired ventricular contractility. We further show these defects occur due to aberrant cardiac neural crest cell organization leading to outflow tract septation failure. Lastly, knockout of Ankrd11 in the neural crest leads to impaired expression of various transcription factors, chromatin remodelers and signaling pathways, including mTOR, BMP and TGF-β in the cardiac neural crest cells. In this work, we identify Ankrd11 as a regulator of neural crest-mediated heart development and function.
Topics: Animals; Neural Crest; Mice, Knockout; Mice; Heart; Repressor Proteins; Heart Defects, Congenital; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Chromatin; Signal Transduction; Myocardium; Female
PubMed: 38951500
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48955-1 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jul 2024
Correction to: The management of deep carious lesions and the exposed pulp in fully developed and immature teeth with irreversible pulpitis: a questionnaire-based study among Greek dentists.
PubMed: 38951351
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05803-2