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Journal of Microbiological Methods Nov 2007In an effort to overcome historical problems associated with the isolation of Bartonella species from animal and human blood samples, our laboratory developed a novel,...
In an effort to overcome historical problems associated with the isolation of Bartonella species from animal and human blood samples, our laboratory developed a novel, chemically modified, insect-based, liquid culture medium (Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria growth medium, BAPGM). In this study, we describe the isolation of non-Bartonella bacteria from aseptically obtained human blood and tissue samples that were inoculated into BAPGM pre-enrichment culture medium, and were obtained during attempts to define each individuals Bartonella infection status. After incubation for at least 7 days in liquid BAPGM, pre-enriched inoculums were sub-cultured onto a BAPGM/blood agar plate. Bacterial DNA was extracted from pooled plated colonies and amplified using conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Subsequently, amplicons were cloned, sequenced and compared to GenBank database sequences using the BLAST program. Regardless of the patient's Bartonella status, seventeen samples generated only one 16S rDNA sequence, representing the following genera: Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Bartonella, Dermabacter, Methylobacterium, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and bacteria listed as "non-cultured" in the GenBank database. Alkalibacterium, Arthrobacter, Erwinia, Kineococcus, Methylobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingomonas, and Staphylococcus were isolated from nine Bartonella-infected individuals. Co-isolation of Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus spp. and bacteria listed as "non-cultured" in the GenBank database was achieved for four samples in which Bartonella spp. were not detected. Despite the phylogenetic limitations of using partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species and strain identification, the investigational methodology described in this study may provide a complementary approach for the isolation and identification of bacteria from patient samples.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Base Sequence; Culture Media; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
PubMed: 17889384
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.08.006 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Jun 2007To compare the in vitro activity of linezolid with 12 other antimicrobials against 190 strains of the coryneform bacteria, including 60 strains of C. amycolatum, 30 of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
To compare the in vitro activity of linezolid with 12 other antimicrobials against 190 strains of the coryneform bacteria, including 60 strains of C. amycolatum, 30 of C. striatum, 30 of C. jeikeium, 10 of C. urealyticum, 20 of B. casei, 20 of D. hominis and 20 of T. otitidis.
METHODS
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and time-death curves were carried out according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
RESULTS
Linezolid was very active against the 130 strains of the Corynebacterium species studied. Only the glycopeptides showed similar efficacy. In contrast, penicillin G, ampicillin, macrolides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides showed generally high MICs. Among the beta-lactams, only imipenem was active against the majority of strains of C. striatum and C. amycolatum, and, approximately half of the C. jeikeium and C. urealyticum isolates. Both Dermabacter hominis and Brevibacterium casei showed marked resistance against most of the antimicrobials tested, while Turicella otitidis only showed high MICs against macrolides and clindamycin. For all of them, linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin proved effective. The time-death curves showed linezolid to behave as a bacteriostatic agent (approximately 90% death rate). Such activity was more accentuated for C. amycolatum and C. striatum (reduction of 1.3 and 1.7log(10)CFU/mL, respectively) than for C. jeikeium and C. urealyticum (reduction of 1.0 and 0.8log(10), respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that linezolid is active against coryneform bacteria. The efficacy of linezolid is equal to or even superior to that of the glycopeptides.
Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corynebacterium; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Glycopeptides; In Vitro Techniques; Linezolid; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxazolidinones; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 17475450
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.032 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2006The ability of the API Coryne system, version 2.0, to identify 178 strains of gram-positive rods was evaluated. Seventy eight isolates belonged to genus Corynebacterium...
The ability of the API Coryne system, version 2.0, to identify 178 strains of gram-positive rods was evaluated. Seventy eight isolates belonged to genus Corynebacterium and one hundred to related genera, all strains were isolated from clinical samples at the Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin (UBA) between 1995 and 2004. The isolates were identified according to von Graevenitz and Funke's scheme. One hundred and sixty two out of 178 strains (91%) were correctly identified at genus and species level (IC95 = 85.6-94.6), in 44 of them (24.7%) additional tests were needed to final identification. Sixteen strains (9%) were not correctly identified (IC95 = 5.4-14.4); none of the 178 strains remained unidentified. The API Coryne system, version 2.0, is useful to identify the majority of Cory-nebacterium species with clinical relevance: Corynebacterium jeikeium, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Corynebacterium amycolatum and related species such as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Dermabacter hominis, Listeria monocytogenes, among others. Nevertheless for yellow-pigmented diphteroid gram-positive rods (Aureobacterium spp., Leifsonia aquatica, Microbacterium spp. and Cellulomonas spp.) and for acid fast gram-positive rods (Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Tsukamurella and Nocardia) the identification usefulness the system is limited.
Topics: Argentina; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Catalase; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Rhodococcus; Species Specificity; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 17370571
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Jan 2008The successful introduction of reptiles into a captive collection depends on providing optimal husbandry and veterinary attention. An important role of the veterinarian... (Review)
Review
The successful introduction of reptiles into a captive collection depends on providing optimal husbandry and veterinary attention. An important role of the veterinarian in this process is the prevention of disease introduction, which may affect both the introduced and the resident animals. This review focuses on preventive veterinary medicine in reptiles, emphasising quarantine measures, disinfection and entry control for infectious agents. Agents discussed include those that are likely give rise to severe clinical problems on introduction into a collection of reptiles, or, in the case of Salmonella, those that pose a significant public health risk. Aetiology, clinical signs and diagnosis are discussed for the most relevant endo- and ectoparasites, bacteria and viruses including Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba, Salmonella, Dermabacter, Chlamydiales, Mycoplasma, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Paramyxovirus and inclusion body disease.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Cryptosporidiosis; Entamoebiasis; Reptiles; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 17346998
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.12.009 -
Saudi Medical Journal Aug 2004Coryneform bacteria have been increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in recent years. The aim of this study is to identify and determine the antimicrobial... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Coryneform bacteria have been increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in recent years. The aim of this study is to identify and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of coryneform bacteria isolated from blood cultures of patients seen at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and review the literature.
METHODS
All coryneform bacteria isolated from blood culture specimens between January 2001 and March 2003 were prospectively identified by API Coryne System (BioMerieux, France). Clinical data were collected from each patient's medical record. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using E-test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden).
RESULTS
Out of 50 coryneform bacteria isolated, 19 different species were identified. Corynebacterium propinquum was the most common species 6/50 (12%) followed by Corynebacterium auris 5/50 (10%), Corynebacterium afermentans, Corynebacterium striatum, Dermabacter hominis, Brevibacterium, and Arthrobacter species 4/50 (8%) each. Underlying chest diseases were common among the patients 11/50 (22%), followed by different surgeries 10/50 (20%). Of all, 12/50 (24%) patients were from different intensive care units (ICUs), 36/50 (72%) had either vascular, urinary or respiratory intubation. Three patients in ICUs died, one was an elderly patient with gastrointestinal bleeding and 2 teenagers (one had tracheoesophageal fistula and the other was post-arrest road traffic accident patient). Vancomycin was the most active antimicrobial agent against all coryneform species. The majority had MIC <1 ug/ml. For most isolates, the MIC90s of erythromycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin were above the break points. Corynebacterium striatum was the only isolate susceptible to ampicillin.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that coryneform bacteria are increasingly being recognized as a cause of serious infections in immunocompromised patients. We recommend identification and susceptibility testing of predominant isolates of coryneform bacteria from different clinical sites of seriously ill patients to select the antimicrobial agent necessary for clinical intervention.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Blood; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sampling Studies; Saudi Arabia; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 15322601
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical... Jun 2002
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Aged; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 12111611
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-002-0747-8 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2001Dermabacter hominis was the cause of a peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. D. hominis was identified by phenotypic criteria and by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene....
Dermabacter hominis was the cause of a peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. D. hominis was identified by phenotypic criteria and by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Clinical cure was achieved with cefuroxime treatment despite the isolate's reduced susceptibility to this drug (MIC, 12 mg/liter) on in vitro testing. The successful treatment was probably due to the high concentrations attained by intraperitoneal administration of the drug.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Aged; Female; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis
PubMed: 11526195
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3420-3421.2001 -
European Journal of Clinical... May 2001The natural susceptibility of 20 strains each of Brevibacterium casei (formerly CDC coryneform groups B-1 and B-3), Dermabacter hominis (formerly CDC coryneform groups 3...
The natural susceptibility of 20 strains each of Brevibacterium casei (formerly CDC coryneform groups B-1 and B-3), Dermabacter hominis (formerly CDC coryneform groups 3 and 5), and Turicella otitidis (formerly coryneform group ANF-1-like) isolated from clinical specimens to 71 antibiotics was investigated. Susceptibility testing was carried out with a microdilution procedure using H medium. All three species were naturally sensitive to tetracyclines, most aminoglycosides, carbapenems, macrolides, lincosamides, glycopeptides, and rifampin. Susceptibility patterns indicating natural resistance to pipemidic acid, sulfamethoxazole, and cotrimoxazole also were found for all three species. Species-dependent discrepancies in susceptibility leading to completely different categorizations (changing from sensitive to resistant or vice versa) were found for some penicillins (e.g., oxacillin and amoxicillin), a few cephalosporins (e.g., ceftibutene), aztreonam, tobramycin, norfloxacin, fleroxacin, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and fusidic acid. For the majority of antibiotics, Brevibacterium casei was the least susceptible species and Turicella otitidis the most susceptible taxon. The present study describes a database on the natural susceptibility of Brevibacterium casei, Dermabacter hominis, and Turicella otitidis to a wide range of antibiotics. This database can be applied for the validation of susceptibility testing results of these recently established coryneform bacteria.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brevibacterium; Drug Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 11453591
DOI: 10.1007/s100960100503 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2001Dermabacter hominis is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, glucose-fermenting rod, which, as it grows forms small greyish-white colonies with a characteristic pungent...
Dermabacter hominis is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, glucose-fermenting rod, which, as it grows forms small greyish-white colonies with a characteristic pungent odor. Previously known as coryneform Centers for Disease Control and Prevention groups 3 and 5, it was catalogued as D. hominis in 1994. Various strains isolated in blood cultures, abscesses, or wounds in the 1970s were retrospectively characterized in referral centers as D. hominis. In this report we describe two patients with severe underlying pathology who developed bacteremias by D. hominis within the context of their clinical pictures.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Aged; Bacteremia; Blood; Culture Media; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 11376092
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2356-2357.2001 -
International Journal of Food... Sep 2000The magnitude and diversity of the microbial population associated with dry (natural) processing of coffee (Coffea arabica) has been assessed during a 2-year period on...
The magnitude and diversity of the microbial population associated with dry (natural) processing of coffee (Coffea arabica) has been assessed during a 2-year period on 15 different farms in the Sul de Minas region of Brazil. Peptone water-washed samples were taken of maturing cherries on trees (cherries, raisins and dried cherries) and from ground fermentations. The microbial load varied from 3 x 10(4) to 2.2 x 10(9) cfu/cherry with a median value of 1.6 x 10(7) cfu/cherry. The microbial load increased after heavy rainfall on cherries that were drying on the ground. At all stages, bacteria were usually the most abundant group, followed by filamentous fungi and finally yeasts. Counts of bacteria, yeasts and fungi varied considerably between farms and at different stages of maturation and processing and no consistent pattern could be seen. Yeasts showed an increase during the fermentation process. Median counts were not significantly different for fungi, yeasts and bacteria between the 2 years although Gram-negative bacteria dominated in the wet year and Gram-positive bacteria dominated in the dry year. Of a total of 754 isolates, 626 were identified to at least genus level comprising 44 genera and 64 different species. The 164 isolates of Gram-negative bacteria included 17 genera and 26 species, the most common of which were members of the genera Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Serratia. Of 191 isolates of Gram-positive bacteria, 23 were spore-forming and included six Bacillus species, and 118 were non-spore-formers of which over half were Cellulomonas with lesser numbers of Arthrobacter, Microbacterium, Brochothrix, Dermabacter and Lactobacillus. Of the 107 yeast isolates, 90 were identified into 12 genera and 24 different species and almost all were fermentative. The most common genera, in decreasing frequency, were Pichia, Candida, Arxula and Saccharomycopsis. There were many rarely described yeasts including Pichia lynferdii and Arxula adeninivorans. Almost all 292 fungal isolates were identified to genus level and 52 were identified to species level. Cladosporium, Fusarium and Penicillium each comprised about one third of the isolates and were found on all farms. Only 3% of the isolates were Aspergillus. Beauvaria, Monilia, Rhizoctonia and Arthrobotrys species were also occasionally found. The microbial flora is much more varied and complex than found in wet fermentations. The genera and species identified include members known to have all types of pectinase and cellulase activities.
Topics: Bacteria; Brazil; Coffee; Colony Count, Microbial; Fermentation; Food Handling; Fungi; Water; Yeasts
PubMed: 11016614
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00315-9