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Saudi Medical Journal Aug 2004Coryneform bacteria have been increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in recent years. The aim of this study is to identify and determine the antimicrobial... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Coryneform bacteria have been increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in recent years. The aim of this study is to identify and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of coryneform bacteria isolated from blood cultures of patients seen at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and review the literature.
METHODS
All coryneform bacteria isolated from blood culture specimens between January 2001 and March 2003 were prospectively identified by API Coryne System (BioMerieux, France). Clinical data were collected from each patient's medical record. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using E-test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden).
RESULTS
Out of 50 coryneform bacteria isolated, 19 different species were identified. Corynebacterium propinquum was the most common species 6/50 (12%) followed by Corynebacterium auris 5/50 (10%), Corynebacterium afermentans, Corynebacterium striatum, Dermabacter hominis, Brevibacterium, and Arthrobacter species 4/50 (8%) each. Underlying chest diseases were common among the patients 11/50 (22%), followed by different surgeries 10/50 (20%). Of all, 12/50 (24%) patients were from different intensive care units (ICUs), 36/50 (72%) had either vascular, urinary or respiratory intubation. Three patients in ICUs died, one was an elderly patient with gastrointestinal bleeding and 2 teenagers (one had tracheoesophageal fistula and the other was post-arrest road traffic accident patient). Vancomycin was the most active antimicrobial agent against all coryneform species. The majority had MIC <1 ug/ml. For most isolates, the MIC90s of erythromycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin were above the break points. Corynebacterium striatum was the only isolate susceptible to ampicillin.
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that coryneform bacteria are increasingly being recognized as a cause of serious infections in immunocompromised patients. We recommend identification and susceptibility testing of predominant isolates of coryneform bacteria from different clinical sites of seriously ill patients to select the antimicrobial agent necessary for clinical intervention.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Blood; Corynebacterium; Corynebacterium Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sampling Studies; Saudi Arabia; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 15322601
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical... Jun 2002
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Aged; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 12111611
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-002-0747-8 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2001Dermabacter hominis was the cause of a peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. D. hominis was identified by phenotypic criteria and by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene....
Dermabacter hominis was the cause of a peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. D. hominis was identified by phenotypic criteria and by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Clinical cure was achieved with cefuroxime treatment despite the isolate's reduced susceptibility to this drug (MIC, 12 mg/liter) on in vitro testing. The successful treatment was probably due to the high concentrations attained by intraperitoneal administration of the drug.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Aged; Female; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis
PubMed: 11526195
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3420-3421.2001 -
European Journal of Clinical... May 2001The natural susceptibility of 20 strains each of Brevibacterium casei (formerly CDC coryneform groups B-1 and B-3), Dermabacter hominis (formerly CDC coryneform groups 3...
The natural susceptibility of 20 strains each of Brevibacterium casei (formerly CDC coryneform groups B-1 and B-3), Dermabacter hominis (formerly CDC coryneform groups 3 and 5), and Turicella otitidis (formerly coryneform group ANF-1-like) isolated from clinical specimens to 71 antibiotics was investigated. Susceptibility testing was carried out with a microdilution procedure using H medium. All three species were naturally sensitive to tetracyclines, most aminoglycosides, carbapenems, macrolides, lincosamides, glycopeptides, and rifampin. Susceptibility patterns indicating natural resistance to pipemidic acid, sulfamethoxazole, and cotrimoxazole also were found for all three species. Species-dependent discrepancies in susceptibility leading to completely different categorizations (changing from sensitive to resistant or vice versa) were found for some penicillins (e.g., oxacillin and amoxicillin), a few cephalosporins (e.g., ceftibutene), aztreonam, tobramycin, norfloxacin, fleroxacin, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and fusidic acid. For the majority of antibiotics, Brevibacterium casei was the least susceptible species and Turicella otitidis the most susceptible taxon. The present study describes a database on the natural susceptibility of Brevibacterium casei, Dermabacter hominis, and Turicella otitidis to a wide range of antibiotics. This database can be applied for the validation of susceptibility testing results of these recently established coryneform bacteria.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brevibacterium; Drug Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 11453591
DOI: 10.1007/s100960100503 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2001Dermabacter hominis is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, glucose-fermenting rod, which, as it grows forms small greyish-white colonies with a characteristic pungent...
Dermabacter hominis is a gram-positive, catalase-positive, glucose-fermenting rod, which, as it grows forms small greyish-white colonies with a characteristic pungent odor. Previously known as coryneform Centers for Disease Control and Prevention groups 3 and 5, it was catalogued as D. hominis in 1994. Various strains isolated in blood cultures, abscesses, or wounds in the 1970s were retrospectively characterized in referral centers as D. hominis. In this report we describe two patients with severe underlying pathology who developed bacteremias by D. hominis within the context of their clinical pictures.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Aged; Bacteremia; Blood; Culture Media; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 11376092
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2356-2357.2001 -
Infection 1998Dermabacter species are commonly isolated from the skin and other body sites but rarely show pathogenicity in humans. A case of Dermabacter hominis cerebral abscess is... (Review)
Review
Dermabacter species are commonly isolated from the skin and other body sites but rarely show pathogenicity in humans. A case of Dermabacter hominis cerebral abscess is reported which presented as a contrast-enhancing intracranial mass in a renal transplant patient.
Topics: Adult; Brain Abscess; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 9646113
DOI: 10.1007/BF02771848 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Dec 1996The susceptibility patterns of 480 isolates representing six recently defined species of coryneform bacteria (Corynebacterium amycolatum [n = 101], Corynebacterium auris...
The susceptibility patterns of 480 isolates representing six recently defined species of coryneform bacteria (Corynebacterium amycolatum [n = 101], Corynebacterium auris [n = 48], Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum [n = 86], Brevibacterium casei [n = 50], Dermabacter hominis [n = 49], and Turicella otitidis [n = 146]) to 17 antimicrobial agents were determined by an agar dilution method. Most significantly, for C. amycolatum strains the MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were > or = 32 micrograms/ml for nearly all agents. However, all 480 strains examined were susceptible to glycopeptide antibiotics.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Glycopeptides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 9124857
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.40.12.2874 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1994Thirty strains of fermentative coryneform-like bacteria designated CDC fermentative coryneform group 3 and coryneform group 5 were compared biochemically by cellular...
Thirty strains of fermentative coryneform-like bacteria designated CDC fermentative coryneform group 3 and coryneform group 5 were compared biochemically by cellular fatty acid analysis and by DNA relatedness with the type strain of Dermabacter hominis, ATCC 49369. DNA from 22 strains of both CDC groups showed 69 to 96% relatedness (hydroxyapatite method) to labeled DNA from ATCC 49369 and to DNA from CDC group 3 strain G4964, and the strains are considered to belong to D. hominis. The remaining eight strains were genetically but not phenotypically differentiable from D. hominis. They were genetically heterogeneous, but hybridization results indicated that they probably belong to the genus Dermabacter. Thirteen of the 22 D. hominis strains and all 8 of the other Dermabacter strains had been isolated from blood, which indicates the pathogenic potential of this species and genus.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; United States
PubMed: 7989543
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.8.1918-1922.1994 -
International Journal of Systematic... Jul 199416S rRNA gene sequencing studies were performed on Dermabacter hominis and four meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing species of the genus Brevibacterium. Phylogenetic...
16S rRNA gene sequencing studies were performed on Dermabacter hominis and four meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing species of the genus Brevibacterium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close association between Dermabacter hominis and representatives of the lysine-containing genera Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, and Renibacterium. By contrast, the genus Brevibacterium formed a distinct line of descent within the high-guanine-plus-cytosine-containing actinomycetes, displaying no specific affinity with any other organism examined.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Base Composition; Brevibacterium; Diaminopimelic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Species Specificity
PubMed: 7520745
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-44-3-583 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1994Over a 1-year period, 11 isolates (including 5 from blood cultures) of the recently described CDC group 3 and group 5 coryneform bacteria were derived from clinical...
Over a 1-year period, 11 isolates (including 5 from blood cultures) of the recently described CDC group 3 and group 5 coryneform bacteria were derived from clinical specimens and compared with reference strains. Biochemical characteristics indicated a very close relationship between CDC group 3 and group 5 coryneform bacteria. The ability of CDC group 3 and the inability of CDC group 5 coryneform bacteria to ferment xylose were the only reactions that were different for the two taxa. Chemotaxonomic features of the two groups included the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid, a lack of mycolic acids, and the presence of predominantly branched cellular fatty acids, a combination found among gram-positive rods only in Brevibacterium spp., Brachybacterium faecium, and Dermabacter hominis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that CDC group 3 and group 5 coryneform bacteria are members of the genus Dermabacter, which to date has been isolated exclusively from human skin.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Bacteremia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fermentation; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Species Specificity; Xylose
PubMed: 8051248
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.5.1223-1228.1994