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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Fordyce granules, sometimes referred to as Fordyce dots, are aberrant sebaceous glands that present as diminutive, non-painful, elevated lesions exhibiting a yellowish...
BACKGROUND
Fordyce granules, sometimes referred to as Fordyce dots, are aberrant sebaceous glands that present as diminutive, non-painful, elevated lesions exhibiting a yellowish or whitish hue, measuring 1 to 3 mm in diameter, and manifesting inside the oral cavity. Likewise, these particles may also be seen in the vaginal region and inside the oral cavity.
AIM
The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential association between Fordyce granules and the skin type of individuals who seek dental care at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current cross-sectional research was undertaken at the Dental Clinics of Qassim University, with a sample of 87 patients diagnosed with Fordyce's granules. The research consisted of a heterogeneous sample of participants, including individuals of all genders, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. The study included a comprehensive evaluation of several anatomical regions to identify the existence of Fordyce's granules. This examination was conducted by a single examiner who had undergone calibration. Additionally, the participants' skin types were established using the Baumann Skin Typing System questionnaire. The data that was gathered was afterward analyzed utilizing statistical methods via the use of SPSS software. A pre-set significance level was established at < 0.05.
RESULTS
The distribution of skin types among the study participants with Fordyce's granules were found to be oily skin (51.3%), dry skin (47.9%), sensitive skin (49.3%), and resistant skin (56.3%). The results of the research showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the two variables, i.e. skin type and the presence of Fordyce's granules. This conclusion is supported by the increased values of 0.941 for those with oily skin and 0.785 for individuals with dry skin.
CONCLUSION
No relation between skin type and Fordyce's granules in the current study.
PubMed: 38882851
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1170_23 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Injectable skin fillers offer a wider range of options for cutaneous anti-aging and facial rejuvenation. PLLA microspheres are increasingly favored as degradable and...
OBJECTIVE
Injectable skin fillers offer a wider range of options for cutaneous anti-aging and facial rejuvenation. PLLA microspheres are increasingly favored as degradable and long-lasting fillers. The present study focused solely on the effect of PLLA on dermal collagen, without investigating its impact on the epidermis. In this study, we investigated the effects of PLLA microspheres on epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs).
METHODS
Different concentrations of PLLA microspheres on epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) through culture, and identification of primary rat EpiSCs. CCK-8 detection, apoptosis staining, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, wound healing assay, q-PCR analysis, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the effects of PLLA on EpiSCs. Furthermore, we observed the effect on the epidermis by injecting PLLA into the dermis of the rat skin .
RESULTS
PLLA microspheres promote cell proliferation and migration while delaying cell senescence and maintaining its stemness. In vitro, Intradermal injection of PLLA microspheres in the rat back skin resulted in delayed aging, as evidenced by histological and immunohistochemical staining of the skin at 2, 4, and 12 weeks of follow-up.
CONCLUSION
This study showed the positive effects of PLLA on rat epidermis and EpiSCs, while providing novel insights into the anti-aging mechanism of PLLA.
Topics: Animals; Microspheres; Polyesters; Rats; Cellular Senescence; Skin Aging; Stem Cells; Cell Proliferation; Epidermal Cells; Cells, Cultured; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Epidermis; Cell Movement; Dermal Fillers
PubMed: 38881903
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394530 -
International Journal of Dermatology Jun 2024Both xanthogranuloma and xanthoma clinically manifest as yellowish skin lesions. Historically, the gold standard for diagnosis was skin histopathological examination....
BACKGROUND
Both xanthogranuloma and xanthoma clinically manifest as yellowish skin lesions. Historically, the gold standard for diagnosis was skin histopathological examination. Currently, the advent of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) offers additional diagnostic support for these diseases by revealing their microscopic features, thereby enhancing the theoretical foundation for diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to elucidate the distinctive characteristics of RCM images in xanthogranuloma and xanthoma, assess their diagnostic value, and investigate the relationship between RCM and histopathological features, ultimately boosting diagnostic accuracy.
METHODS
RCM and histopathological examinations were conducted on 13 patients with xanthogranuloma and 12 with xanthoma, recruited from our Dermatology Clinic between August 2022 and November 2023. The study involved analyzing RCM image features and correlating them with histopathological findings.
RESULTS
The RCM images of 13 xanthogranuloma and 12 xanthoma cases showed similar features. Xanthogranuloma predominantly exhibited epidermal atrophy and thinning in 6 cases (46.15%). Additionally, in 69.23% of cases, scattered small mononuclear inflammatory cells were infiltrated in the superficial and middle dermis layers. Medium to high refractive cells, predominantly vacuolated and resembling foam, were observed in 61.54% of cases. All cases demonstrated high refractive cells with distinct target-shaped, disc-shaped, horseshoe-like, and flower-ring structures. Concordance rates with histopathological examinations were 69.23, 92.31, 92.31, and 100%, respectively. Regarding xanthoma, epidermal atrophy and thinning occurred in two cases (16.67%), and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in 25% of cases. High refractive cells with the previously mentioned shapes were present in 100% of cases, though only 16.67% displayed these characteristics exclusively. The concordance rates were 66.67, 91.67, 100, and 91.67%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
RCM imaging of xanthogranuloma and xanthoma presents distinctive, highly consistent features with their histopathology, offering valuable insights for clinicians in diagnosing and differentiating these conditions.
PubMed: 38880994
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17265 -
Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and... Jun 2024We primary aimed to synthesise the available data, assess the effectiveness of different mesh materials in prophylactic mesh placement, and rank these materials... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
We primary aimed to synthesise the available data, assess the effectiveness of different mesh materials in prophylactic mesh placement, and rank these materials according to the incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) and other stoma complications.
METHOD
This network meta-analysis performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. Four databases were searched for randomised controlled trials of prophylactic mesh placement. The aggregated results were performed in the STATA routine for Bayesian hierarchical random effects models.
RESULT
Thirteen randomised controlled trials from 1203 articles, met the inclusion criteria, including 681 cases without meshes, 65 cases with mesh material of xenogeneic acellular dermis (porcine/bovine), 27 cases with polypropylene/PG910, 114 cases with polypropylene/polyglecaprone (Monocryl), 117 cases with polypropylene/cellulose (ORC), 233 cases with polypropylene, and 35 cases with polypropylene/PVDF. In network A, compared with no mesh, only polypropylene (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.04-0.80) were significantly associated with a reduction in the incidence of PSH. In network B, no statistical difference regarding stoma complications was found between mesh and no mesh.
CONCLUSION
Based on the network meta-analysis and ranking results, the polypropylene mesh material exhibited the best performance. However, this conclusion needs to be confirmed with larger sample sizes and high-quality randomised controlled trials.
PubMed: 38878219
DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-03068-y -
Journal of Dermatological Science May 2024Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene, which encodes type VII collagen (COL7), the...
Histological and molecular restoration of type VII collagen in Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa mouse skin by topical injection of keratinocyte-like cells differentiated from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.
BACKGROUND
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene, which encodes type VII collagen (COL7), the main constituent of anchoring fibrils for attaching the epidermis to the dermis. Persistent skin erosions frequently result in intractable ulcers in RDEB patients. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) are easily harvested in large quantities and have low immunogenicity. Therefore, they are suitable for clinical use, including applications involving allogeneic cell transplantation. Keratinocyte-like cells transdifferentiated from AD-MSCs (KC-AD-MSCs) express more COL7 than undifferentiated AD-MSCs and facilitate skin wound healing with less contracture. Therefore, these cells can be used for skin ulcer treatment in RDEB patients.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether KC-AD-MSCs transplantation ameliorated the RDEB phenotype severity in the grafted skin of a RDEB mouse model (col7a1-null) on the back of the immunodeficient mouse.
METHODS
KC-AD-MSCs were intradermally injected into the region surrounding the skin grafts, and this procedure was repeated after 7 days. After a further 7-day interval, the skin grafts were harvested.
RESULTS
Neodeposition of COL7 and generation of anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction were observed, although experiments were based on qualitative.
CONCLUSION
KC-AD-MSCs may correct the COL7 insufficiency, repair defective/reduced anchoring fibrils, and improve skin integrity in RDEB patients.
PubMed: 38876908
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.05.004 -
Tissue & Cell Jun 2024Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) represent an innovative way for cells to communicate with one another, as they act as long conduits between cells. However, their roles in...
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) represent an innovative way for cells to communicate with one another, as they act as long conduits between cells. However, their roles in human dermal microvascular pericytes (HDMPCs) interaction remain elusive in vitro. In this work, we identified and characterized the TNT-like structures that connected two or more pericytes in two-dimensional cultures and formed a functional network in the human dermis. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that the F-actin was an essential element to form inter-pericyte TNT-like structures, as it decreased in actin polymer inhibitor-cytochalasin B treated groups, and microtubules were present in almost half of the TNT-like structures. Most importantly, we only found the presence of mitochondrial in TNT-like structures containing α-tubulin, and the application of microtubule assembly inhibitor-Nocodazole significantly reduced the percentage of TNT-like structures that contain α-tubulin, resulting in a sudden decrease in the positive rate of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 (COX IV, a marker of mitochondria) in TNT-like structures. In summary, we described a novel intercellular communication-TNT-like structures-between HDMPCs in vitro, and this work allows us to properly understand the cellular mechanisms of spreading materials between HDMPCs, shedding light on the role of HDMPCs.
PubMed: 38870572
DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102431 -
Cureus May 2024Transient acantholytic dermatosis, also known as Grover's disease, is an acquired dermatological condition characterised by the sudden emergence of pruritic,...
Transient acantholytic dermatosis, also known as Grover's disease, is an acquired dermatological condition characterised by the sudden emergence of pruritic, erythematous papules, or vesicles, primarily affecting the trunk. It is observed most commonly in men older than 50 years. Histology typically demonstrates a pattern of focal acantholysis within the epidermis, dyskeratotic cells including corps ronds and grains, and a variable perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper dermis. While its aetiology is not well understood, recognised triggers include excessive heat, sweating, sun exposure, and certain drugs, such as chemotherapy agents. More recently, isolated reports of Grover's disease and Grover-like skin eruptions have been described in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and following COVID-19 vaccination. We report the case of a 65-year-old man who presented to secondary care with a nine-day history of an intensely pruritic rash over his chest and back. On internal medical workup, he was found to have SARS-CoV-2 infection and rapidly deteriorated due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pneumonia, necessitating a 10-day hospital admission for supportive care. Diagnostic workup of his skin lesions confirmed transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover's disease), which resolved following a course of oral corticosteroids. This case underscores the rare but significant association between Grover's disease and COVID-19, contributing valuable insights to the evolving body of literature on cutaneous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and highlighting the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2 screening as part of the diagnostic workup for patients presenting with Grover-like skin eruptions.
PubMed: 38868252
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60173 -
Biomedical Optics Express Jun 2024We analyze the influence of a person's age on the thicknesses and reduced scattering coefficients of the epidermis and dermis in visible part of the spectrum. Their...
We analyze the influence of a person's age on the thicknesses and reduced scattering coefficients of the epidermis and dermis in visible part of the spectrum. Their values were assessed using a non-invasive technique which combines pulsed photothermal radiometry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in a four-layer model of skin. The analysis is affected by the strong influences of the melanin content on the reduced scattering coefficient of the epidermis, , and blood content in the case of dermis ( ). Separating their contributions reveals a significant decrease of with the person's age at an average rate of -0.25 mm per decade, while the contribution of blood in the papillary dermis amounts to 1.0 mm%. Meanwhile, no influence of the person's age was found on and the thicknesses of the epidermis or dermis.
PubMed: 38867783
DOI: 10.1364/BOE.523183 -
Histopathology Jun 2024The majority of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) harbour PDGFB or PDGFD rearrangements. We encountered ALK expression/rearrangement in a PDGFB/D-negative...
AIMS
The majority of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) harbour PDGFB or PDGFD rearrangements. We encountered ALK expression/rearrangement in a PDGFB/D-negative CD34-positive spindle cell neoplasm with features similar to DFSP, prompting evaluation of ALK-rearrangements in DFSP and plaque-like CD34-positive dermal fibroma (P-LDF).
METHODS AND RESULTS
We searched the archives of academic institutions for cases previously coded as DFSP and P-LDF. NGS-naïve or PDGFB-negative DFSP were screened for ALK (clone D5F3) expression by immunohistochemistry. NGS or ALK FISH was performed on ALK-positive cases. Methylome profiling studies were performed and compared with conventional DFSP. One case of "DFSP" and two "P-LDF" with ALK expression were identified from the archives, while four cases were detected prospectively. These seven cases (6F:1M; 8 months to 76 years) arose in the dermis of the arm (two), scalp, eyelid, thigh, abdomen, and shoulder and ranged from 0.4 to 4.2 cm. Tumours were composed of spindled cells and displayed a storiform growth pattern. Cytologic atypia was absent, and mitotic figures were scarce (0-2/10 HPFs, high power fields). The lesional cells were diffusely positive for CD34 and ALK and negative for S100 protein. By NGS (n = 5), ALK fusion partners included DCTN1 (2), PLEKHH2, and CLIP2 in DFSP-like cases and FLNA in P-LDF-like lesions. ALK FISH was positive in one (of two) cases previously labelled P-LDF. Methylome profiling of two (of three) ALK-rearranged DFSP-like tumours showed clustering with conventional DFSP in the UMAP dimension reduction plot. To date, no tumour has recurred (n = 2; 26, 27 months).
CONCLUSION
We describe a cohort of novel ALK-rearranged tumours with morphologic features similar to DFSP.
PubMed: 38867577
DOI: 10.1111/his.15239 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC) is the most common form of the perforating dermatoses, which include RPC, elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS), perforating...
Reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC) is the most common form of the perforating dermatoses, which include RPC, elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS), perforating folliculitis (PF), and Kyrle disease (KD). In RPC, altered collagen of the dermis is extruded through the epidermis, which can be misdiagnosed as other skin diseases, such as vasculitis or prurigo nodularis. RPC is associated with a number of conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, and renal failure, and thus the management of the coexisting diseases is important. There is currently no standardized and effective treatment method for RPC. Here, we report a patient with RPC who was resistant to topical corticosteroids, oral loratadine, and thalidomide, and responded well to dupilumab without significant side effects.
PubMed: 38864026
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S465766