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BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Using Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) may be an effective public health approach for managing dental caries in children. Parental acceptance of SDF has rarely been...
BACKGROUND
Using Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) may be an effective public health approach for managing dental caries in children. Parental acceptance of SDF has rarely been investigated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to evaluate parental acceptance of SDF to manage dental caries in children aged 2-12 in Iran and Tajikistan.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kurdistan province of Iran and Khatlon region of Tajikistan, 2022-2023. Parents watched a video about SDF and its weaknesses and strengths as compared to conventional approaches before completing the questionnaire. We also reported Prevalence Ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between parental acceptance and associated demographic factors as well as dental attitude and experience.
RESULTS
Participants were 245 and 160 parents in Iran and Tajikistan, respectively. In both countries, a majority (Iran: 61.6%, Tajikistan: 77.9%) accepted SDF over conventional treatments for all primary teeth. The majority also accepted SDF only for posterior permanent teeth (Iran: 73.5%, Tajikistan: 78.7%). Black discoloration was the main reason for rejecting SDF. Overall, demographic factors and dental experience and attitude were not significantly associated with SDF acceptance.
CONCLUSIONS
SDF was widely accepted by Iranian and Tajik parents. Establishing parental acceptance of SDF is an important step toward its application in LMICs where inexpensive solutions are needed.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fluorides, Topical; Child; Parents; Female; Male; Iran; Silver Compounds; Tajikistan; Child, Preschool; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
PubMed: 38872123
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04434-z -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024Dental caries is a widespread oral health issue in Asia, affecting an estimated 30% to 90% of children and adults. Many caries cases remain untreated, resulting in pain... (Review)
Review
Dental caries is a widespread oral health issue in Asia, affecting an estimated 30% to 90% of children and adults. Many caries cases remain untreated, resulting in pain and infection. In response, the Asian Academy of Preventive Dentistry (AAPD) emphasises comprehensive caries management and organised a fluoride workshop at the 15th International Conference of the AAPD in 2023. The AAPD invited a group of experts to form a fluoride working group to review existing literature and develop fluoride recommendations for stakeholders across Asian countries and regions. The working group assessed caries risk and identified commonly used topical fluoride products for home care, professional, and community settings in Asia. The working group concluded that fluoride is a safe and highly effective strategy to reduce caries prevalence and incidence. The working group provided key recommendations based on successful regional caries management practices: (1) use topical fluoride for prevention and control of dental caries; (2) encourage the use of fluoride toothpaste with a concentration of at least 1,000 ppm for effective caries reduction; (3) advise a 0.05% fluoride mouth rinse as soon as children can spit it out to prevent early childhood caries; (4) deliver professionally administered fluoride, such as 5% sodium fluoride varnish, 2% fluoride gel, or 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride preparations, to decrease dental caries in at-risk individuals; and (5) apply 38% silver diamine fluoride to arrest cavitated caries. These recommendations aim to help practitioners, health care providers, and parents/caregivers make informed decisions about fluoride use as part of comprehensive oral health care in the region.
PubMed: 38871599
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.016 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Jun 2024Oral cancer accounts for 50%-70% of all cancer-related deaths in India and ranks sixth among the most frequent cancers globally. Roughly 90% of oral malignancies are...
Oral cancer accounts for 50%-70% of all cancer-related deaths in India and ranks sixth among the most frequent cancers globally. Roughly 90% of oral malignancies are histologically arise from squamous cells and are therefore called oral squamous cell carcinoma. Organic polycations known as biogenic polyamines, for example, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), are vital for cell proliferation, including gene expression control, regulation of endonuclease-mediated fragmentation of DNA, and DNA damage inhibition. Higher Spm and Spd levels have been identified as cancer biomarkers for detecting tumour development in various cancers. The current study utilises tannic acid, a polyphenolic compound, as a reducing and capping agent to fabricate AuNPs via a one-step microwave-assisted synthesis. The fabricated TA@AuNPs were utilised as a nanoprobe for colourimetric sensing of polyamines in PBS. When TA@AuNPs are added to the polyamine, the amine groups in polyamines interact with the phenolic groups of TA@AuNPs via hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions. These interactions cause the aggregation of TA@AuNPs, resulting in a red shift of the Surface Plasmon Resonance band of TA@AuNPs from 530 nm to 560 nm. The nanoprobe was found to be highly specific for Spm at low concentrations. TA@AuNPs were able to detect Spm successfully in artificial saliva samples. On recording the RGB values of the sensing process using a smartphone app, it was found that as the nanoparticles aggregated due to the presence of Spm, the intensity of the-value decreased, indicating the aggregation of TA@AuNPs due to interaction with the polyamine.
Topics: Mouth Neoplasms; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Polyamines; Gold; Spermine; Smartphone; Putrescine; Spermidine; Tannins; Surface Plasmon Resonance; Colorimetry; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
PubMed: 38871001
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad581a -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024Dual-enzyme co-embedded materials have shown high potential for achieving efficient detection due to the convenience of two-enzyme cascade reactions. Herein, we...
Dual-enzyme co-embedded materials have shown high potential for achieving efficient detection due to the convenience of two-enzyme cascade reactions. Herein, we developed a dual-enzyme hybrid microsphere (HM) based biosensor to detect diamines (histamine was included for ease of description) in aquatic products. The HM was made from diamine oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and copper phosphate through the biomineralization method. Under optimal conditions, the system displayed linear color response to histamine of different concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 μg/mL. The detection limit of histamine was 0.15 μg/mL, showing higher sensitivity than the two-step free enzyme assay. Moreover, the detection system exhibited good specificity to diamines. The method was used to detect diamines in commercial samples, and the results were compared with those measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Overall, the proposed assay exhibited high potential in diamine quantification and was readily extended to other cascade enzymatic reaction-based detection strategies.
PubMed: 38870816
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140008 -
Talanta Jun 2024Linear π-conjugated polymers (LCPs) with π-electron conjugation system have many remarkable optical characteristics such as fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence...
Linear π-conjugated polymers (LCPs) with π-electron conjugation system have many remarkable optical characteristics such as fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). However, the extremely strong interchain interaction and π-π stacking limit the luminescence efficiency. In this work, 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine was chosen as the polymer monomer and reacted with terephthalaldehyde via simple Schiff base condensation to synthesize LCPs. Subsequently, molecular engineering strategy was adopted to construct zirconium-based LCPs (MLCPs), which not only prevented π-π stacking but also ensured that extended π-coupling was maintained in the LCPs, thus effectively promoting charge transport and achieving strong luminescence. Second, the coreactant polyethyleneimine (PEI) was assembled onto the MLCPs (MLCPs@PEI) to further promote the emission of ECL. To further explore the potential of the obtained MLCPs@PEI as emerging ECL emitter, colorectal cancer exosome was chosen as model biomarker, and an innovative ECL ratiometric system based on MLCPs@PEI and luminol was designed to improve the validity and accuracy of the sensors. This research provides a fresh nanoplatform for exosome detection and broadens the application of LCPs in ECL immunoassay.
PubMed: 38870758
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126405 -
Talanta Jun 2024In our previous study, a chemical derivatization reagent named 5-(dimethylamino) naphthalene-1-sulfonyl piperazine (Dns-PP) was developed to enhance the chromatographic...
In our previous study, a chemical derivatization reagent named 5-(dimethylamino) naphthalene-1-sulfonyl piperazine (Dns-PP) was developed to enhance the chromatographic retention and the mass spectrometric response of free fatty acids (FFAs) in reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS). However, Dns-PP exhibited strong preferences for long-chain FFAs, with limited improvement for short- or medium-chain FFAs. In this study, a new series of labeling reagents targeting FFAs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among these reagents, Tmt-PP (N, N, N, N-tetramethyl-6-(4-(piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) exhibited the best MS response and was selected for further evaluations. We compared Tmt-PP with Dns-PP and four commonly used carboxyl labeling reagents from existing studies, demonstrating the advantages of Tmt-PP. Further comparisons between Tmt-PP and Dns-PP in measuring FFAs from biological samples revealed that Tmt-PP labeling enhanced the MS response for about 80 % (30/38) of the measured FFAs, particularly for short- and medium-chain FFAs. Moreover, Tmt-PP labeling significantly improved the chromatographic retention of short-chain FFAs. To ensure accurate quantification, we developed a stable isotope-labeled Tmt-PP (i.e., d-Tmt-PP) to react with chemical standards and serve as one-to-one internal standards (IS). The method was validated for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, linearity, stability, extraction efficiency, as well as matrix effect. Overall, this study introduced a new chemical derivatization reagent Tmt-PP (d-Tmt-PP), providing a sensitive and accurate option for quantifying FFAs in biological samples.
PubMed: 38870757
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126378 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2024Flexible three-carbon skeleton makes N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMPDA) an important diamine system to investigate the conformation-dependent electron...
Flexible three-carbon skeleton makes N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMPDA) an important diamine system to investigate the conformation-dependent electron lone pair interactions and charge delocalization. The charge transfer process linked to structural motions of the three-carbon skeleton has been monitored in real time by the Rydberg electron binding energy (BE) spectra of TMPDA coupled with quantum chemical calculations. Optical excitation to the 3p state with a 200 nm pump pulse initially generated a localized charge on one of the two nitrogen atoms that may partially transfer to the other one. Rapid internal conversion (IC) from the 3p to 3s state occurred within 430 fs, resulting in an initial charge delocalized 3s_h/3s_l population ratio of 23.6 %/76.4 %. A final 3s_h/3s_l (51.9 %/48.1 %) equilibrium proceeded within about 2.64 ps. The 3s_h (TTTT, GG'TG and G'GG'G) and 3s_l (GG'GG' and GG'G'G) (see text for structure definitions) are identified as the extended and folded conformers, respectively. Two types of electron lone pair interactions, i.e., through-space interaction (TSI) and through-bond interaction (TBI), are found to coexist in TMPDA to drive charge transfer. The GG'GG' and GG'G'G structures exhibit TSI, while the TTTT structure shows TBI. The GG'TG and G'GG'G structures exhibit both TSI and TBI. Flexible three-carbon skeleton provide more opportunities for the two N-electron lone pairs to overlap in space (i.e., TSI), making TMPDA to be favorable for the most stably folded conformation.
PubMed: 38870698
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124628 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024Rapeseed ( L.) is extremely sensitive to excessive NH toxicity. There remains incomplete knowledge of the causal factors behind the growth suppression in NH-nourished...
Rapeseed ( L.) is extremely sensitive to excessive NH toxicity. There remains incomplete knowledge of the causal factors behind the growth suppression in NH-nourished plants, with limited studies conducted specifically on field crop plants. In this study, we found that NH toxicity significantly increased salicylic acid (SA) accumulation by accelerating the conversion of SA precursors. Moreover, exogenous SA application significantly aggravated NH toxicity symptoms in the rapeseed shoots. Genome-wide differential transcriptomic analysis showed that NH toxicity increased the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, signaling transduction, and conversion of SA. SA treatment significantly increased shoot NH concentrations by reducing the activities of glutamine synthase and glutamate synthase in NH-treated rapeseed plants. The application of an SA biosynthesis inhibitor, ABT, alleviated NH toxicity symptoms. Furthermore, SA induced putrescine (Put) accumulation, resulting in an elevated ratio of Put to [spermidine (Spd) + spermine (Spm)] in the NH-treated plants, while the opposite was true for ABT. The application of exogenous Put and its biosynthesis inhibitor DFMA induced opposite effects on NH toxicity in rapeseed shoots. These results indicated that the increased endogenous SA contributed noticeably to the toxicity caused by the sole NH-N supply in rapeseed shoots. This study provided fresh perspectives on the mechanism underlying excessive NH-induced toxicity and the corresponding alleviating strategies in plants.
Topics: Brassica napus; Salicylic Acid; Ammonium Compounds; Plant Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Putrescine; Plant Shoots
PubMed: 38869198
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00238 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Surface tension and contact angle properties, which play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of irrigation solutions in penetrating dentin surfaces and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Surface tension and contact angle properties, which play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of irrigation solutions in penetrating dentin surfaces and dentin tubules, are highly important for the development of new irrigation solutions and their preferences. The aim of the current study was to compare the surface tension and contact angle properties of different irrigation solutions used in endodontics, both on the dentin surface and within dentin tubules.
METHODS
In this study, the contact angles and surface tensions of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 5% boric acid (BA), 0.02% hypochlorous acid (HOCl), 0.2% chlorine dioxide (ClO), Biopure MTAD, QMix solutions, and distilled water (control group) were measured. Measurements were conducted using a goniometer device (Attension Theta Lite Tensiometer, Biolin Scientific, USA), employing the sessile drop method for contact angle measurements on pre-prepared dentin surfaces, and the pendant drop method for surface tension.
RESULTS
Contact angle measurements revealed no statistically significant differences between the contact angle values of MTAD, ClO, and CHX or between NaOCl, QMix, BA, and HOCl (p > 0.05). However, EDTA exhibited a significantly greater contact angle than did MTAD, ClO, CHX, NaOCl, QMix, BA, and HOCl (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the contact angle of dentin with distilled water was greater than that with all other solutions tested (p < 0.05). Surface tension measurements revealed that the surface tension values of QMix and MTAD were statistically similar (p > 0.05). CHX exhibited lower surface tension than distilled water and HOCl (p < 0.05), and it also had lower surface tension than ClO, NaOCl, and BA (p < 0.05). Additionally, the surface tension of the samples treated with EDTA was greater than that of all other solutions tested (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The direct linear relationship between the surface tension of liquids and contact angles on different surfaces may not always hold true, and these values should be considered independently for each solution on various surfaces. Considering the contact angles and surface tension properties of irrigation solutions with root canal dentin, it can be suggested for clinical use that ClO could be recommended over NaOCl, and similarly, BA could be recommended over EDTA.
Topics: Root Canal Irrigants; Dentin; Surface Tension; Humans; Sodium Hypochlorite; Edetic Acid; Hypochlorous Acid; Surface Properties
PubMed: 38867263
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04453-w -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Male; Antitubercular Agents; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Skin; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous; Middle Aged; Biopsy; Isoniazid; Rifampin; Ethambutol; Hand Dermatoses; Veterinarians; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 38865663
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2313828