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The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Nov 2021Baby wipes are a commonly used cleansing method for infants. A literature review has been performed to assess if using baby wipes is beneficial or harmful compared to... (Review)
Review
Baby wipes are a commonly used cleansing method for infants. A literature review has been performed to assess if using baby wipes is beneficial or harmful compared to water and cloth in terms of nappy rash. This includes a detailed analysis of baby wipe ingredients, as many skin irritants as well as allergens are identified. MedLine, Embase and PubMed were searched and after 420 titles and abstracts were screened, 21 studies remained for inclusion. Baby wipes are deemed as superior to water and cloth in the majority of the literature. However, no definitive conclusion can be drawn as many studies are also industry funded. The most notable allergens identified are fragrances, such as linalool, cocamidopropyl betaine (surfactant), formaldehyde-releasing preservatives and other preservatives, including methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone. As not all allergens are listed on the label accurately, this can be misleading for the consumer.
Topics: Diaper Rash; Household Products; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Perfume
PubMed: 34523734
DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13715 -
Journal of Veterinary Emergency and... Jan 2022To describe the clinical presentation of a dog with hemolytic anemia secondary to zinc toxicosis after 1-week use of "max strength" 40% diaper rash cream.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the clinical presentation of a dog with hemolytic anemia secondary to zinc toxicosis after 1-week use of "max strength" 40% diaper rash cream.
CASE SUMMARY
A 2-year-old female neutered Maltese presented for vomiting, lethargy, pigmenturia, and pale mucous membranes. "Max Strength" zinc oxide cream had been applied to the patient daily for a week prior to presentation. Clinical examination revealed light pink to pale mucous membranes and tachycardia. Hematology demonstrated large numbers of spherocytes and a strongly regenerative anemia. Plasma zinc concentrations were markedly increased. A diagnosis of hemolytic anemia secondary to subacute zinc toxicosis was made and supportive therapy was instigated. The patient ultimately recovered uneventfully. Acute or subacute zinc toxicosis resulting in hemolytic anemia is not frequently observed, and this case was also unusual in that the zinc source was diaper cream, which historically has been thought to require very large quantities to cause toxicosis.
NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED
To the authors' knowledge, there is only one previously reported case of hemolytic anemia secondary to diaper cream use in a hospital setting but no previous reports involving toxicosis secondary to prolonged application at home by owners. Most commercial diaper creams contain zinc oxide, which historically was thought to have poor gastrointestinal absorption and would require a large quantity to cause significant toxicosis and hemolytic anemia. Moreover, this case emphasizes the potential risks associated with zinc oxide cream use, the significance of client education if using these creams, as well as the importance of history in elucidating the underlying cause of hemolytic anemia.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Diaper Rash; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Eating; Female; Zinc; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 34450683
DOI: 10.1111/vec.13110 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Aug 2021Diaper dermatitis is a skin problem that has decreased with the development of new technologies in disposable diapers that prevent excessive moisture in the perianal...
BACKGROUND
Diaper dermatitis is a skin problem that has decreased with the development of new technologies in disposable diapers that prevent excessive moisture in the perianal region. The following clinical case shows the relationship between the use of cloth reusable diapers and the appearance of Jacquet erosive diaper dermatitis, a serious and rare complication of diaper dermatitis.
CLINICAL CASE
We present the case of a 1-year-11-month-old patient, taken to the Dermatology department due to the presence of a lesion in the gluteal region. The mother reported the onset of the condition four months ago after the presence of semi-liquid stools. Localized dermatosis is observed on both lower limbs, affecting the genital region in the labia majora and the perianal region at the level of the intergluteal folds bilaterally and symmetrically. In the histopathological study, a posterosive Sevestre-Jacquet syphilid was diagnosed.
CONCLUSION
Sevestre-Jacquet's posterosive syphilitic dermatitis is a rare dermatological condition and its risk of occurrence is greater due to the use of ecological cloth diapers.
Topics: Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 34374577
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jul 2021Caregivers of patients who wear conventional diapers are required to check for voiding every hour because prolonged wearing of wet diapers causes health problems... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
A Smart Diaper System Using Bluetooth and Smartphones to Automatically Detect Urination and Volume of Voiding: Prospective Observational Pilot Study in an Acute Care Hospital.
BACKGROUND
Caregivers of patients who wear conventional diapers are required to check for voiding every hour because prolonged wearing of wet diapers causes health problems including diaper dermatitis and urinary tract infections. However, frequent checking is labor intensive and disturbs patients' and caregivers' sleep. Furthermore, assessing patients' urine output with diapers in an acute care setting is difficult. Recently, a smart diaper system with wetness detection technology was developed to solve these issues.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate the applicability of the smart diaper system for urinary detection, its accuracy in measuring voiding volume, and its effect on incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) occurrence in an acute care hospital.
METHODS
This prospective, observational, single-arm pilot study was conducted at a single tertiary hospital. We recruited 35 participants aged ≥50 years who were wearing diapers due to incontinence between August and November 2020. When the smart diaper becomes wet, the smart diaper system notifies the caregiver to change the diaper and measures voiding volume automatically. Caregivers were instructed to record the weight of wet diapers on frequency volume charts (FVCs). We determined the voiding detection rate of the smart diaper system and compared the urine volume as automatically calculated by the smart diaper system with the volume recorded on FVCs. Agreement between the two measurements was estimated using a Bland-Altman plot. We also checked for the occurrence or aggravation of IAD and bed sores.
RESULTS
A total of 30 participants completed the protocol and 390 episodes of urination were recorded. There were 108 records (27.7%) on both the FVCs and the smart diaper system, 258 (66.2%) on the FVCs alone, 18 (4.6%) on the smart diaper system alone, and 6 (1.5%) on the FVCs with sensing device lost. The detection rate of the smart diaper system was 32.8% (126/384). When analyzing records concurrently listed in both the FVCs and the smart diaper system, linear regression showed a strong correlation between the two measurements (R=0.88, P<.001). The Bland-Altman assessment showed good agreement between the two measurements, with a mean difference of -4.2 mL and 95% limits of agreement of -96.7 mL and 88.3 mL. New occurrence and aggravation of IAD and bed sores were not observed. Bed sores improved in one participant.
CONCLUSIONS
The smart diaper system showed acceptable accuracy for measuring urine volume and it could replace conventional FVCs in acute setting hospitals. Furthermore, the smart diaper system has the potential advantage of preventing IAD development and bed sore worsening. However, the detection rate of the smart diaper system was lower than expected. Detection rate polarization among participants was observed, and improvements in the user interface and convenience are needed for older individuals who are unfamiliar with the smart diaper system.
Topics: Hospitals; Humans; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Smartphone; Urination
PubMed: 34328427
DOI: 10.2196/29979 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Jul 2021Lithospermum erythrorhizon has the functions of cooling blood, activating blood, as well as detoxifying and penetrating rash. Lithospermum oil extracted from...
[High performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of active components in lithospermum oil and its application to process optimization of lithospermum oil prepared by supercritical fluid extraction].
Lithospermum erythrorhizon has the functions of cooling blood, activating blood, as well as detoxifying and penetrating rash. Lithospermum oil extracted from Lithospermum erythrorhizon can prevent and treat diaper rash, skin ulceration, eczema, and other skin diseases. Supercritical fluid extraction is the optimal method for the extraction of active components from lithospermum. In this study, an analytical method was established for simultaneously determination of six active components in lithospermum oil with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the contents of the active components as the evaluation index were used to investigate several important factors in the preparation of lithospermum oil by supercritical fluid extraction. The optimized HPLC conditions were as follows: separation column, Diamonsil C (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phases, acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid-0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate (75∶25, v/v); flow rate, 1 mL/min; injection volume, 15 μL; room temperature; photodiode array detector (PAD); detection wavelength, 275 nm. The supercritical fluid extraction was optimized for ensuring stability of the amounts of effective components and the reliability of the quality of lithospermum oil. This will serve as the basis for preparation and quality control processes. Three factors and three levels orthogonal tests were adopted to investigate the important factors, viz. the pressure, temperature and CO flow rate in the preparation of lithospermum oil. The results showed that the developed HPLC-PAD method can be used for the simultaneous determination of shikonin, acetylshikonin, -acetoxyisovaleryl akanin, isobutyryl shikonin, ,-dimethylacryl shikonin, and 2-methylbutyryl shikonin in 30 min. The method has good precision, accuracy and repeatability. The contents of the active components were the highest when the extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and CO flow rate were 23 MPa, 40 ℃, and 27 L/h, respectively. The optimized conditions are suitable for the preparation and actual production of lithospermum oil. The HPLC-PAD method is simple, feasible, accurate, and reliable. It can be used for the preparation and quality control of lithospermum oil by supercritical fluid extraction. Thus, with this method, the stability of the contents of active ingredients and the reliability of the quality of lithospermum oil can be ensured; moreover, safe and effective drug use can be realized. The established method has obvious advantages over the traditional process and is a good candidate for widespread use.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Lithospermum; Phytochemicals; Plant Oils; Reproducibility of Results; Temperature
PubMed: 34227368
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.12009