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Cytokine Jun 2024Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disease associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Due to its complex pathogenesis, there are still limitations...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disease associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Due to its complex pathogenesis, there are still limitations in the knowledge of the disease. To date, no drug has been approved to treat NAFLD. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Ebselen (EbSe) in NAFLD. A high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD was employed to investigate EbSe function in NAFLD mice by EbSe gavage and to regularly monitor the mouse body weight. HE and oil red O staining were performed, respectively, to detect the pathological damage and lipid accumulation in mouse liver tissues. The biochemical and ELISA kits were employed to measure the levels of ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and pro-inflammatory cytokines within mouse serum or liver tissue. The expression of key proteins of PPARα, fatty acid β oxidation-related protein, PI3K/Akt and TLR4/JNK signaling pathway was detected by western blot. EbSe significantly downregulated body weight, liver weight and liver lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice and downregulated ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C and increased HDL-C serum levels. EbSe upregulated the expression levels of PPARα and fatty acid β oxidation-associated proteins CPT1α, ACOX1, UCP2 and PGC1α. EbSe promoted Akt and PI3K phosphorylation, and inhibited TLR4 expression and JNK phosphorylation. EbSe can upregulate PPARα to promote fatty acid β-oxidation and improve hepatic lipid metabolism. Meanwhile, EbSe also activated PI3K/Akt and inhibited TLR4/JNK signaling pathway. EbSe is predicted to be an effective therapeutic drug for treating NAFLD.
PubMed: 38943739
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156671 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024The association between dietary quality and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI-16) is seldom reported. We hypothesized that...
Suboptimal diet quality is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older populations in China: evidence from a population-based cross-sectional study.
The association between dietary quality and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI-16) is seldom reported. We hypothesized that poor dietary quality might increase the risk of T2DM in the middle-aged and older populations. A total of 1816 individuals (≥50 years) were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and dietary intake data were collected. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted to explore the association between DBI-16 indexes and the risk of T2DM. The insufficient intake of vegetables and dairy might decrease the risk of T2DM (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60-0.97; OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.96), but the individuals with insufficient intake of fruit were more likely to have a higher risk of T2DM (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.69-3.06). Compared with the subjects with the lowest quartile of Low Bound Score (LBS) or Diet Quality Distance (DQD), the individuals with Q2 and Q3 level of LBS (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.03-1.90, P = .033; OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.11-2.08, P < .01) or DQD (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.06-1.99, P = .021; OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.20-2.24, P < .01) showed increased risk of T2DM with a nonlinear association observed by RCS analysis. We concluded that imbalanced dietary intake, especially insufficient daily fruit intake, might predict an increased risk of T2DM in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese.
PubMed: 38943730
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.05.008 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... Jun 2024Heart failure (HF) imposes a substantial burden on older adults, and healthy diets and lifestyles may bring with benefits. However, quantifiable studies on the dietary...
BACKGROUND
Heart failure (HF) imposes a substantial burden on older adults, and healthy diets and lifestyles may bring with benefits. However, quantifiable studies on the dietary and lifestyle risk factors for HF are scant. The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) reflects the oxidative stress status of dietary components and lifestyle factors, but its relationship with HF risk is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
We aims to explore the association between OBS and the prevalence of HF.
METHODS
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018, the association between OBS and the HF prevalence was analyzed by weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed the stability of the results.
RESULTS
The prevalence of HF in the cohort of 6238 older adults was 5.55 %. Compared to the lowest quintile, the adjusted ORs for HF in the highest quintile of OBS and lifestyle OBS were 0.57 (95 % CI: 0.33,0.97) and 0.21 (95 %CI: 0.09,0.50), respectively. The association between OBS and HF prevalence remained stable across different models and subgroups. RCS revealed a potential inflection point. Sensitivity analysis validated the negative association between OBS and HF prevalence, and the correlation analysis between OBS and serum γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) confirmed the reliability of the study design.
CONCLUSION
The OBS is negatively associated with HF prevalence in older adults, and may help prevent HF in this population.
PubMed: 38943717
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.06.006 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jun 2024Hyperlipidemia, inadequate diet, and excessive medication increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Paeonl (Pae), a phenolic compound found in Peony and Angelica...
BACKGROUND
Hyperlipidemia, inadequate diet, and excessive medication increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Paeonl (Pae), a phenolic compound found in Peony and Angelica dahurica, can alleviate lipid metabolism disorders and lipotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism of Pae alleviating hyperlipidemia remains unclear and needs to be further explored.
PURPOSE
In this study, we explored whether Pae can prevent hyperlipidemia and investigated the molecular mechanisms.
METHODS
The effects of Pae (30, 45, 60mg·kg) on hyperlipidemia in Tyloapol-induced WT mice and Nrf2 knockout mice (Pae: 60mg·kg) were detected by oil red O staining, HE staining, TG, TC and other indexes. The expression levels of proinflammatory mediators, key lipid proteins and autophagy signaling pathway proteins were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and immunofluorescence. The molecular mechanism of Pae alleviating hyperlipidemia was explored through molecular docking technique and in vivo and in vitro experiments.
RESULTS
Several studies indicated that Pae effectively improved tyloxapol (Ty)-induced lipid metabolism disorder, as evidenced by decreased triglyceride content, increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) protein expression. In addition, Pae ameliorated hyperlipidemia by activating the AMPK/ACC and PI3K/mTOR pathways. Interestingly, the therapeutic effect of Pae on hyperlipidemia was markedly reduced in Nrf2 mice. Molecular docking results indicated that Pae and Nrf2 exhibited good binding ability, suggesting that Nrf2 is a core target mediating the effects of Pae in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Taken together, Pae alleviated hyperlipidemia in vivo and ameliorated lipid accumulation in vitro by activating AMPK/ACC and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways via Nrf2 binding.
CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that paeonol can ameliorate hyperlipidemia and autophagy in mice by regulating Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR pathways, and it has potential therapeutic value in the occurrence and development of hyperlipidemia.
PubMed: 38943694
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155839 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Jun 2024The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) Guideline for Maintenance Fluid Therapy in Adults in Hospital is widely used, but the recommendations have...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) Guideline for Maintenance Fluid Therapy in Adults in Hospital is widely used, but the recommendations have not been evaluated properly. In this study, we investigated whether the recommendation of providing 25-30 mL/kg/day of fluid and 1 mmol/kg each of sodium and potassium is sufficient for human needs.
METHODS
First, we calculated the distribution of fluid between the extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and intracellular fluid volume (ICV) during a cross-over infusion experiment where 12 volunteers received 25 mL/kg/day of either a high-sodium (154 mmol/L) or low-sodium (54 mmol/L) solution over 48 h. Second, urine samples from 719 volunteers and clinical patients were used to quantify their renal water conservation and excretion of sodium and potassium. Third, retrospective analysis of a diet study was used to extrapolate how large the fluid intake and the electrolyte excretion likely had been in the 719 volunteers and hospital patients who delivered urine.
RESULTS
The high-sodium fluid maintained the ECV but the ICV had decreased by 1.3 L after 48 h. The low-sodium fluid resulted in a volume deficit of 1.7 L that equally affected the ECV and the ICV. Regression equations based on the diet study suggested that the daily intake of water in the 719 subjects averaged 2.6 L and that 2 mmol/kg of sodium and 1 mmol/kg of potassium was excreted.
CONCLUSION
The NICE guideline recommends too little water and sodium for a human to adequately maintain the ECV and ICV.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONS
EudraCT 2016-001846-24 and ISRCTN 12215472.
PubMed: 38943651
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.021 -
Cell Reports Jun 2024Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. A model cell system is constructed to induce ferroptosis by...
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. A model cell system is constructed to induce ferroptosis by re-expressing the transcription factor BACH1, a potent ferroptosis inducer, in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs). The transfer of the culture supernatant from ferroptotic iMEFs activates the proliferation of hepatoma cells and other fibroblasts and suppresses cellular senescence-like features. The BACH1-dependent secretion of the longevity factor FGF21 is increased in ferroptotic iMEFs. The anti-senescent effects of the culture supernatant from these iMEFs are abrogated by Fgf21 knockout. BACH1 activates the transcription of Fgf21 by promoting ferroptotic stress and increases FGF21 protein expression by suppressing its autophagic degradation through transcriptional Sqstm1 and Lamp2 repression. The BACH1-induced ferroptotic FGF21 secretion suppresses obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice and the short lifespan of progeria mice. The inhibition of these aging-related phenotypes can be physiologically significant regarding ferroptosis.
PubMed: 38943639
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114403 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Jun 2024We aimed to verify the effectiveness of electroacupuncture on postoperative ileus prevention after abdominal surgery by meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). (Review)
Review
Effectiveness of electroacupuncture on postoperative ileus prevention after abdominal surgery: A systematic review and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
We aimed to verify the effectiveness of electroacupuncture on postoperative ileus prevention after abdominal surgery by meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA).
METHODS
From inception to May 14, 2024, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched. TSA was used to determine an optimal sample size and control false-positive findings. The primary outcome was the time to first defecation (hours).
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included, with 1105 participants. Meta-analysis and TSA revealed firm evidence for benefits that electroacupuncture shorted the time to first defecation (mean difference [MD] -12.73 h, I = 22%, P < 0.01), the time to first flatus (MD -7.03 h, I = 25%, P < 0.01), the time to start of sips of water (MD -12.02 h, I = 0%, P < 0.01), and the time to start of liquid diet (MD -12.97 h, I = 0%, P < 0.01) compared with usual care. While compared with sham electroacupuncture, meta-analysis and TSA also confirmed that electroacupuncture shortened the time to first defecation (MD -10.81 h, I = 31%, P = 0.02) and the time to first flatus (MD -10.81 h, I = 0%, P < 0.01). However, TSA revealed that firm evidence for benefit or futility was not reached for the length of hospital stay and the rates of postoperative prolonged ileus.
CONCLUSIONS
Electroacupuncture shortened the duration of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, and the adverse events related to electroacupuncture were minor. Further investigation of the effect of electroacupuncture on the risk of prolonged postoperative ileus is warranted in the future.
PubMed: 38943533
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16670 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Jun 2024Sida rhombifolia (S. rhombifolia) is a widely used herbal plant for humans because of its antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its potential use as a feed additive...
Sida rhombifolia (S. rhombifolia) is a widely used herbal plant for humans because of its antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its potential use as a feed additive for livestock has not been investigated. Twenty 350 days-old Anyi tile-like grey chickens were randomly divided into a control group (fed basal diet) and a treatment group (fed basal diet + 3% of S. rhombifolia), and these chickens were feed for 31 days. Dietary S. rhombifolia remarkably enhanced plasma antioxidants, including the significantly increased total antioxidant capability (p < 0.01), catalase (p = 0.04), and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.01) in the treatment group. Furthermore, dietary S. rhombifolia also modulated chicken cecal microbiota, including an increased microbial diversity (Shannon, p = 0.03; Chao1, p = 0.03) in the treatment group. Regarding taxonomic analysis, 34 microbial taxa showed significant differences between the two groups. Meanwhile, the dominant phylum Actinobacteriota (p = 0.04), and dominant genera Desulfovibrio (p = 0.04) and Olsenella (p = 0.02) were significantly increased after treatment, whereas the pathogenic genus Escherichia-Shigella (p = 0.04) was significantly decreased after feeding S. rhombifolia. The results indicating that S. rhombifolia has potential for use as a natural plant feed additive for chickens.
PubMed: 38943520
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.14013 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Jun 2024The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione (GSH) precursors, was studied as a factor in determining the growth rate of weaning pigs, their...
The impact of glycine and glutamate, as components of glutathione (GSH) precursors, was studied as a factor in determining the growth rate of weaning pigs, their digestion of nutrient supplements and their blood concentration levels. There were 180 crossbred weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.94 ± 1.53 kg (five pigs per pen [two barrows and three gilts]; nine pens per treatment) that were randomly assigned to one of four diets. We used a basal diet as the control, TRT1 as the treatment with 0.10% precursor of GSH, TRT2 as the treatment with 0.20% precursor of GSH and TRT3 as the treatment with 0.30% precursor of GSH. The BW of weaning pigs exhibited a linear increase on days 7 (p < 0.001), 21 (p < 0.001) and 42 (p < 0.009) following the supplementation with the GSH precursor. Supplementation with GSH precursor led to a consistent and gradual increase in average daily gain (ADG) on days 8-21, 22-42 and overall, as indicated by a significant linear trend (p < 0.05). G: F was linearly increased (p < 0.05) on days 22-42 and overall with the increment in the precursor of GSH supplementation. However, GSH precursor supplementation did not have any impact on nutrient digestibility and blood profile in the treatment group. In summary, the administration of GSH precursor improved BW, ADG and G: F ratio while not affecting nutrient digestibility or blood profile.
PubMed: 38943511
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.14011 -
Journal of Animal Science Jun 2024Rations containing different rates of the mixed fodder beet tops-wheat straw silage (BS), instead of corn silage (CS), were given to 30 mid-lactation Holstein cows (all...
Rations containing different rates of the mixed fodder beet tops-wheat straw silage (BS), instead of corn silage (CS), were given to 30 mid-lactation Holstein cows (all in parity 2) to measure the effects on feed consumption, milk production efficiency, milk chemistry, urinary purine-derivatives (PD), blood chemistry, antioxidant levels, and in vitro methane (CH4) emission. The BS was prepared by mixing the fodder beet tops with wheat straw at a ratio of 9:1 based on fresh weight. The experimental design was completely randomized (one 28-d period with 21-d adaptation) using 30 cows (10 animals/treatment) and 3 treatments. The treatments were 1) a diet containing CS only (25 g/100 g DM) (CSD), 2) a diet containing 50% CS (12.5 g/100 g DM) and 50% BS (12.5 g/100 g DM) (CBSD), and 3) diet containing BS only (25 g/100 g DM) (BSD). Each animal (as an experimental unit) was housed individually in the tie stall and had ad libitum access to its diet. Dietary replacing 50% of CS with BS showed no significant differences in milk production, fat-corrected milk, fat and protein yields, feed efficiency, and apparent digestibility, however, these variables were less (P < 0.05) in the cows fed with BSD. Cows fed on BSD had less intakes of DM, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber but greater oxalic acid intake and blood urea-N, as compared to the other cows. Milk percentages of fat, protein, lactose, urea N, blood serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, Ca, and P, as well as in vitro ruminal pH, were not affected by the diets. Saturated fatty acids concentration was less and monounsaturated FA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) was greater in the milk of cows receiving CBSD, compared to the other groups. The inclusion of both BS rates in the diet decreased the in vitro gas production, protozoa number, and CH4 emission in comparison to the control. Cows fed BSD had decreased levels of urinary allantoin, PD excreted or absorbed, and estimated microbial-N synthesis than the control and CBSD-fed groups. The milk and blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the animals fed CBSD was the maximum among the cows. Overall, under the current experimental conditions, replacing 50% of dietary CS with BS did not affect milk production, but increased milk PUFA, as well as blood and milk TAC, and decreased in vitro CH4 emission, so it's feeding to lactating Holstein cows is recommended.
PubMed: 38943457
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae179