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Nutrients Apr 2024We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, B2, methionine, choline, phosphatidylcholine and betaine during the period...
We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, B2, methionine, choline, phosphatidylcholine and betaine during the period surrounding pregnancy and offspring weight outcomes from birth to early adulthood. These associations were examined among 2454 mother-child pairs from the Nurses' Health Study II and Growing Up Today Study. Maternal energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaires. Birth weight, body size at age 5 and repeated BMI measurements were considered. Overweight/obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force (<18 years) and World Health Organization guidelines (18+ years). Among other estimands, we report relative risks (RRs) for offspring ever being overweight with corresponding 95% confidence intervals across quintiles of dietary factors, with the lowest quintile as the reference. In multivariate-adjusted models, higher maternal intakes of phosphatidylcholine were associated with a higher risk of offspring ever being overweight (RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.16 [1.01-1.33] -trend: 0.003). The association was stronger among offspring born to mothers with high red meat intake (high red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.50 [1.14-1.98], -trend: 0.001; low red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.05 [0.87-1.27], -trend: 0.46; -interaction = 0.13). Future studies confirming the association between a higher maternal phosphatidylcholine intake during pregnancy and offspring risk of being overweight or obese are needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Adult; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Overweight; Diet; Risk Factors; Male; Obesity; Child, Preschool; Body Mass Index; Choline; Phosphatidylcholines; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Birth Weight
PubMed: 38674900
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081210 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is exacerbated by obesity, yet the precise linking mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate...
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is exacerbated by obesity, yet the precise linking mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate how obesity amplifies AD symptoms. We studied skin samples from three mouse groups: sham control, AD, and high-fat (HF) + AD. The HF + AD mice exhibited more severe AD symptoms than the AD or sham control mice. Skin lipidome analysis revealed noteworthy changes in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, including increased expression of , a key enzyme in AA generation. Genes for phospholipid transport () and acyltransferase utilizing AA as the acyl donor () were upregulated in HF + AD skin. Associations were observed between AA-containing phospholipids and skin lipids containing AA and its metabolites. Furthermore, imbalanced phospholipid metabolism was identified in the HF + AD mice, marked by excessive activation of the AA and phosphatidic acid (PA)-mediated pathway. This imbalance featured increased expression of , , and involved in PA generation, along with a decrease in genes converting PA into diglycerol (DG) and CDP-DG ( and ). This investigation revealed imbalanced phospholipid metabolism in the skin of HF + AD mice, contributing to the heightened inflammatory response observed in HF + AD, shedding light on potential mechanisms linking obesity to the exacerbation of AD symptoms.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis, Atopic; Obesity; Mice; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Skin; Lipid Metabolism; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Arachidonic Acid; Lipidomics; Male; Phospholipids
PubMed: 38673730
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084143 -
Metabolites Mar 2024Little is known about lipid changes that occur in the setting of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) regression. We previously reported...
Little is known about lipid changes that occur in the setting of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) regression. We previously reported improvements in hepatic steatosis, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and metabolomic profiles associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and selected lipid metabolism in 40 adolescent boys (11-16 y) with hepatic steatosis ≥5% (98% meeting the definition of MASLD). Participants were randomized to a low-free-sugar diet (LFSD) (n = 20) or usual diet (n = 20) for 8 weeks. Here, we employed untargeted/targeted lipidomics to examine lipid adaptations associated with the LFSD and improvement of hepatic steatosis. Our LC-MS/MS analysis revealed decreased triglycerides (TGs), diacylglycerols (DGs), cholesteryl esters (ChE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) species with the diet intervention ( < 0.05). Network analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of palmitate-enriched TG species post-intervention, mirroring the previously shown reduction in DNL in response to the LFSD. Targeted oxylipins analysis revealed a decrease in the abundance of 8-isoprostane and 14,15-DiHET and an increase in 8,9-DiHET ( < 0.05). Overall, we observed reductions in TGs, DGs, ChE, PC, and LPC species among participants in the LFSD group. These same lipids have been associated with MASLD progression; therefore, our findings may indicate normalization of key biological processes, including lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and lipotoxicity. Additionally, our targeted oxylipins assay revealed novel changes in eicosanoids, suggesting improvements in oxidative stress. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of these findings and prospects of these lipids as biomarkers of MASLD regression.
PubMed: 38668319
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040191 -
Respiratory Investigation Jul 2024Recent advances in fatty acid analysis have highlighted the links between lipid disruption and disease development. Lipid abnormalities are well-established risk factors... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in fatty acid analysis have highlighted the links between lipid disruption and disease development. Lipid abnormalities are well-established risk factors for many of the most common chronic illnesses, and their involvement in asthma is also becoming clear. Here, we review research demonstrating the role of abnormal lipid metabolism in asthma, with a focus on saturated fatty acids and sphingolipids. High levels of palmitic acid, the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the human body, have been found in the airways of asthmatic patients with obesity, and were shown to worsen eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma model mice on a high-fat diet. Aside from being a building block of longer-chain fatty acids, palmitic acid is also the starting point for de novo synthesis of ceramides, a class of sphingolipids. We outline the three main pathways for the synthesis of ceramides, which have been linked to the severity of asthma and act as precursors for the dynamic lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P signaling is involved in allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and immune-cell trafficking. A recent study of mice with mutations for the elongation of very long-chain fatty acid family member 6 (Elovl6), an enzyme that elongates fatty acid chains, has highlighted the potential role of palmitic acid composition, and thus lipid balance, in the pathophysiology of allergic airway inflammation. Elovl6 may be a potential therapeutic target in severe asthma.
Topics: Asthma; Humans; Animals; Sphingolipids; Ceramides; Mice; Lipid Metabolism; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Fatty Acid Elongases; Lysophospholipids; Sphingosine; Acetyltransferases; Disease Models, Animal; Obesity; Signal Transduction; Diet, High-Fat
PubMed: 38640569
DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.04.006 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research May 2024The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota,... (Review)
Review
The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota, barrier function, and tolerance to luminal antigens. Lipid metabolism and its unbalance can also contribute to acute and chronic inflammation in different conditions. In celiac disease (CD), the serum phospholipid profile in infants who developed CD is dramatically different when compared to that of infants at risk of CD not developing the disease. In a mouse model of gluten sensitivity, oral wheat gliadin challenge in connection with inhibition of the metabolism of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically induces the enteropathy. Recent evidence suggests that gluten may play a role also for development of life-style related diseases in populations on a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not yet understood. Exploratory studies in mice feed HFD show that wheat gliadin consumption affects glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis, alters the gut microbiota, and the immune cell profile in liver.
Topics: Celiac Disease; Gliadin; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Obesity; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Triticum; Mice; Lipid Metabolism
PubMed: 38632845
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300779 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... May 2024The sea cucumber plasmalogen PlsEtn has been shown to be associated with various chronic diseases related to lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism is unclear....
The sea cucumber plasmalogen PlsEtn has been shown to be associated with various chronic diseases related to lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, the present study used the sea cucumber plasmanylcholine PakCho as a structural contrast to PlsEtn and assessed its effect in 8 week high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The lipidomic approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with molecular biology techniques was used to evaluate the mechanism of PlsEtn. The results showed that both PlsEtn and PakCho significantly inhibited an increase in mouse body weight and liver total triglyceride and total cholesterol levels caused by HFD. In addition, oil red O staining demonstrated that lipid droplets stored in the liver were degraded. Meanwhile, untargeted lipidomic experiments revealed that total lipids (increased by 42.8 mmol/mg prot; < 0.05), triglycerides (increased by 38.9 mmol/mg prot; < 0.01), sphingolipids (increased by 1.5 mmol/mg prot; < 0.0001), and phospholipids (increased by 2.5 mmol/mg prot; < 0.05) were all significantly elevated under HFD. PlsEtn resolved lipid metabolism disorders by alleviating the abnormal expression of lipid subclasses. In addition, five lipid molecular species, PE (18:1/20:4), PE (18:1/20:3), PE (18:1/18:3), TG (16:0/16:0/17:0), and TG (15:0/16:0/18:1), were identified as the biomarkers of HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders. Finally, lipophagy-associated protein expression analysis showed that HFD abnormally activated lipophagy via ULK1 phosphorylation and PlsEtn alleviated lipophagy disorder through lysosomal function promotion. In addition, PlsEtn performed better than PakCho. Taken together, the current study results unraveled the mechanism of PlsEtn in alleviating lipid metabolism disorder and offered a new theoretical foundation for the high-value development of sea cucumber.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Mice; Sea Cucumbers; Liver; Male; Lipid Metabolism; Plasmalogens; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Triglycerides; Humans; Lipids
PubMed: 38630981
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00152 -
BioEssays : News and Reviews in... Jun 2024Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is associated with a spectrum of health-promoting benefits. Being conducive to prevention of chronic diseases and extension of life... (Review)
Review
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is associated with a spectrum of health-promoting benefits. Being conducive to prevention of chronic diseases and extension of life span, MR can activate integrated responses at metabolic, transcriptional, and physiological levels. However, how the mitochondria of MR influence metabolic phenotypes remains elusive. Here, we provide a summary of cellular functions of methionine metabolism and an overview of the current understanding of effector mechanisms of MR, with a focus on the aspect of mitochondria-mediated responses. We propose that mitochondria can sense and respond to MR through a modulatory role of lipoylation, a mitochondrial protein modification sensitized by MR.
Topics: Methionine; Mitochondria; Humans; Animals; Lipoylation; Mitochondrial Proteins; Adaptation, Physiological
PubMed: 38616332
DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300218 -
The Journal of Nutrition Jun 2024Infant formulas are typically manufactured using skimmed milk, whey proteins, and vegetable oils, which excludes milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). MFGM contains polar... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Infant formulas are typically manufactured using skimmed milk, whey proteins, and vegetable oils, which excludes milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). MFGM contains polar lipids, including sphingomyelin (SM).
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was comparison of infant plasma SM and acylcarnitine species between infants who are breastfed or receiving infant formulas with different fat sources.
METHODS
In this explorative study, we focused on SM and acylcarnitine species concentrations measured in plasma samples from the TIGGA study (ACTRN12608000047392), where infants were randomly assigned to receive either a cow milk-based infant formula (CIF) with vegetable oils only or a goat milk-based infant formula (GIF) with a goat milk fat (including MFGM) and vegetable oil mixture to the age ≥4 mo. Breastfed infants were followed as a reference group. Using tandem mass spectrometry, SM species in the study formulas and SM and acylcarnitine species in plasma samples collected at the age of 4 mo were analyzed.
RESULTS
Total SM concentrations (∼42 μmol/L) and patterns of SM species were similar in both formulas. The total plasma SM concentrations were not different between the formula groups but were 15 % (CIF) and 21% (GIF) lower in the formula groups than in the breastfed group. Between the formula groups, differences in SM species were statistically significant but small. Total carnitine and major (acyl) carnitine species were not different between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The higher total SM concentration in breastfed than in formula-fed infants might be related to a higher SM content in human milk, differences in cholesterol metabolism, dietary fatty acid intake, or other factors not yet identified. SM and acylcarnitine species composition in plasma is not closely related to the formula fatty acid composition. This trial was registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12608000047392.
Topics: Humans; Infant Formula; Animals; Carnitine; Goats; Milk, Human; Infant; Sphingomyelins; Milk; Female; Male; Cattle; Breast Feeding; Esters; Infant, Newborn; Plant Oils
PubMed: 38615734
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.020 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Frequently consuming processed and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods is regarded as unhealthy, but evidence on the relationships with circulating metabolic parameters is lacking....
A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study on Association of Ready-to-Eat and Processed Food Intakes with Metabolic Factors, Serum Trans Fat and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions in Healthy Japanese Adults.
Frequently consuming processed and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods is regarded as unhealthy, but evidence on the relationships with circulating metabolic parameters is lacking. Japanese residents of a metropolitan area, 20 to 50 years of age, were studied in terms of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including circulating trans fat and serum phospholipid fatty acid levels. Processed foods, except drinks and dairy items, were categorized according to requirements for additional ingredients and cooking before eating. Processed and RTE foods were divided according to fat and/or oil content into non-fatty or fatty foods. The participants were grouped into tertiles based on the energy percent (En%) derived from fatty-RTE foods. Fatty-RTE En% showed negative associations with fish, soybean and soybean products, dairy, eggs, vegetables, seaweed/mushrooms/konjac, fruit and non-oily seasonings reflecting lower dietary fiber, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and mineral and vitamin intakes, while the associations with fat/oil, confectionaries, and sweet beverages were positive. Fatty-RTE En% consumption was positively associated with alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, direct bilirubin, elaidic acid, and C18:2 but inversely associated with HDL cholesterol, C15:0, C17:0, EPA, and DHA. A higher fatty-RTE food intake was suggested to contribute to unbalanced nutrient intakes, as reflected in lipid metabolic parameters. Further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the quality and impacts of RTE foods.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Humans; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Pilot Projects; Cross-Sectional Studies; Food, Processed; Japan; Vegetables; Docosahexaenoic Acids
PubMed: 38613065
DOI: 10.3390/nu16071032 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024(1) Background: Diabetes is a common metabolic disease that seriously endangers human health. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the active...
(1) Background: Diabetes is a common metabolic disease that seriously endangers human health. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the active ingredient Eleutheroside B (EB) from the traditional Chinese medicine Eleutheroside on diabetes mellitus in a zebrafish model. Concomitant hepatic injury was also analysed, along with the study of possible molecular mechanisms using metabolomics technology. This work should provide some theoretical references for future experimental studies. (2) Methods: A zebrafish diabetes model was constructed by soaking in a 1.75% glucose solution and feeding a high-fat diet. The intervention drug groups were metformin (100 μg∙mL) and EB (50, 100, and 150 μg∙mL) via water-soluble exposure for 30 days. Glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C were evaluated in different treatment groups. GLUT4 protein expression was also evaluated in each group, and liver injury was observed by HE staining. Metabolomics techniques were used to investigate the mechanism by which EB regulates endogenous markers and metabolic pathways during the development of diabetes. (3) Results: All EB treatment groups in diabetic zebrafish showed significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) and improved blood glucose and lipid profiles. EB was found to upregulate GLUT4 protein expression and ameliorate the liver injury caused by diabetes. Metabolomics studies showed that EB causes changes in the metabolic profile of diabetic zebrafish. These were related to the regulation of purine metabolism, cytochrome P450, caffeine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, the mTOR signalling pathway, insulin resistance, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. (4) Conclusions: EB has a hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic zebrafish as well as significantly improving disorders of glycolipid metabolism. The mechanism of action of EB may involve regulation of the mTOR signalling pathway, purine metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Glucose; Lipid Metabolism; Zebrafish; Caffeine; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Diabetes Mellitus; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Glycerophospholipids; Glucosides; Phenylpropionates
PubMed: 38611823
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071545