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Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38940710
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i2.15479 -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38940709
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i2.15524 -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Jun 2024Although pulmonary manifestations occur frequently in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), empirical evidence of their impact on pulmonary function is scarce. This study...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Although pulmonary manifestations occur frequently in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), empirical evidence of their impact on pulmonary function is scarce. This study analyzed pulmonary function test (PFT) data from a large cohort of patients with AVV. Results were correlated with findings from diagnostic imaging and disease activity.
METHODS
Data from AAV patients with PFTs performed between 2008 and 2018 were extracted retrospectively from the database of a tertiary vasculitis center. Demographic and disease characteristics, imaging data and follow-up results were assessed and compared to PFT results.
RESULTS
The final analysis encompassed 147 patients. The mean time between first PFT and follow-up was 7.0 ± 11.0 months. In Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), forced expiratory vital capacity (FVCex, p<0.001), residual volume (RV, p<0.001) and the diffusion capacity of carbon oxide (TLCO, p=0.003) were significantly reduced compared to the reference value of 100% predicted. There was no significant difference between patients with or without pulmonary manifestations. In Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA), reductions of FVCex (p<0.001), TLC (p=0.005), and TLCO (p=0.003) were observed. In Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), total airway resistance (RAWtot, p=0.024) and RV (p=0.009) were significantly elevated and TLCO was reduced (p=0.014). Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with a decline of FVCex (-15.7%, p=0.0028), TLC (-26.5%, p<0.001), RV (-38.9%, p=0.023) and TLCO (-29.1%, p=0.007). Significant differences were neither detected between first PFT and follow-up examination, nor between patients with active versus inactive disease.
CONCLUSIONS
AAV patients presented with characteristic alterations in PFTs according to their respective pulmonary and/or airway manifestations. These results did not change over time and were independent from vasculitis activity.
PubMed: 38940708
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i2.15577 -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Jun 2024Social predictors affect severity of sarcoidosis, with Black patients, older individuals, those with lower income, and those without insurance having greater severity....
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Social predictors affect severity of sarcoidosis, with Black patients, older individuals, those with lower income, and those without insurance having greater severity. This study aimed to explore potential disparities affecting access to care in sarcoidosis patients with a primary focus on metrics such as area deprivation index (ADI) and its association with adherence to the proposed regimen.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review study of all patients seen in pulmonary clinics at a large urban tertiary care center over 2 years with sarcoidosis patients identified with International Classification of Diseases diagnosis code D86. Data collected included age, race, sex, ADI, insurance, online patient portal usage, chest x-rays, pulmonary function tests, missed visits, hospitalizations, positive biopsy, communication and visits around bronchoscopy. Categorical variables were described using frequency and percentage. Numerical variables were described using median, mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis included chi-square test, two-sample T-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to model independent association with 12 month no-show occurrence as a metric of adherence to the proposed regimen.
RESULTS
Among sarcoidosis patients (N = 788), univariate models showed the presence of active online patient portal use among younger patients (58.6 years with portal vs. 65.1 years without portal, p < 0.001), those with lower ADI (73 with portal vs. 92 without portal, p < 0.001) and with commercial insurance (48.5% with portal vs. 20.7% without portal, p < 0.001); more x-rays (45.6% with x-rays vs. 36.6% without x-rays, p = 0.018) and hospitalizations (50.3% with hospitalizations vs. 36.2% without hospitalizations, p < 0.001) in Medicare patients. Sarcoidosis patients with positive biopsies on file from 2013-2023 were more likely to be male (44.19% with positive biopsy vs. 33.91% without positive biopsy, p = 0.006), White (36.29% with positive biopsy vs. 22.9% without positive biopsy, p < 0.001) or other races (3.23% with positive biopsy vs. 2.25% without positive biopsy, p < 0.001), younger (55.8 years with positive biopsy vs. 61.7 years without positive biopsy, p < 0.001) and belonged to lower national ADI ranks (73 with positive biopsy vs. 80 without biopsy, p = 0.041). A multivariate analysis was done with those variables found to be significant in the univariate analyses, which revealed that higher ADI national was associated with failure to adhere to the proposed regimen.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified intricate patterns of sociodemographic variables affecting access to care in sarcoidosis patients, especially higher ADI national associated with failure to adhere to the proposed regimen, raising concerns for potential healthcare barriers. Understanding these barriers is vital for equitable high-quality care, assisting in timely and efficient management of the patient's disease.
PubMed: 38940707
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i2.15587 -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38940706
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i2.15655 -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38940705
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v41i2.16149 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jun 2024MnO-based materials have limited capacity and poor conductivity over various voltages, hampering their potential for energy storage applications. This work proposes a...
MnO-based materials have limited capacity and poor conductivity over various voltages, hampering their potential for energy storage applications. This work proposes a novel approach to address these challenges. A self-oriented multiple-electronic structure of a 1D-MnO-nanorod/2D-MnO-nanosphere composite was assembled on 2D-graphene oxide nanosheet/1D-carbon nanofiber (GO/CNF) hybrids. Aided by K ions, the MnO nanorods were partially converted to MnO nanospheres, while the GO nanosheets were combined with CNF through hydrogen bonds resulting in a unique double binary 1D-2D mixed morphology of MnO/MnO-GO/CNF hybrid, having a novel mechanism of multiple Mn ion redox reactions facilitated by the interconnected 3D network. The morphology of the MnO nanorods was controlled by regulating the potassium ion content through a rinsing strategy. Interestingly, pure MnO nanorods undergo air-annealing to form a mixture of nanorods and nanospheres (MnO/MnO) with a distinct morphology indicating pseudocapacitive surface redox reactions involving Mn, Mn, and Mn. In the presence of the GO/CNF framework, the charge storage properties of the MnO/MnO-GO/CNF composite electrode show dominant battery-type behavior because of the unique mesoporous structure with a crumpled morphology that provides relatively large voids and cavities with smaller diffusion paths to facilitate the accumulation/intercalation of charges at the inner electroactive sites for the diffusion-controlled process. The corresponding specific capacity of 800 C g or 222.2 mAh g at 1 A g and remarkable cycling stability (95%) over 5000 cycles at 3 A g were considerably higher than those of the reported electrodes of similar materials. Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor device is assembled using MnO/MnO-GO/CNF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, which exhibits a superior maximum energy density (∼25 Wh kg) and maximum power density (∼4.0 kW kg). Therefore, the as-synthesized composite highlights the development of highly active low-cost materials for next-generation energy storage applications.
PubMed: 38940603
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03109 -
The Journal of Chemical Physics Jun 2024The surfaces of many minerals are covered by naturally occurring cations that become partially hydrated and can be replaced by hydronium or other cations when the...
The surfaces of many minerals are covered by naturally occurring cations that become partially hydrated and can be replaced by hydronium or other cations when the surface is exposed to water or an aqueous solution. These ion exchange processes are relevant to various chemical and transport phenomena, yet elucidating their microscopic details is challenging for both experiments and simulations. In this work, we make a first step in this direction by investigating the behavior of the native K+ ions at the interface between neat water and the muscovite mica (001) surface with ab-initio-based machine learning molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling simulations. Our results show that the desorption of the surface K+ ions in pure ion-free water has a significant free energy barrier irrespective of their local surface arrangement. In contrast, facile K+ diffusion between mica's ditrigonal cavities characterized by different Al/Si orderings is observed. This behavior suggests that the K+ ions may favor a dynamic disordered surface arrangement rather than complete desorption when exposed to deionized water.
PubMed: 38940541
DOI: 10.1063/5.0217720 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Jun 2024It is known that glow discharges with a water anode inject and form solvated electrons at the plasma-liquid interface, driving a wide variety of reduction reactions....
It is known that glow discharges with a water anode inject and form solvated electrons at the plasma-liquid interface, driving a wide variety of reduction reactions. However, in systems with a water cathode, the production and role of solvated electrons are less clear. Here, we present evidence for the direct detection of solvated electrons produced at the interface of an argon plasma and a water cathode via absorption spectroscopy. We further quantify their yield using the dissociative electron attachment of chloroacetate, measuring a yield of 1.04 ± 0.59 electrons per incident ion, corresponding to approximately 100% faradaic efficiency. Additionally, we estimate a yield of 2.09 ± 0.93 hydroxyl radicals per incident ion. Comparison of this yield with other findings in the literature supports that these hydroxyl radicals are likely formed directly in the liquid phase rather than by diffusion from the vapor phase.
PubMed: 38940536
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00639 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jun 2024The chemically pre-intercalated lattice engineering is widely applied to elevate the electronic conductivity, expand the interlayer spacing, and improve the structural...
The chemically pre-intercalated lattice engineering is widely applied to elevate the electronic conductivity, expand the interlayer spacing, and improve the structural stability of layered oxide cathodes. However, the mainstream unitary metal ion pre-intercalation generally produces the cation/vacancy ordered superstructure, which astricts the further improvement of lattice respiration and charge-carrier ion storage and diffusion. Herein, a multiple metal ions pre-intercalation lattice engineering is proposed to break the cation/vacancy ordered superstructure. Taking the bilayer VO as an example, Ni, Co, and Zn ternary ions are simultaneously pre-intercalated into its interlayer space (NiCoZnVO). It is revealed that the Ni─Co neighboring characteristic caused by Ni(3d)-O(2p)-Co(3d) orbital coupling and the Co-Zn/Ni-Zn repulsion effect due to chemical bond incompatibility, endow the NiCoZnVO sample with the cation/vacancy disordered structure. This not only reduces the Li diffusion barrier, but also increases the diffusion dimension of Li (from one-dimension to two-dimension). Particularly, Ni, Co, and Zn ions co-pre-intercalation causes a prestress, which realizes a quasi-zero-strain structure at high-voltage window upon charging/discharging process. The functions of Ni ion stabilizing the lattice structure and Co or Zn ions activating more Li reversible storage reaction of V/V are further revealed. The cation/vacancy disordered structure significantly enhances Li storage properties of NiCoZnVO cathode.
PubMed: 38940444
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404099