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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health... Jul 2024Sleep stage classification plays a crucial role in sleep quality assessment and sleep disorder prevention. Nowadays, many studies have developed algorithms for this...
Sleep stage classification plays a crucial role in sleep quality assessment and sleep disorder prevention. Nowadays, many studies have developed algorithms for this purpose, but they still face two challenges. The first is noise in physiological signals from various devices. The second challenge is that most studies simply concatenate multi-modal features without considering their correlations. To this end, we propose a framework, namely Diff-SleepNet, to efficiently classify sleep stages from multi-modal input. This framework begins with a diffusion model with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PNSR) loss function that adaptively filters noise. The filtered signals are then transformed into a multi-view spectrum through data pre-processing. These spectra are processed by a transformer-based backbone to extract multi-modal features. The production is fed into the following multi-scale attention module for robust feature fusion. The sleep stage category is finally determined by a fully connected layer. Our framework is trained and validated on three typical datasets, i.e., SHHS, Sleep-EDF-SC, and Sleep-EDF-X. Experimental results demonstrate that it is effective and has advantages over other peer methods.
PubMed: 38959148
DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2024.3422472 -
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health... Jul 2024All three contrast-enhanced (CE) phases (e.g., Arterial, Portal Venous, and Delay) are crucial for diagnosing liver tumors. However, acquiring all three phases is...
All three contrast-enhanced (CE) phases (e.g., Arterial, Portal Venous, and Delay) are crucial for diagnosing liver tumors. However, acquiring all three phases is constrained due to contrast agents (CAs) risks, long imaging time, and strict imaging criteria. In this paper, we propose a novel Common-Unique Decomposition Driven Diffusion Model (CUDD-DM), capable of converting any two input phases in three phases into the remaining one, thereby reducing patient wait time, conserving medical resources, and reducing the use of CAs. 1) The Common-Unique Feature Decomposition Module, by utilizing spectral decomposition to capture both common and unique features among different inputs, not only learns correlations in highly similar areas between two input phases but also learns differences in different areas, thereby laying a foundation for the synthesis of remaining phase. 2) The Multi-scale Temporal Reset Gates Module, by bidirectional comparing lesions in current and multiple historical slices, maximizes reliance on previous slices when no lesions and minimizes this reliance when lesions are present, thereby preventing interference between consecutive slices. 3) The Diffusion Model-Driven Lesion Detail Synthesis Module, by employing a continuous and progressive generation process, accurately captures detailed features between data distributions, thereby avoiding the loss of detail caused by traditional methods (e.g., GAN) that overfocus on global distributions. Extensive experiments on a generalized CE liver tumor dataset have demonstrated that our CUDD-DM achieves state-of-the-art performance (improved the SSIM by at least 2.2% (lesions area 5.3%) comparing the seven leading methods). These results demonstrate that CUDD-DM advances CE liver tumor imaging technology.
PubMed: 38959147
DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2024.3421254 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Jul 2024Self-organization of inorganic matter enables bottom-up construction of materials with target shapes suited to their function. Positioning the building blocks in the...
Self-organization of inorganic matter enables bottom-up construction of materials with target shapes suited to their function. Positioning the building blocks in the growth process involves a well-balanced interplay of the reaction and diffusion. Whereas (supra)molecular structures have been used to template such growth processes, we reasoned that molecular assemblies can be employed to actively create concentration gradients that guide the deposition of solid, wire-like structures. The core of our approach comprises the interaction between myelin assemblies that deliver copper(II) ions to the tips of copper dendrites, which in turn grow along the Cu gradient upon electrodeposition. First, we successfully include Cu ions among amphiphile bilayers in myelin filaments, which grow from tri(ethylene glycol) monododecyl ether (CE) source droplets over air-water interfaces. Second, we characterize the growth of dendritic copper structures upon electrodeposition from a negative electrode at the sub-mM Cu concentrations that are anticipated upon release from copper(II)-loaded myelins. Third, we assess the intricate growth of copper dendrites upon electrodeposition, when combined with copper(II)-loaded myelins. The myelins deliver Cu at a negative electrode, feeding copper dendrite growth upon electrodeposition. Intriguingly, the copper dendrites follow the Cu gradient toward the myelins and grow along them toward the source droplet. We demonstrate the growth of dynamic connections among electrodes and surfactant droplets in reconfigurable setups─featuring a unique interplay between molecular assemblies and inorganic, solid structures.
PubMed: 38959136
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04346 -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Jul 2024The cholecystokinin type 2 receptor (CCK2-R) represents an ideal target for cancer therapy since it is overexpressed in several tumors and is associated with poor...
The cholecystokinin type 2 receptor (CCK2-R) represents an ideal target for cancer therapy since it is overexpressed in several tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Nastorazepide (Z-360), a selective CCK2-R antagonist, has been widely investigated as a CCK2-R ligand for targeted therapy; however, its high hydrophobicity may represent a limit to cell selectivity and optimal in vivo biodistribution. Here, we present three new fluorescent Z-360 derivatives () in which nastorazepide was linked, through spacers bearing different saccharides (glucose (G), lactose (L), and maltotriose (M)), to sulforhodamine B. A fourth compound () with no pendant sugar was also synthesized as a control. Through two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) in vitro studies, we evaluated the compound association with and selectivity for CCK2-R-overexpressing cells (A431-CCK2-R) vs CCK2-R-underexpressing cells (A431 WT). 2D in vitro studies highlighted a progressive increase of IP-002-Rho association with A431-CCK2-R cells according to the linker hydrophilicity, that is, maltotriose > lactose > glucose > hydrogen, with showing a 2.4- and a 1.36-fold higher uptake than and , respectively. Unexpectedly, showed a similar cell association to that of but with no difference between the two tested cell lines. On the contrary, association with A431-CCK2-R cells as compared to the A431 WT was found to be 1.08-, 1.14-, and 1.37-fold higher for , , and , respectively, proving to be the best-performing compound, as also confirmed by competition studies. Trafficking studies on A431-CCK2-R cells incubated with suggested the coexistence of receptor-mediated endocytosis and simple diffusion. On the contrary, a high and selective uptake of by A431-CCK2-R cells only was observed on 3D scaffolds embedded with cells, underlining the importance of 3D models in in vitro preliminary evaluation.
PubMed: 38959127
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00124 -
Molecular characterization and clinical relevance of metabolic signature subtypes in gastric cancer.Cell Reports Jul 2024Metabolic reprogramming dictates tumor molecular attributes and therapeutic potentials. However, the comprehensive metabolic characteristics in gastric cancer (GC)...
Metabolic reprogramming dictates tumor molecular attributes and therapeutic potentials. However, the comprehensive metabolic characteristics in gastric cancer (GC) remain obscure. Here, metabolic signature-based clustering analysis identifies three subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical features: MSC1 showed better prognosis and upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipid metabolism, combined with frequent TP53 and RHOA mutation; MSC2 had moderate prognosis and elevated nucleotide and amino acid metabolism, enriched by intestinal histology and mismatch repair deficient (dMMR); and MSC3 exhibited poor prognosis and enhanced glycan and energy metabolism, accompanied by diffuse histology and frequent CDH1 mutation. The Shandong Provincial Hospital (SDPH) in-house dataset with matched transcriptomic, metabolomic, and spatial-metabolomic analysis also validated these findings. Further, we constructed the metabolic subtype-related prognosis gene (MSPG) scoring model to quantify the activity of individual tumors and found a positive correlation with cuproptosis signaling. In conclusion, comprehensive recognition of the metabolite signature can enhance the understanding of diversity and heterogeneity in GC.
PubMed: 38959111
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114424 -
JAMA Surgery Jul 2024A standardized severity assessment approach is needed in children with appendicitis for postoperative adverse event estimation and severity adjustment for hospital-level...
IMPORTANCE
A standardized severity assessment approach is needed in children with appendicitis for postoperative adverse event estimation and severity adjustment for hospital-level comparative performance reporting.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between the presence and number of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Pediatric-defined intraoperative criteria for complicated appendicitis and outcomes in a population-based sample of children.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study used data from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP Pediatric Appendectomy Procedure Targeted Participant Use Data File and General Participant Use Data File for children younger than 18 years who underwent appendectomy from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2022, at 148 hospitals participating in NSQIP Pediatric.
EXPOSURE
The presence of NSQIP Pediatric intraoperative criteria for complicated appendicitis (ie, visible perforation, intraperitoneal abscess, extraluminal fecalith, and diffuse fibrinopurulent exudate).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Adverse event outcomes included postoperative rates of any surgical site infection (incisional or organ space), percutaneous drainage, sepsis, and reoperation. Resource use outcomes included operative duration and hospital length of stay, and rates of postoperative imaging, parenteral nutrition use, and revisits. Multivariable regression was used to explore the influence of individual and combinations of intraoperative criteria on outcomes after adjusting for patient characteristics.
RESULTS
Of 82 950 patients included, 23 221 (27.9%) had at least 1 finding of complicated appendicitis. Compared with cases without any criteria present, the presence of each finding of complicated appendicitis was independently associated with higher rates of any adverse events; adjusted odds ratios (AORs) by finding were 5.57 (95% CI, 5.04-6.15) for visible hole, 4.83 (95% CI, 4.17-5.59) for diffuse fibrinopurulent exudate, 7.06 (95% CI, 5.77-8.63) for abscess, and 6.62 (95% CI, 4.78-9.15) for fecalith. An increasing number of criteria was associated with a stepwise increase in risk of any adverse events; AOR by number of criteria met were 5.55 (95% CI, 5.09-6.05) for 1 criterion, 8.86 (95% CI, 8.16-9.62) for 2 criteria, and 16.65 (95% CI, 15.10-18.35) for ≥3 criteria. Similar patterns in criteria-specific and cumulative implications for outcomes were observed with each individual adverse event and resource use measure.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This cohort study found that postoperative complications and increased resource use are associated with the presence and number of NSQIP Pediatric criteria for complicated appendicitis. These criteria should be considered the gold standard, evidence-based severity assessment framework for estimating risk of adverse events and resource use in children with appendicitis.
PubMed: 38959019
DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1759 -
Journal of Fluorescence Jul 2024Pedalium Murex leaf extract was used in this study to create Nickel-doped Cerium oxide (Ni-CeO) nanoparticles at 3 mol% and 5 mol% molar concentrations. The...
Pedalium Murex leaf extract was used in this study to create Nickel-doped Cerium oxide (Ni-CeO) nanoparticles at 3 mol% and 5 mol% molar concentrations. The biosynthesized process was applied for the fabrication of Ni-CeO NPs. The X-ray diffraction method was used to identify their crystal structure. The XRD measurements showed that the Ni-CeO NPs crystallized into the face-centred cubic system. Fourier transform infrared spectral study was applied to explore the molecular vibrations and chemical bonding. The surface texture and chemical ingredients of Ni-CeO NPs were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The EDX mapping spectra illustrate the uniform dispersal of Ce, Ni, and O atoms over the sample's surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to confirm the chemical state of the Ni-CeO NPs. UV-Vis spectrum study was performed to ascertain the photon absorption, bandgap, and Urbach edge of Ni-CeO NPs. Photoluminescence (PL) research has been used to study the light-emitting characteristic of Ni-CeO NPs. The emissive intensity transition corresponding to Ni-CeO NPs was found to increase with the dopant level. The CIE 1931 chromaticity map was plotted to find the aptness of the samples for optical uses. The antifungal ability of Ni-CeO NPs was evaluated against the fungi candida albicans and candida krusein with the agar well-diffusion process. The fungicidal activity of the 3 mol% Ni doped CeO nanoparticles has shown a maximum zone of inhibition. The experimental findings illustrate the utility of Ni-CeO NPs for optical and antifungal applications.
PubMed: 38958905
DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03831-5 -
Journal of Biological Physics Jul 2024External electric and mechanical stimuli can induce shape deformation in excitable media because of its intrinsic flexible property. When the signals propagation in the...
External electric and mechanical stimuli can induce shape deformation in excitable media because of its intrinsic flexible property. When the signals propagation in the media is described by a neural network, creation of heterogeneity or defect is considered as the effect of shape deformation due to accumulation or release of energy in the media. In this paper, a temperature-light sensitive neuron model is developed from a nonlinear circuit composed of a phototube and a thermistor, and the physical energy is kept in capacitive and inductive terms. Furthermore, the Hamilton energy for this function neuron is obtained in theoretical way. A regular neural network is built on a square array by activating electric synapse between adjacent neurons, and a few of neurons in local area is excited by noisy disturbance, which induces local energy diversity, and continuous coupling enables energy propagation and diffusion. Initially, the Hamilton energy function for a temperature-light sensitive neuron can be obtained. Then, the finite neurons are applied noise to obtain energy diversity to explore the energy spread between neurons in the network. For keeping local energy balance, one intrinsic parameter is regulated adaptively until energy diversity in this local area is decreased greatly. Regular pattern formation indicates that local energy balance creates heterogeneity or defects and a few of neurons show continuous parameter shift for keeping energy balance in a local area, which supports gradient energy distribution for propagating waves in the network.
PubMed: 38958893
DOI: 10.1007/s10867-024-09659-1 -
Virchows Archiv : An International... Jul 2024The exact relationship between solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) with neuroendocrine differentiation and SPC and...
A morphological and immunohistochemical study of ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, and mucinous carcinoma of the breast in comparison with solid papillary carcinoma regarding neuroendocrine marker expression.
The exact relationship between solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) and invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) with neuroendocrine differentiation and SPC and mucinous carcinoma (MC) of the breast remains unclear. To clarify the relationship, we conducted a comparative study of morphological and neuroendocrine features between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, 72 cases) and SPC in situ (35 cases), and IBC-NST (103 cases) and invasive SPC (92 cases). We also conducted the study between MC associated with and without SPC. Synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and INSM1 were employed for the immunohistochemical study. IBC-NST had occasionally a morphological similarity with invasive SPC. While 123 of 127 cases with SPC demonstrated diffuse staining with one or more of the neuroendocrine markers, the only one case of DCIS and none of IBC-NST showed it. Type B was observed in 16 of 18 cases of MC associated with SPC and in 13 of 33 cases of MC without it. All the cases of MC with SPC and 6 of 33 cases without it showed diffuse staining for at least one of the neuroendocrine markers. In conclusion, a careful distinction between invasive SPC and IBC-NST with neuroendocrine differentiation is required. We assume that SPC in situ is a potential candidate for precursor of IBC-NST with neuroendocrine differentiation. MC of the breast is suggested to have two pathogenetic pathways through SPC in situ or non-SPC in situ. SPC in situ is thought to be less common as a precursor of MC than non-SPC in situ.
PubMed: 38958708
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03857-x -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Jul 2024Understanding mass transfer kinetics within individual porous particles is crucial for theoretically explaining the retention and elution behaviors in chromatography and...
Effect of Organic Solvent on the Mass Transfer Mechanism of Coumarin 102 in a Single Octadecylsilyl Silica Gel/Organic Solvent-Water System by Laser Trapping and Fluorescence Microspectroscopy.
Understanding mass transfer kinetics within individual porous particles is crucial for theoretically explaining the retention and elution behaviors in chromatography and drug delivery. Using laser trapping and fluorescence microspectroscopy, we investigated the diffusion mechanism of coumarin 102 (C102) into single octadecylsilyl particle in acetonitrile (ACN)/water, ,-dimethylformamide (DMF)/water, and 1-butanol (BuOH)/water solutions. The intraparticle diffusion behavior of C102 was evaluated using the spherical diffusion equation, allowing us to determine the intraparticle diffusion coefficients (): (8-10) × 10 cm s for ACN, (10-16) × 10 cm s for DMF, and (4-6) × 10 cm s for BuOH. The obtained values were further analyzed using a pore and surface diffusion model. Thus, we revealed that the diffusion mechanism of C102 differed depending on the organic solvent: surface diffusion for ACN and DMF and pore and surface diffusions for BuOH were observed. This difference is attributed to the formation of a concentrated liquid phase of ACN and DMF at the interface of the alkyl chain and the bulk solution in the pore.
PubMed: 38958592
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00878