-
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024This study evaluated the influence of milk production, number of lactations, and days in milk (DIM) on the quality and composition of milk from dairy cows housed in a...
This study evaluated the influence of milk production, number of lactations, and days in milk (DIM) on the quality and composition of milk from dairy cows housed in a compost barn (CB) system. The study was carried out using a six-year database, counting 31,268 observations from 2,037 cows of European breeds. Multiparous cows showed higher fat and protein production. Lactose showed high levels for primiparous and the initial stage of lactation (4.65%) and was negatively influenced by somatic cell count (SCC). Milk urea nitrogen was higher (14.01%) from 106 to 205 days in milk, and the other components were higher at >305 days. Therefore, the solids content was higher in the first and second lactations due to the high contents of lactose, fat, and milk protein, but lactose was reduced over lactations. In contrast, high DIM increased SCC and concentrated solids due to lower milk production. The effect of milk production, stage, and lactation order on the composition and milk quality of herds housed in CB showed the same pattern as in other production systems.
Topics: Animals; Lactation; Milk; Female; Cattle; Dairying; Composting; Lactose; Time Factors; Milk Proteins
PubMed: 38865506
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420221063 -
Horticulture Research Jun 2024Citrus fruits have abundant flavonoid glycosides (FGs), an important class of natural functional and flavor components. However, there have been few reports about the...
Citrus fruits have abundant flavonoid glycosides (FGs), an important class of natural functional and flavor components. However, there have been few reports about the modification of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) on flavonoids in citrus. Notably, in flavonoid biosynthesis, 7--glucosylation is the initial and essential step of glycosylation prior to the synthesis of flavanone disaccharides, the most abundant and iconic FGs in citrus fruits. Here, based on the accumulation of FGs observed at the very early fruit development stage of two pummelo varieties, we screened six novel flavonoid 7--glucosyltransferase genes () transcriptomic analysis and then characterized them . The results revealed that four Cg7GlcTs possess wide catalytic activities towards various flavonoid substrates, with CgUGT89AK1 exhibiting the highest catalytic efficiency. Transient overexpression of and led to increases in FG synthesis in pummelo leaves. Interestingly, these two genes had conserved sequences and consistent functions across different germplasms. Moreover, was found to play a role in the response of citrus to Huanglongbing infection by promoting FG production. The findings improve our understanding of flavonoid 7--glucosylation by identifying the key genes, and may help improve the benefits of flavonoid biosynthesis for plants and humans in the future.
PubMed: 38863995
DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae098 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024In individuals with hearing loss, protection of residual hearing is essential following cochlear implantation to facilitate acoustic and electric hearing. Hearing...
In individuals with hearing loss, protection of residual hearing is essential following cochlear implantation to facilitate acoustic and electric hearing. Hearing preservation requires slow insertion, atraumatic electrode and delivery of the optimal quantity of a pharmacological agent. Several studies have reported variable hearing outcomes with osmotic pump-mediated steroid delivery. New drugs, such as sialyllactose (SL) which have anti-inflammatory effect in many body parts, can prevent tissue overgrowth. In the present study, the positive effects of the pharmacological agent SL against insults were evaluated in vitro using HEI-OC1 cells. An animal model to simulate the damage due to electrode insertion during cochlear implantation was used. SL was delivered using osmotic pumps to prevent loss of the residual hearing in this animal model. Hearing deterioration, tissue fibrosis and ossification were confirmed in this animal model. Increased gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines were identified in the cochleae following dummy electrode insertion. Following the administration of SL, insertion led to a decrease in hearing threshold shifts, tissue reactions, and inflammatory markers. These results emphasize the possible role of SL in hearing preservation and improve our understanding of the mechanism underlying hearing loss after cochlear implantation.
Topics: Cochlear Implantation; Animals; Lactose; Hearing Loss; Hearing; Cochlea; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Cell Line; Cytokines; Male; Sialic Acids
PubMed: 38862572
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62344-0 -
Aging Jun 2024The amount of dietary sugars and the administration of lithium both impact the lifespan of the fruit fly . It is noteworthy that lithium is attributed with insulin-like...
The amount of dietary sugars and the administration of lithium both impact the lifespan of the fruit fly . It is noteworthy that lithium is attributed with insulin-like activity as it stimulates protein kinase B/Akt and suppresses the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). However, its interaction with dietary sugar has largely remained unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effects of lithium supplementation on known lithium-sensitive parameters in fruit flies, such as lifespan, body composition, GSK-3 phosphorylation, and the transcriptome, while varying the dietary sugar concentration. For all these parameters, we observed that the efficacy of lithium was significantly influenced by the sucrose content in the diet. Overall, we found that lithium was most effective in enhancing longevity and altering body composition when added to a low-sucrose diet. Whole-body RNA sequencing revealed a remarkably similar transcriptional response when either increasing dietary sucrose from 1% to 10% or adding 1 mM LiCl to a 1% sucrose diet, characterized by a substantial overlap of nearly 500 differentially expressed genes. Hence, dietary sugar supply is suggested as a key factor in understanding lithium bioactivity, which could hold relevance for its therapeutic applications.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; Longevity; Dietary Sucrose; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Lithium; Lithium Chloride; Phosphorylation; Drosophila Proteins
PubMed: 38862239
DOI: 10.18632/aging.205933 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are important prebiotics with function closely related to their structure. However, a comprehensive overview of the structure-function...
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are important prebiotics with function closely related to their structure. However, a comprehensive overview of the structure-function relationship is still limited due to the challenge in characterizing multiple isomers in GOS. This study presents a strategy of combining both hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) retention time and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation pattern to distinguish α/β-linkages and linkage positions of disaccharide isomers in GOS through HILIC-MS/MS analysis. The results indicated that the ratio of m/z 203.0524 to m/z 365.1054 could distinguish α/β-linkages, while the ratios of m/z 347.0947 to m/z 365.1054, m/z 245.0642 to m/z 365.1054 and HILIC retention time could distinguish (1 → 2), (1 → 3), (1 → 4) and (1 → 6) linkages. The above rules enabled effective characterization of disaccharides in GOS-containing food samples, including milk powder, rice flour, drink, yogurt. This method can be used in the quality control of GOS and future research on the structure-specific health effects of GOS.
PubMed: 38861865
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139968 -
Chemistry, An Asian Journal Jun 2024Development of elegant, selective, and efficient strategies for the production of value-added platform chemicals from renewable feedstocks are in high demand to achieve...
Development of elegant, selective, and efficient strategies for the production of value-added platform chemicals from renewable feedstocks are in high demand to achieve the future needs and sustainable goals. In this context, an efficient acid-promoted synthesis of highly valuable hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been demonstrated from glucose, a major constituent of lignocellulosic biomass. The major challenge in the conversion of glucose to HMF is the selective isomerization of glucose to ketose, which in the present work has been successfully addressed through the amine-mediated rearrangement of glucose to aminofructose under Amadori rearrangement. Importantly, subsequent dehydration step affords HMF and regenerates the amine employed in the first step, which could be readily recovered. In addition, scale-up and successful integration in to one-pot synthesis of HMF proves the efficiency and applicability of the present transformation in large scale application. In addition, the method was also successfully extended to other monosaccharides and disaccharides to produce HMF.
PubMed: 38853450
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400392 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Sep 2024The P. heterophylla and its adulterants were identified by HPLC-CAD fingerprint of sucrose and oligosaccharides in P. heterophylla. The improved quantitative analysis of...
Rapid identification and quantification of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with its adulterants by HPLC-CAD fingerprint combined with improved quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS).
The P. heterophylla and its adulterants were identified by HPLC-CAD fingerprint of sucrose and oligosaccharides in P. heterophylla. The improved quantitative analysis of multi-components with a single marker (iQAMS) was further established for simultaneous determinations of sucrose and oligosaccharides in P. heterophylla. The HPLC-CAD fingerprint and similarity coefficients between P. heterophylla and its adulterants showed significant differences. The relative errors (REs) between iQAMS method and external standard method (ESM) were below 3.00%, but significant difference was shown between iQAMS (different marker for whole program with gradient elution) and QAMS (one marker for whole program with gradient elution), indicating that QAMS method should be improved, especially for gradient elution which influence the response of analytes. The accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and stability of this method were validated which exhibited satisfactory results, indicating that iQAMS method could be used for quantitative analysis of sucrose and oligosaccharides in P. heterophylla instead of ESM. The iQAMS combined with HPLC-CAD fingerprint could be used to determine the content of each oligosaccharide, and it can be used for quality control of P. heterophylla.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Reproducibility of Results; Oligosaccharides; Sucrose; Drug Contamination; Quality Control; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38843613
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116205 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024The disaccharide (β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside represents a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of serotype 3. A conjugate of...
The disaccharide (β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside represents a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of serotype 3. A conjugate of the disaccharide with BSA (di-BSA conjugate) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide induced - in contrast to the non-adjuvanted conjugate - IgG1 antibody production and protected mice against serotype 3 infection after intraperitoneal prime-boost immunization. Adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted conjugates induced production of Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα); Th2 (IL-5, IL-13); Th17 (IL-17A), Th1/Th17 (IL-22), and Th2/Th17 cytokines (IL-21) after immunization. The concentration of cytokines in mice sera was higher in response to the adjuvanted conjugate, with the highest level of IL-17A production after the prime and boost immunizations. In contrast, the non-adjuvanted conjugate elicited only weak production of IL-17A, which gradually decreased after the second immunization. After boost immunization of mice with the adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate, there was a significant increase in the number of CD45+/CD19+ B cells, TCR+ γδ T cell, CD5+ В1 cells, and activated cells with MHC II+ expression in the spleens of the mice. IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells play a crucial role in preventing pneumococcal infection, but can also contribute to autoimmune diseases. Immunization with the adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted di-BSA conjugate did not elicit autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA targeting cell nuclei in mice. Thus, the molecular and cellular markers associated with antibody production and protective activity in response to immunization with the di-BSA conjugate adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide are IL-17A, TCR+ γδ T cells, and CD5+ В1 cells against the background of increasing MHC II+ expression.
Topics: Animals; Interleukin-17; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Mice; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumococcal Infections; Disaccharides; Bacterial Capsules; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Female; Antibodies, Bacterial; Intraepithelial Lymphocytes; Serogroup; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
PubMed: 38840926
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388721 -
ACS Synthetic Biology Jun 20243-Fucosyllactose (3-FL) is an important fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) with biological functions such as promoting immunity and brain development....
3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL) is an important fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) with biological functions such as promoting immunity and brain development. Therefore, the construction of microbial cell factories is a promising approach to synthesizing 3-FL from renewable feedstocks. In this study, a combinatorial engineering strategy was used to achieve efficient 3-FL production in . α-1,3-Fucosyltransferase () from was introduced into and optimized to create a 3-FL-producing chassis strain. Subsequently, the 3-FL titer increased to 5.2 g/L by improving the utilization of the precursor lactose and down-regulating the endogenous competitive pathways. Furthermore, a synthetic membraneless organelle system based on intrinsically disordered proteins was designed to spatially regulate the pathway enzymes, producing 7.3 g/L 3-FL. The supply of the cofactors NADPH and GTP was also enhanced, after which the 3-FL titer of engineered strain E26 was improved to 8.2 g/L in a shake flask and 10.8 g/L in a 3 L fermenter. In this study, we developed a valuable approach for constructing an efficient 3-FL-producing cell factory and provided a versatile workflow for other chassis cells and HMOs.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Trisaccharides; Metabolic Engineering; Fucosyltransferases; Lactose; Bacteroides; Fermentation; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 38836566
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00132 -
Glycobiology May 2024Heparan sulfate (HS), a sulfated polysaccharide abundant in the extracellular matrix, plays pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes by...
Heparan sulfate (HS), a sulfated polysaccharide abundant in the extracellular matrix, plays pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes by interacting with proteins. Investigating the binding selectivity of HS oligosaccharides to target proteins is essential, but the exhaustive inclusion of all possible oligosaccharides in microarray experiments is impractical. To address this challenge, we present a hybrid pipeline that integrates microarray and in silico techniques to design oligosaccharides with desired protein affinity. Using fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) as a model protein, we assembled an in-house dataset of HS oligosaccharides on microarrays and developed two structural representations: a standard representation with all atoms explicit and a simplified representation with disaccharide units as "quasi-atoms." Predictive Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for FGF2 affinity were developed using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The resulting models, considering the applicability domain, demonstrated high predictivity, with a correct classification rate of 0.81-0.80 and improved positive predictive values (PPV) up to 0.95. Virtual screening of 40 new oligosaccharides using the simplified model identified 15 computational hits, 11 of which were experimentally validated for high FGF2 affinity. This hybrid approach marks a significant step toward the targeted design of oligosaccharides with desired protein interactions, providing a foundation for broader applications in glycobiology.
Topics: Heparitin Sulfate; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Microarray Analysis; Oligosaccharides; Protein Binding; Humans; Models, Molecular
PubMed: 38836441
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae039