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The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jun 2024Arthrocentesis is an accepted treatment modality for internal derangement. Piroxicam is an NSAID that can be injected into the TMJ.
BACKGROUND
Arthrocentesis is an accepted treatment modality for internal derangement. Piroxicam is an NSAID that can be injected into the TMJ.
PURPOSE
The primary objective of this study was to improve mouth opening, and the secondary objective was to decrease TMD-associated pain.
METHODS
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed on patients suffering from anterior disk displacement with reduction. Patients were divided into 2 groups: a study in which patients underwent arthrocentesis followed by an injection of 20 mg of piroxicam. Independent and paired sample t-tests were used to assess mouth opening. The χ2 test was used to assess the pain data; the P value was fixed at 0.05.
RESULTS
Twenty female patients were included in the current study. To ensure that covariables did not affect the study results, an intergroup assessment using Student's t-test for unassisted mouth opening without pain preoperatively showed that the maximum unassisted opening without pain was 20.8±3.9 mm in the control group, and the average maximum unassisted opening without pain was 19.7±1.1 mm in the case study group. The unassisted mouth opening in the control group was 30.9±3.4 mm and 31.8±3.6 mm, respectively, and there was no significant difference (P=0.6, 95% CI: -2.5 to 4.32). There was no significant difference in pain between the study and control groups (P=0.3).
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Based on the results of the present study, arthrocentesis using piroxicam does not have any benefit over conventional arthrocentesis.
PubMed: 38940572
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000010447 -
Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Apr 2024Body stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare and severe congenital malformation in which the exact pathophysiology is still unknown. The possible causes of body stalk anomaly...
INTRODUCTION
Body stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare and severe congenital malformation in which the exact pathophysiology is still unknown. The possible causes of body stalk anomaly include early amnion rupture with direct mechanical pressure and amniotic bands, vascular disruption of the early embryo, or an abnormality in the germinal disk.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of sonologically delayed diagnosis of BSA which was confirmed post-delivery following histopathological examination and we reviewed relevant literature regarding this phenomenon. Sonographic features of the foetus included a wide anterior abdominal wall defect (omphalocele) with protrusion of the liver into the amniotic cavity. The umbilical arteries show normal calibre, flow, velocimetry, and spectral waveform.
CONCLUSION
Body stalk anomaly is accepted as a fatal anomaly, so it is important to differentiate it from other anterior abdominal wall defects prenatally and this could guide the management options.
PubMed: 38939879
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effect of discoloration of nanohybrid composite by four different phytopigments.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effect of discoloration of nanohybrid composite by four different phytopigments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty disk-shaped samples of nanohybrid (3M Filtek Z350) resin composites were prepared using an acrylic template of dimension 5 mm × 3 mm. They were randomly divided into five groups and immersed in solutions of tomato powder, beetroot powder, java plum powder, and turmeric powder. Distilled water was used as the control group. The samples were placed in respective solutions for 3 h daily and stored in artificial saliva for the rest of the day for 28 days. Color values (L*, a*, b*) were measured by colorimeter using the CIE L*a*b* system at the end of the 7 and 28 days of immersion. Color differences ΔE*ab were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
All the samples showed a change in color of nanohybrid composite resin to varying degrees. The mean ΔE*ab value obtained with beetroot solution was the highest among all the groups at the end of the 7 and 28 days, depicting that beetroot solution showed maximum mean color variation, followed by java plum solution, turmeric solution, and tomato solution.
CONCLUSION
All the phytopigments used in this study have the potential to discolor the nanohybrid composite resin, with beetroot causing the most severe discoloration.
PubMed: 38939539
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_169_24 -
JACS Au Jun 2024Spirals are common in nature; however, they are rarely observed in polymer self-assembly systems, and the formation mechanism is not well understood. Herein, we report...
Spirals are common in nature; however, they are rarely observed in polymer self-assembly systems, and the formation mechanism is not well understood. Herein, we report the formation of two-dimensional (2D) spiral patterns via microdisk substrate-mediated solution self-assembly of polypeptide-based rod-coil block copolymers. The spiral pattern consists of multiple strands assembled from the block copolymers, and two central points are observed. The spirals fit well with the Archimedean spiral model, and their chirality is dependent on the chirality of the polypeptide blocks. As revealed by a combination of experiments and theoretical simulations, these spirals are induced by an interplay of the parallel ordering tendency of the strands and circular confinement of the microdisks. This work presents the first example regarding substrate-mediated self-assembly of block copolymers into spirals. The gained information could not only enhance our understanding of natural spirals but also assist in both the controllable preparations and applications of spiral nanostructures.
PubMed: 38938804
DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00324 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis yeasts to...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis yeasts to disk-shaped resin materials produced from resin which used in the production of surgical guide with 0, 45 and 90-degrees printing orientations by Liquid Crystal Display additive manufacturing technology.
METHODS
Disk-shaped specimens were printed with surgical guide resin using the Liquid Crystal Display production technique in 3 printing orientations (0, 45 and 90-degrees). Surface roughness and contact angle values were evaluated. Real-Time PCR analysis was performed to evaluate Candida adhesion (C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis) Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of the materials were obtained.
RESULTS
Specimens oriented at 45-degrees demonstrated higher surface roughness (P < .05) and lower contact angle values than other groups. No significant difference was found in the adhesion of C. glabrata, C. albicans, and C. parapsilosis among specimens printed at 0, 45, and 90-degrees orientations (P > .05). A higher proportion of C. krusei and C. tropicalis was found in the specimens printed at orientation degrees of 45 = 90 < 0 with statistical significance. Analyzing the adhesion of all Candida species reveals no statistical disparity among the printing orientations.
CONCLUSIONS
The surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesion of certain Candida species are affected by printing orientations. Hence, careful consideration of the printing orientation is crucial for fabricating products with desirable properties. In 45-degree production, roughness increases due to the layered production forming steps, whereas in 0-degree production, certain Candida species exhibit high adhesion due to the formation of porous structures. Consequently, considering these factors, it is advisable to opt for production at 90-degrees, while also considering other anticipated characteristics.
Topics: Surface Properties; Candida; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Candida glabrata; Candida tropicalis; Candida parapsilosis; Humans; Candida albicans; Materials Testing; Cell Adhesion; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Resins, Synthetic; Wettability
PubMed: 38937749
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04505-1 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024When particles are deposited at a fluid interface they tend to aggregate by capillary attraction to minimize the overall potential energy of the system. In this work, we...
When particles are deposited at a fluid interface they tend to aggregate by capillary attraction to minimize the overall potential energy of the system. In this work, we embed floating millimetric disks with permanent magnets to introduce a competing repulsion effect and study their pattern formation in equilibrium. The pairwise energy landscape of two disks is described by a short-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) interaction potential, previously documented in a number of microscopic condensed matter systems. Such competing interactions enable a variety of pairwise equilibrium states, including the possibility of a local minimum energy corresponding to a finite disk spacing. Two-dimensional (2D) experiments and simulations in confined geometries demonstrate that as the areal packing fraction is increased, the dilute repulsion-dominated lattice state becomes unstable to the spontaneous formation of localized clusters, which eventually merge into a system-spanning striped pattern. Finally, we demonstrate that the equilibrium pattern can be externally manipulated by the application of a supplemental vertical magnetic force that remotely enhances the effective capillary attraction.
PubMed: 38937449
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49754-4 -
Metallomics : Integrated Biometal... Jun 2024Bacterial biofilms are associated with antibiotic resistance and account for approximately 80% of all bacterial infections. In this study, we explored novel...
Bacterial biofilms are associated with antibiotic resistance and account for approximately 80% of all bacterial infections. In this study, we explored novel nanomaterials for combating bacteria and their biofilms. Artemisinin nano-copper (ANC) was synthesised using a green synthesis strategy, and its shape, size, structure, elemental composition, chemical valence, zeta potential, and conductivity were characterised using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed that ANC was successfully synthesised utilizing a liquid-phase chemical reduction method using chitosan as a modified protectant and l-ascorbic acid as a green reducing agent. The stability of ANC was evaluated using DLS. The results showed that the particle size of the ANC at different concentrations was comparable to that of the original solution after 7 days of storage, and there was no significant change in PDI (P > 0.05). The antibacterial effects of ANC on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were determined by Disk diffusion and broth dilution methods. The results demonstrated that ANC inhibited and killed E. coli and S. aureus. The effect of ANC on bacterial biofilms was investigated using Crystal Violet staining, scanning electron microscopy, laser confocal microscope, and quantitative PCR. The results showed that ANC treatment was able to destroy bacterial biofilms and downregulate biofilm- and virulence-related genes in E. coli (HlyA, gyrA, and F17) and S. aureus (cna, PVL, ClfA, and femB). Green-synthesised ANC possesses excellent anti-biofilm properties and is expected to exhibit antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties.
PubMed: 38936831
DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae030 -
Medical Physics Jun 2024Combining the sharp dose fall off feature of beta-emitting Ru/Rh radionuclide with larger penetration depth feature of photon-emittingI radionuclide in a bi-radionuclide...
BACKGROUND
Combining the sharp dose fall off feature of beta-emitting Ru/Rh radionuclide with larger penetration depth feature of photon-emittingI radionuclide in a bi-radionuclide plaque, prescribed dose to the tumor apex can be delivered while maintaining the tumor dose uniformity and sparing the organs at risk. The potential advantages of bi-radionuclide plaque could be of interest in context of ocular brachytherapy.
PURPOSE
The aim of the study is to evaluate the dosimetric advantages of a proposed bi-radionuclide plaque for two different designs, consisting of indigenous I seeds and Ru/Rh plaque, using Monte Carlo technique. The study also explores the influence of other commercial I seed models and presence or absence of silastic/acrylic seed carrier on the calculated dose distributions. The study further included the calculation of depth dose distributions for the bi-radionuclide eye plaque for which experimental data are available.
METHODS
The proposed bi-radionuclide plaque consists of a 1.2-mm-thick silver (Ag) spherical shell with radius of curvature of 12.5 mm, 20 µm-thick-Ru/Rh encapsulated between 0.2 mm Ag disk, and a 0.1-mm-thick Ag window, and water-equivalent gel containing 12 symmetrically arranged I seeds. Two bi-radionuclide plaque models investigated in the present study are designated as Design I and Design II. In Design I, I seeds are placed on the top of the plaque, while in Design II Ru/Rh source is positioned on the top of the plaque. In Monte Carlo calculations, the plaque is positioned in a spherical water phantom of 30 cm diameter.
RESULTS
The proposed bi-radionuclide eye plaque demonstrated superior dose distributions as compared to I or Ru plaque for tumor thicknesses ranges from 5 to 10 mm. Amongst the designs, dose at a given voxel for Design I is higher as compared to the corresponding voxel dose for Design II. This difference is attributed to the higher degree of attenuation of I photons in Ag as compared to beta particles. Influence of different I seed models on the normalized lateral dose profiles of Design I (in the absence of carrier) is negligible and within 5% on the central axis depth dose distribution as compared to the corresponding values of the plaque that has indigenous I seeds. In the presence of a silastic/acrylic seed carrier, the normalized central axis dose distributions of Design I are smaller by 3%-12% as compared to the corresponding values in the absence of a seed carrier. For the published bi-radionuclide plaque model, good agreement is observed between the Monte Carlo-calculated and published measured depth dose distributions for clinically relevant depths.
CONCLUSION
Regardless of the type of I seed model utilized and whether silastic/acrylic seed carrier is present or not, Design I bi-radionuclide plaque offers superior dose distributions in terms of tumor dose uniformity, rapid dose fall off and lesser dose to nearby critical organs at risk over the Design II plaque. This shows that Design I bi-radionuclide plaque could be a promising alternative to I plaque for treatment of tumor sizes in the range 5 to 10 mm.
PubMed: 38935327
DOI: 10.1002/mp.17257 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2024The Human Connectome Project (HCP) has become a keystone dataset in human neuroscience, with a plethora of important applications in advancing brain imaging methods and...
INTRODUCTION
The Human Connectome Project (HCP) has become a keystone dataset in human neuroscience, with a plethora of important applications in advancing brain imaging methods and an understanding of the human brain. We focused on tractometry of HCP diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) data.
METHODS
We used an open-source software library (pyAFQ; https://yeatmanlab.github.io/pyAFQ) to perform probabilistic tractography and delineate the major white matter pathways in the HCP subjects that have a complete dMRI acquisition ( = 1,041). We used diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to model white matter microstructure in each voxel of the white matter, and extracted tract profiles of DKI-derived tissue properties along the length of the tracts. We explored the empirical properties of the data: first, we assessed the heritability of DKI tissue properties using the known genetic linkage of the large number of twin pairs sampled in HCP. Second, we tested the ability of tractometry to serve as the basis for predictive models of individual characteristics (e.g., age, crystallized/fluid intelligence, reading ability, etc.), compared to local connectome features. To facilitate the exploration of the dataset we created a new web-based visualization tool and use this tool to visualize the data in the HCP tractometry dataset. Finally, we used the HCP dataset as a test-bed for a new technological innovation: the TRX file-format for representation of dMRI-based streamlines.
RESULTS
We released the processing outputs and tract profiles as a publicly available data resource through the AWS Open Data program's Open Neurodata repository. We found heritability as high as 0.9 for DKI-based metrics in some brain pathways. We also found that tractometry extracts as much useful information about individual differences as the local connectome method. We released a new web-based visualization tool for tractometry-"Tractoscope" (https://nrdg.github.io/tractoscope). We found that the TRX files require considerably less disk space-a crucial attribute for large datasets like HCP. In addition, TRX incorporates a specification for grouping streamlines, further simplifying tractometry analysis.
PubMed: 38933816
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1389680 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024A spayed, 8-year-old female Poodle, weighing 5.7 kg, was presented with the chief complaint of vision impairment. Vision assessment, including pupillary light...
Case report: Unilateral papilledema in a dog with a large suprasellar mass and suspected intracranial hypertension: insights from funduscopy, optical coherence tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
A spayed, 8-year-old female Poodle, weighing 5.7 kg, was presented with the chief complaint of vision impairment. Vision assessment, including pupillary light reflexes, menace response, dazzle reflex, and maze navigation in photopic and scotopic circumstances, revealed a negative response in both eyes except for positive direct pupillary light reflex in the right eye and positive consensual pupillary light reflex from the right eye to the left eye. Systemic evaluation, including neurologic status, blood profile, and thoracic radiographs, did not reveal any abnormalities. Complete ophthalmic examinations, ocular ultrasonography, and electroretinography did not identify a cause of blindness. Upon funduscopy, the left eye exhibited an increased optic disk diameter, blurred optic disk borders, and loss of the physiologic pit, as well as an increase in vascular tortuosity. In the right eye, there were multifocal depigmented areas in the non-tapetal fundus and several pigmented spots surrounded by a region of dull tapetal reflection in the tapetal fundus. The optical coherence tomography revealed severe anterior deformation of the optic nerve head and Bruch's membrane in the peripapillary region of the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an irregular, broad-based suprasellar mass, with features suggestive of intracranial hypertension, including dorsal displacement of third ventricles, a rightward shift of the falx cerebri, -tentorial herniation, perilesional edema, flattening/protrusion of the posterior sclera, and lager optic nerve sheath diameter in left side than right side. This is the first comprehensive report that describes unilateral papilledema in a dog with a brain tumor, using advanced ophthalmic and neuro-imaging modalities.
PubMed: 38933701
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372802