-
Neurocritical Care Jun 2024Gerstmann syndrome, characterized by a tetrad of symptoms, which are agraphia, acalculia, left-right disorientation, and finger agnosia, presents challenges in both...
Gerstmann syndrome, characterized by a tetrad of symptoms, which are agraphia, acalculia, left-right disorientation, and finger agnosia, presents challenges in both understanding its pathophysiology and establishing effective treatment modalities. Neuroanatomical studies have highlighted the involvement of the dominant parietal lobe, particularly the inferior parietal lobule, in the development of Gerstmann syndrome. Although current treatment options are largely supportive, recent research suggests a potential role for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in managing this condition. DBS, known for its efficacy in various neurological disorders, has been hypothesized to modulate neuronal pathways associated with Gerstmann syndrome. However, clinical evidence supporting DBS in Gerstmann syndrome remains scarce, posing challenges in patient selection and ethical considerations. Future research should prioritize investigating the efficacy and safety of DBS in Gerstmann syndrome to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
PubMed: 38914905
DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-02013-2 -
Cureus May 2024In right-handed individuals, aphasia resulting from right hemisphere damage is termed crossed aphasia and has a very low occurrence rate. Additionally, aphasia due to...
In right-handed individuals, aphasia resulting from right hemisphere damage is termed crossed aphasia and has a very low occurrence rate. Additionally, aphasia due to thalamic lesions often involves hemorrhage, with infarction cases less frequently reported. We present the case of an 81-year-old right-handed female who developed aphasia due to a right thalamic infarction. She exhibited characteristics typical of thalamic aphasia observed in left thalamic lesions. Furthermore, jargon agraphia manifested during writing tasks. This may suggest disinhibition of the left hemisphere writing motor memory by the right hemisphere language function.
PubMed: 38903355
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60637 -
Data in Brief Jun 2024This report presents a dataset of offline handwriting samples among Malaysian schoolchildren with potential dysgraphia. The images contained Malay sentences written by...
This report presents a dataset of offline handwriting samples among Malaysian schoolchildren with potential dysgraphia. The images contained Malay sentences written by primary school students and children under intervention by the Malaysia Dyslexia Association (PDM). Students were expected to copy and write the sentences provided on the paper form that was used to gather data. Students were required to write three sets of sentences. The paper was digitalized by scanning it and converting it into digital form. Furthermore, the images were pre-processed using image processing techniques by converting the images into binary format and interchanging the foreground and background colors. The images were then classified into two categories, namely potential dysgraphia and low potential dysgraphia. The dataset comprised a total of 249 handwriting images, obtained from a sample of 83 participants who were selected in the data collection process, with 114 for potential dysgraphia and 135 for low potential dysgraphia. Both categories of handwriting images were prepared in black and white images.
PubMed: 38868380
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110534 -
"Intelligent tutoring effects on induced emotions and cognitive load of learning-disabled learners".Disability and Rehabilitation.... May 2024This study addresses the learning requirements of learners with learning difficulties by monitoring their learning experience in an Intelligent Tutoring System....
PURPOSE
This study addresses the learning requirements of learners with learning difficulties by monitoring their learning experience in an Intelligent Tutoring System. Intelligent Tutoring Systems were developed to enrich the teaching-learning process.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present work, the interface is designed and developed utilizing the potential of Artificial Intelligence to meet their individual needs. Designing an online learning platform for a learners with learning difficulties requires consideration of their learning problems and preferences. The interface was developed focusing on all the requirements of the LD learners. The objective of the present study is to monitor the learning experience in the form of induced emotions and cognitive load of the learners to determine the impact of learning.
RESULTS
83 learners were observed during various stage of learning. The results obtained through the Support Vector machine (SVM) classification technique showed the positive attitude towards intelligent tutoring. The analysis revealed that a total of 0.23% of learners were positively induced. Their learning experience was positive and effective. The cognition load on learners was minimum with single-mode instruction and least disturbed.
CONCLUSIONS
The system was improved based on preference feedback on design features. This helps in improving content design and creating device independent and responsive visual design. The fatigue effect analysis on cognitive load implied that multiple modes of instruction increased drowsiness. Single mode of instruction have a positive impact on the learning process and it reduces the cognitive load of the learners.Implications for RehabilitationThe user interface designed and developed for learners with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia has learning disabled-friendly features. These can be used to create a device-independent and responsive design.Learning experience is monitored along with the impact on cognitive load of the learners.The research helps in understanding the stimulation and response of learners with learning disability for different learning conditions.Most existing learning systems are limited to non-learning-disabled learners. The ITS developed during research presents a Universal learning design helpful for all learners with and without learning disability.
PubMed: 38808670
DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2357685 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies has brought substantial improvement in clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B... (Review)
Review
Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies has brought substantial improvement in clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell neoplasms. However, complications such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) limit the therapeutic efficacy of this treatment approach. ICANS can have a broad range of clinical manifestations, while various scoring systems have been developed for its grading. Cognitive decline is prevalent in CAR-T therapy recipients including impaired attention, difficulty in item naming, and writing, agraphia, and executive dysfunction. In this review, we aim to present the diagnostic methods and tests that have been used for the recognition of cognitive impairment in these patients. Moreover, up-to-date data about the duration of cognitive impairment symptoms after the infusion are presented. More research on the risk factors, pathogenesis, preventive measures, and therapy of neurocognitive impairment is crucial for better outcomes for our patients.
PubMed: 38794161
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050591 -
Neurocase Feb 2024We report a patient with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia who developed agraphia, irritability, perseverative and stereotyped behavior, and dietary changes....
We report a patient with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia who developed agraphia, irritability, perseverative and stereotyped behavior, and dietary changes. MRI revealed bilateral frontal convexity atrophy. Neuropsychological examination showed fluent aphasia with perseverative allographic agraphia, mild semantic impairment, and dysexecutive syndrome. Allographic agraphia featured unidirectional conversion from (cursive form of Japanese phonograms) and (Japanese morphograms) to (square form of Japanese phonograms), as opposed to mutual (bidirectional) conversion between and in parieto-occipital gyri lesions. Furthermore, all letters of the word were converted and this whole-word conversion may be characteristic of perseverative behavior in frontotemporal dementia.
Topics: Humans; Frontotemporal Dementia; Agraphia; Male; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Frontal Lobe; Atrophy
PubMed: 38752838
DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2353936 -
Cureus Apr 2024Alexia without agraphia is a striking vascular syndrome of the acquired inability to read words just written down. This syndrome occurs after lesions in the splenium of...
Alexia without agraphia is a striking vascular syndrome of the acquired inability to read words just written down. This syndrome occurs after lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum that disconnect the angular gyrus from the visual pathway. Most of the time, a lesion in the left occipital lobe is also present, and patients present with a visual field deficit. It is a classic neurological syndrome that is rarely seen. We present two cases of alexia without agraphia seen in our hospital the same week.
PubMed: 38752100
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58309 -
Games For Health Journal Jun 2024Upper limb (UL) motor dysfunctions impact residual movement in hands/shoulders and limit participation in play, sports, and leisure activities. Clinical and laboratory... (Review)
Review
Upper limb (UL) motor dysfunctions impact residual movement in hands/shoulders and limit participation in play, sports, and leisure activities. Clinical and laboratory assessments of UL movement can be time-intensive, subjective, and/or require specialized equipment and may not optimally capture a child's motor abilities. The restrictions to in-person research experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic have inspired investigators to design inclusive at-home studies with child participants and their families. Relying on the ubiquity of mobile devices, mobile health (mHealth) applications offer solutions for various clinical and research problems. This scoping review article aimed to aggregate and synthesize existing research that used health technology and mHealth approaches to evaluate and assess the hand function and UL movement in children with UL motor impairment. A scoping review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) model was conducted in March 2023 yielding 25 articles (0.32% of 7891 studies). Assessment characteristics included game or task-based tests (13/25, 52%), primarily for neurological disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder [ASD], dystonia, dysgraphia) or children with cerebral palsy (CP). Although several mHealth studies were conducted in the clinical environment (10/25, 40%), studies conducted at home or in nonclinical settings (15/25, 60%) reported acceptable and highly satisfactory to the patients as minimizing the potential risks in participation. Moreover, the remaining barriers to clinical translation included object manipulation on a touch screen, offline data analysis, real-world usability, and age-appropriate application design for the wider population. However, the results emphasize the exploration of mHealth over traditional approaches, enabling user-centered study design, family-oriented methods, and large-scale sampling in future research.
Topics: Humans; Upper Extremity; Child; Telemedicine; COVID-19; Cerebral Palsy; Mobile Applications; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38700552
DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2023.0224 -
Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2024This is the case report of a woman who started to write and read from right to left after anterior cerebral artery stroke, affecting the left supplementary motor area....
This is the case report of a woman who started to write and read from right to left after anterior cerebral artery stroke, affecting the left supplementary motor area. No cases were found in the literature with exactly the same characteristics. She has been able to read and write faster after rehabilitation approach at Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, in the Belo Horizonte city unit, Brazil, despite the maintenance of the inversion. She returned to her previous activities in an adaptive way. It was discussed how the dysfunction in this cerebral area and its connections may disturb the reading strategy and direction.
PubMed: 38628560
DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2023-0044