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United European Gastroenterology Journal May 2024
PubMed: 38757860
DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12588 -
Arab Journal of Gastroenterology : the... May 2024The integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine holds promise for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, which are influenced by intestinal...
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS
The integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine holds promise for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, which are influenced by intestinal microbiota and metabolites. This study reports a possible mechanism for the combination of Simo Decoction and Golden Bifid in functional dyspepsia (FD) by regulating intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A mouse model of food stagnation was constructed and treated with Simo Decoction combined with different concentrations of Golden Bifid. Meta-genomics sequencing was conducted to analyze the cecum contents of the mice. Following analyses of the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to measure SCFAs in the colonic content of mice. Finally, ELISA was utilized to determine the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the duodenal mucosa of mice and the infiltration of eosinophils in the duodenum was observed by immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS
Combination of Simo Decoction and Golden Bifid more significantly alleviated dyspepsia in mice with food stagnation compared with Simo Decoction alone. The optimal ratio of combined treatment was 0.0075 mL/g (body weight) Simo Decoction and 0.0032 mg/g (body weight) Golden Bifid. The combined treatment increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in the intestine. The levels of SCFAs in the colonic contents of mice were increased after the combined treatment, contributing to diminished pro-inflammatory factors in the duodenal mucosa and reduced eosinophil infiltration.
CONCLUSION
Combination of Simo Decoction and Golden Bifid increases the abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium and promotes the production of SCFAs, which is instrumental for alleviation of FD.
PubMed: 38755047
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.12.009 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Jul 2024The gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in children with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome/joint hypermobility syndrome (hEDS/JHS) are not well described. We...
The gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in children with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome/joint hypermobility syndrome (hEDS/JHS) are not well described. We investigated the prevalence of GI disorders in children and young adults with hEDS/JHS through a single-center retrospective review. Demographic data, clinical history, symptoms, and diagnostic studies were reviewed. Of 435 patients with hEDS/JHS, 66% were females (age 5-28 years). We noted a high prevalence of constipation (61%), dysphagia (32%), dyspepsia and/or gastroparesis (25%), eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) (21%), and celiac disease (4%) in our cohort. Upper endoscopy and gastric emptying scans had the highest yield to detect abnormalities. Motility studies were abnormal in 31% of the 80 patients who underwent them. Dysphagia symptoms are significantly associated with EoE. Thirty-three percent of dysphagia patients had EoE, versus 16% of non-dysphagia patients (p < 0.001). Screening hEDS/JHS patients for GI issues should be routine, with further investigations and referrals guided by identified symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Male; Child; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; Adult; Child, Preschool; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Joint Instability; Deglutition Disorders; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Constipation; Celiac Disease; Dyspepsia
PubMed: 38747032
DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12245 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024STW 5, a blend of nine medicinal plant extracts, exhibits promising efficacy in treating functional gastrointestinal disorders, notably irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)....
UNLABELLED
STW 5, a blend of nine medicinal plant extracts, exhibits promising efficacy in treating functional gastrointestinal disorders, notably irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nonetheless, its effects on the gastrointestinal microbiome and the role of microbiota on the conversion of its constituents are still largely unexplored. This study employed an experimental model to investigate STW 5's differential effects on fecal microbial communities and metabolite production in samples from individuals with and without IBS. Using 560 fecal microcosms (IBS patients, = 6; healthy controls, = 10), we evaluated the influence of pre-digested STW 5 and controls on microbial and metabolite composition at time points 0, 0.5, 4, and 24 h. Our findings demonstrate the potential of this platform to analyze herbal medicine turnover within 4 h with minimal microbiome shifts due to abiotic factors. While only minor taxonomic disparities were noted between IBS- and non-IBS samples and upon treatment with STW 5, rapid metabolic turnover of STW 5 components into specific degradation products, such as 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, davidigenin, herniarin, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, and 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid occurred. For davidigenin, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, or spasmolytic activities have been previously described. Notably, the microbiome-driven metabolic transformation did not induce a global microbiome shift, and the detected metabolites were minimally linked to specific taxa. Observed biotransformations were independent of IBS diagnosis, suggesting potential benefits for IBS patients from biotransformation products of STW 5.
IMPORTANCE
STW 5 is an herbal medicinal product with proven clinical efficacy in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders, like functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The effects of STW 5 on fecal microbial communities and metabolite production effects have been studied in an experimental model with fecal samples from individuals with and without IBS. While only minor taxonomic disparities were noted between IBS- and non-IBS samples and upon treatment with STW 5, rapid metabolic turnover of STW 5 components into specific degradation products with reported anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, or spasmolytic activities was observed, which may be relevant for the pharmacological activity of STW 5.
Topics: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Feces; Biotransformation; Adult; Plant Extracts; Male; Female; Bacteria; Middle Aged; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 38738925
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04031-23 -
Clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodyspepsia syndrome using intelligent medicine.Open Life Sciences 2024Against the backdrop of rapid social economy and scientific and technological development, intelligent medical technology expanded based on the Internet plays a crucial...
Against the backdrop of rapid social economy and scientific and technological development, intelligent medical technology expanded based on the Internet plays a crucial role in the innovation and development of the modern medical industry. Intelligent medical technology has completely changed the fixed medical methods of the past, and it can solve the isolated defects between various unit systems, greatly improving the overall informatization level of hospitals. This article analyzed the clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodyspepsia syndrome (NDS) in intelligent medicine. Dyspepsia can cause palpitations, vomiting, abdominal distension, dizziness, and other symptoms so that it can cause discomfort and pain in the middle or around the epigastric region. Therefore, it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis of neurodyspepsia in order to reduce the discomfort of patients. Intelligent medical technology is of great significance in improving patients' symptoms. This study sets up a control group and an experimental group for the experiment. The control group used conventional medication technology, while the experimental group used intelligent medical technology to analyze the patient samples taken. By comparing the factors that affect patients with NDS, it was found that the physical function score of the experimental group was 6.3% lower than that of the control group. Intelligent medical technology has high diagnostic efficiency and can achieve rapid diagnosis of NDS, meeting the clinical diagnosis and prevention requirements of NDS.
PubMed: 38737103
DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0802 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Aug 2024Amomum tsaoko (AT) is commonly used in clinical practice to treat abdominal distension and pain. It is also a seasoning for cooking, with the functions of appetizing,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Amomum tsaoko (AT) is commonly used in clinical practice to treat abdominal distension and pain. It is also a seasoning for cooking, with the functions of appetizing, invigorating the spleen, and being digestive-promoting. Amomum tsaoko (AT) has three adulterants, Amomum paratsaoko (AP), Amomum koenigii (AK), and Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, because of the confusion in historical classics regarding recorded sources as well as the near geographic distribution and fruit morphological similarities. In this study, we established a functional dyspepsia (FD) rat model and then treated it with the corresponding medicinal solutions AT, AP, AK, and AKH. The gastric emptying rate, intestinal propulsion rate, serum biochemical indicators, histopathological changes, and fecal metabolism were measured. The efficacy and mechanism of AT, AP, AK, and AKH in the treatment of FD were compared. Fecal metabolomics revealed that 20 potential biomarkers were involved in seven significant metabolic pathways in FD rats. These pathways include ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. AP regulates 6 metabolic pathways, 5 metabolic pathways affected by AT, 4 metabolic pathways affected by AK, and 2 metabolic pathways affected by AKH.The above results suggest that the different effects of AT, AP, AK, and AKH on FD rats may be due to their different regulatory effects on the metabolome.
Topics: Animals; Metabolomics; Rats; Amomum; Dyspepsia; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Feces; Biomarkers; Gastric Emptying; Disease Models, Animal; Plant Extracts; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38735210
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116208 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Sep 2024In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Yigong San (YGS) is mainly used to treat dyspepsia caused by deficiency of spleen and stomach qi. Although the chemical...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Yigong San (YGS) is mainly used to treat dyspepsia caused by deficiency of spleen and stomach qi. Although the chemical composition and bioactivity of YGS has been well studied, the main in vivo compounds and their distribution in tissues still need to be made clearer.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue distribution of eight main compounds of YGS in rats, and provide a reference for clinical application and new drug development.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS was used to qualitatively characterize the parent compounds and their metabolites in the plasma of rats after oral administration of YGS. A sensitive, reliable, and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method using UPLC-AB Sciex QTRAP 5500 MS was established to quantitatively determine eight main compounds of YGS in rat plasma and tissues, including liquiritin, isoliquiritin, hesperidin, ginsenosides Rb, Re and Rg, atractylenolides I and II.
RESULTS
The mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of ginsenoside Rb, hesperidin, and liquiritin at low, medium, and high doses were greater than 150 ng h/mL. The elimination half-life (t) values of ginsenoside Rb, atractylenolides I and II (low and medium doses) were longer than 10 h. Peak time (T) values of all compounds were shorter than 10 h. Except for atractylenolides, the maximum concentration (C) values of the compounds were greater than 10 ng/mL. The eight compounds were detected in the heart, brain, liver, spleen and kidney at 0.25 h after oral administration. Liquiritin and isoliquiritin had higher exposure in the liver and heart. Hesperidin and ginsenosides Rb, Re, and Rg are mainly distributed in the spleen and kidney. Atractylenolides I and II are mainly distributed in spleen, liver and kidney.
CONCLUSIONS
All main compounds of YGS, i.e., liquiritin, isoliquiritin, hesperidin, ginsenosides Rb, Re, and Rg, and atractylenolides I and II are absorbed into plasma and widely distributed in various tissues. Among them, hesperidin, ginsenoside Rb, and atractylenolide I are main in vivo compounds. They are mainly distributed in spleen, liver and kidney. The results of this study provide a basis for further in-depth development and application of YGS.
Topics: Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Rats; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Administration, Oral; Area Under Curve
PubMed: 38729539
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118299 -
Gut Microbes 2024Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of...
Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of dietary variables relevant to microbial metabolism, however current dietary assessment methods focus on dietary components relevant to human digestion only. The aim of this study was to synthesize research on foods and nutrients that influence human gut microbiota and thereby identify knowledge gaps to inform dietary assessment advancements toward better understanding of diet-microbiota interactions. Thirty-eight systematic reviews and 106 primary studies reported on human diet-microbiota associations. Dietary factors altering colonic microbiota included dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food additives. Reported diet-microbiota associations were dominated by routinely analyzed nutrients, which are absorbed from the small intestine but analyzed for correlation to stool microbiota. Dietary derived microbiota-relevant nutrients are more challenging to quantify and underrepresented in included studies. This evidence synthesis highlights advancements needed, including opportunities for expansion of food composition databases to include microbiota-relevant data, particularly for human intervention studies. These advances in dietary assessment methodology will facilitate translation of microbiota-specific nutrition therapy to practice.
Topics: Humans; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Nutrients
PubMed: 38725230
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350785 -
Nephron May 2024Presence of subclinical intestinal inflammation has repeatedly been shown in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and the degree of histological inflammation has correlated with...
INTRODUCTION
Presence of subclinical intestinal inflammation has repeatedly been shown in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and the degree of histological inflammation has correlated with abnormal urinary findings. There is lack of noninvasive biomarkers evaluating the presence of subclinical intestinal damage in IgAN. We conducted this study hypothesizing that selected biomarkers regarded as indirect markers of intestinal damage could be elevated in IgAN.
METHODS
Eighty-five primary IgAN patients (median age 55 years, 54% men) participated in this single-center study in Tampere, Finland. None had end-stage kidney disease or previously diagnosed enteropathies. Celiac disease was excluded with serum transglutaminase 2 antibody (TG2Ab) and endomysial antibody tests and inflammatory bowel disease with fecal calprotectin. Intestinal damage was evaluated from sera with analyses of intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP), soluble cluster of differentiation molecule 14 (sCD14), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Fourteen people suffering from dyspepsia and 15 healthy people served as controls.
RESULTS
I-FABP levels among IgAN patients were higher than in the healthy controls (median 830 pg/mL vs. 289 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Also, sCD14 was increased in IgAN patients compared to dyspepsia controls. Although TG2Ab levels were within the normal range among IgAN patients, they were higher than in the healthy controls (median 1.3 U/mL vs. 0.6 U/mL, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated serum levels of I-FABP were present in primary IgAN patients without known enteropathies. Serum I-FABP may indicate the presence of subclinical intestinal damage. These findings encourage further investigation into the role of the intestine in the pathophysiology of IgAN.
PubMed: 38723612
DOI: 10.1159/000538242 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Jul 2024
PubMed: 38720558
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14816