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Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics... Feb 2024This study aimed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for calving ease (CE) and their genetic correlations with growth, reproductive, carcass, and...
This study aimed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for calving ease (CE) and their genetic correlations with growth, reproductive, carcass, and feed efficiency traits in Nellore cattle. Phenotypes for CE are scored in two categories: normal calving and assisted calving. The traits considered were probability of precocious calving, age at first calving, stayability, adjusted scrotal circumference at 365 days of age, accumulated cow productivity, age at puberty of males, gestation length, birth weight, adjusted weights at 210 and 450 days of age, adult cow weight, frame score, hip height, rib eye area, subcutaneous backfat thickness, rump fat thickness, intramuscular fat percentage, residual feed intake and dry matter intake. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed using a two-trait threshold-linear animal model, except for CE, stayability, and probability of precocious calving, which were evaluated through a two-trait threshold animal model. The direct (0.27) and maternal (0.19) heritability estimates for CE in heifers primiparous Nellore indicated that selecting for this trait is feasible. The selection to improve the female sexual precocity should consider CE during the selection and mating decisions to reduce calving problems. Genetic correlation estimates between CE and BW suggest that selecting low birth weight to reduce calving problems is not an appropriate strategy to improve calving ease in heifers Nellore. Therefore, adopting a multi-trait selection model with CE and BW in the Nellore breed would reduce calving difficulties, particularly in sexually precocious heifers, without impairing the growth, reproductive, feed efficiency conversion, and carcass indicator traits.
PubMed: 38334211
DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12851 -
Veterinary World Dec 2023Mineral deficiencies can lead to dystocia and abnormalities in neonates. Stillbirth of neonatal calves in dairy cows due to dystocia has become an economic problem....
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Mineral deficiencies can lead to dystocia and abnormalities in neonates. Stillbirth of neonatal calves in dairy cows due to dystocia has become an economic problem. Uterine torsion (UT) is a common form of dystocia observed in dairy cows. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on the characteristics of serum trace element concentrations in dairy cows with UT. This study aimed to comprehensively measure serum trace element concentrations in dairy cows with UT and dystocia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dairy cows with (n = 15) and without (n = 27) UT and neonates (n = 9 and n = 26, respectively) were included in this study. Blood samples (10 mL) were collected, and serum trace element concentrations were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry.
RESULTS
The mortality rate at birth was significantly higher in calves delivered by cows with UT than those delivered by cows without UT. The odds ratio for mortality rate at birth in dairy cows with UT was 7.85. Serum zinc (Zn) levels were significantly lower in cows with UT than in cows without UT (p = 0.01). The copper: Zn ratio was significantly higher in cows with UT than in cows without torsion (p = 0.05). In contrast, serum Cobalt (Co) concentrations were significantly higher in neonates from cows with UT than in neonates from cows without UT (p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Uterine torsion is associated with a high mortality rate at birth and considerable economic losses. Cows with UT had low serum Zn levels, and neonates born to these cows had high serum Co levels.
PubMed: 38328366
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2533-2537 -
Heliyon Feb 2024In Ethiopia, , Leptospira Hardjo, and spp are recognized as the primary factors contributing to cattle reproductive issues. A cross-sectional study was conducted in...
In Ethiopia, , Leptospira Hardjo, and spp are recognized as the primary factors contributing to cattle reproductive issues. A cross-sectional study was conducted in southwest Ethiopia from October 2020 to October 2021 to assess the risk of reproductive disorders associated with L. Hardjo, , and spp. Moreover, the study aimed to identify the factors associated with reproductive disorders. Using an indirect ELISA, antibodies against these pathogens were observed in serum samples collected from 461 cattle. We employed multivariable random effect logistic regression analysis to identify potential risk factors associated with reproductive disorders in cattle. The study areas showed a prevalence of 25.16 % (95 % CI: 21.20-29.12) for cattle reproductive disorders. The presence of Leptospira Hardjo (OR = 2.9, 95 % CI: 1.17-4.02) and (OR = 3.0, 1.49-5.94) antibodies was associated to the occurrence of cattle reproductive disorders. Seropositivity to pathogens , , and L. Hardjo, along with co-infection of all three, showed association with cattle abortion. The presence of L. Hardjo seropositivity and co-infection with were related to dystocia in cattle. Cattle with retained fetal membranes were associated with co-infection seropositivity to these pathogens. Additionally, seropositivity was linked to cases of repeated breeding in cattle. Age, breeding practices, and dog access to cattle showed associations with reproductive disorders, with odds ratios of 2.3 (95 % CI: 2.03-4.69), 2.9 (95 % CI: 1.83-4.82), and 6.5 (95 % CI: 1.04-2.53) respectively. This research indicates that , , and Leptospira Hardjo, which are responsible for severe zoonotic diseases, have a substantial negative impact on cattle production by causing reproductive disorders. To address the transmission of these diseases, it is essential to implement effective mitigation strategies and enhance public awareness. Additional investigation is necessary to identify and understand the factors contributing to cattle reproductive disorders in the specified area.
PubMed: 38327482
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25558 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology May 2024The objective of this video is to demonstrate the diagnosis, evaluation, and techniques for surgical management of a longitudinal vaginal septum, a rare müllerian...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this video is to demonstrate the diagnosis, evaluation, and techniques for surgical management of a longitudinal vaginal septum, a rare müllerian anomaly.
DESIGN
This is a stepwise demonstration of evaluation and surgical techniques with video narration.
SETTING
The incidence of müllerian defects, which can include any anomaly in the fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, or vagina, has been estimated to be 2% to 4% [1]; 30% to 40% of patients with müllerian defects also have associated renal anomalies [1,2]. In normal development, the müllerian ducts fuse at 10 weeks' gestation and the septum between the 2 ducts is absorbed in a caudal to cephalad direction [3]. The exact incidence of complete longitudinal vaginal septa is unknown as they are very rare [4]. Longitudinal vaginal septa may cause dyspareunia, inability to have penetrative intercourse, labor dystocia, or hygiene issues and be very emotionally distressing for patients [5].
INTERVENTIONS
Preoperative evaluation of an adult with longitudinal vaginal septum that included a careful physical examination and abdominal and pelvic imaging. Intraoperative resection with key strategies: (1) placing a Foley catheter to help avoid urinary tract injuries and (2) intermittent rectal examinations to retract the rectum away from the plane of dissection.
CONCLUSION
Patients who present with longitudinal vaginal septa should undergo evaluation for uterine and renal anomalies. Here, we show that resection of longitudinal vaginal septa in adults is feasible and appropriate for patients who present with inability to have penetrative intercourse. Intraoperatively, care should be taken to avoid injuring the rectum or urinary tract.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vagina; Adult; Mullerian Ducts
PubMed: 38325582
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.01.020 -
Heliyon Jan 2024To investigate trends and rates of severe perineal trauma (SPT), also known as obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), between midwife-led and obstetrician-led care in...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate trends and rates of severe perineal trauma (SPT), also known as obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), between midwife-led and obstetrician-led care in the Netherlands, and factors associated with SPT.
METHODS
This nationwide cohort study included registry data from 2000 to 2019 (n = 2,169,950) of spontaneous vaginal births of term, live, cephalic, single infants, without a (previous) caesarean section or assisted vaginal birth.First, trends of SPT and episiotomy were shown. Second, differences in SPT rates between midwife- and obstetrician-led care were assessed. Third, associations of care factors with SPT were examined. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine which factors were important in the associations. All outcomes were stratified for parity.
RESULTS
Over time, the SPT incidence increased mainly in midwife-led care and episiotomy rates decreased. Compared to midwife-led care, SPT rates were lower in obstetrician-led care among primiparous women (aOR 0.78; 99 % CI 0.74-0.81) and comparable among multiparous women (aOR 1.04; 99 % CI 0.99-1.10). Among women without epidural analgesia, these differences were smaller for primiparous women (aOR 0.88; 99 % CI 0.84-0.92), but the SPT rate was higher in obstetrician-led care among multiparous women (aOR 1.09; 99 % CI 1.03-1.15). Among women without shoulder dystocia, induction, augmentation, and pain medication, SPT rates were comparable among primiparous women, but higher among multiparous women in obstetrician-led care. In midwife-led care, SPT occurred more often among hospital versus home births. In obstetrician-led care, lower SPT incidences were found among births with epidural analgesia and for multiparous women with induction or augmentation.
CONCLUSIONS
Among spontaneous vaginal births, induction, augmentation, and epidural analgesia in obstetrician-led care may be an explanatory factor for the higher incidence of SPT among primiparous women in midwife-led care. More research is needed to explain differences in SPT rates and to understand how SPT can be prevented, while maintaining a high intact perineum rate.
PubMed: 38312656
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24609 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Mar 2024
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Rotation; Dystocia; Delivery, Obstetric; Labor Presentation
PubMed: 38309987
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.01.034 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Feb 2024
Correction: Labor dystocia and oxytocin augmentation before or after six centimeters cervical dilatation, in nulliparous women with spontaneous labor, in relation to mode of birth.
PubMed: 38308242
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06292-7 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Feb 2024Episiotomy is a procedure during vaginal delivery to facilitate a safer delivery. However, it can also have complications including hemorrhage, perineal tears,...
INTRODUCTION
Episiotomy is a procedure during vaginal delivery to facilitate a safer delivery. However, it can also have complications including hemorrhage, perineal tears, infections, and vaginal hematoma which should be managed and monitored carefully.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
A 27-year-old woman with term pregnancy, had a normal vaginal delivery at 39 weeks of gestation, and a large episiotomy was performed due to the estimated neonate weight to prevent shoulder dystocia. She was complicated with a huge pelvic hematoma that was expanded to prerenal space.
DISCUSSION
This complication was managed by conservative therapy, including antibiotic therapy, intensive observation of the patient's situation, and follow-up with a CT scan after consulting with a radiologist. The huge hematoma was reduced.
CONCLUSION
Noninvasive management and close monitoring for pelvic hematoma due to episiotomy in a low-risk patient are successful; however, consulting with radiologists and experts and a multidisciplinary approach should be considered.
PubMed: 38306871
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109318 -
Women and Birth : Journal of the... May 2024Midwifery led units are rare in Spain. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PROBLEM
Midwifery led units are rare in Spain.
BACKGROUND
Midwife-Led Care (MLC) is a widely extended model of care and, within this, the alongside midwifery-led units (AMLU) are those hospital-based and located in close connection with obstetric units. In Spain, CL is the first center belonging to the National Health System of these characteristics.
AIM
To evaluate the first year of activity of this pioneering unit.
METHODS
An observational cross-sectional study was carried out to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes of births facilitated at CL by comparing with those births that fulfilled the criteria to be admitted at the AMLU but were assisted at the standard obstetric care unit of the hospital.
FINDINGS
174 (20,3%) women and birthing people decided to give birth at CL, whereas 684 (79,7%) gave birth at the Obstetric Unit of the Hospital. Women assisted at the AMLU had lower intervention rates (episiotomy, epidural analgesia) and a higher rate of breastfeeding practice. There were no statistical differences in maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, third-or-four-degree laceration) or neonatal outcomes (Apgar< 7 at 5 min; birth weight < 2500 gr; macrosomia; shoulder dystocia, neonatal care transfer).
DISCUSSION
There were differences in transfers from MLU to OU between nulliparous and multiparous; the main reason for transfer is the request for analgesia. Epidural analgesia should be considered when analyzing maternal outcomes.
CONCLUSION
An alongside midwifery-led unit is a safe option with a low incidence of complications. This model of care can be positively implemented at the Public Healthcare System.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Midwifery; Delivery, Obstetric; Cross-Sectional Studies; Spain; Perinatal Care; Hospitals, Public
PubMed: 38296744
DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2024.01.003 -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 2024Diets that provide a negative dietary anion cation difference (DCAD) and supplement with a vitamin D metabolite 25-OH-D3 (calcidiol) may increase calcium availability at...
Diets that provide a negative dietary anion cation difference (DCAD) and supplement with a vitamin D metabolite 25-OH-D3 (calcidiol) may increase calcium availability at parturition, and enhance piglet survival and performance. This factorial study assessed the effects of DCAD, calcidiol (50 µg/kg), and parity (parity 1 or >1) and their interactions. Large White and Landrace sows (n = 328), parity 1 to 8 were randomly allocated in blocks to treatment diets from day 103 of gestation until day 3 postfarrow: 1) negative DCAD without calcidiol (negative DCAD + no CA), n = 84, 2) negative DCAD with calcidiol (negative DCAD + CA) n = 84, 3) positive DCAD without calcidiol (negative DCAD + no CA), n = 81, and 4) positive DCAD with calcidiol (positive DCAD + CA), n = 79. Negative DCAD diets were acidified with an anionic feed (2 kg/t) and magnesium sulfate (2 kg/t). All treatment diets contained cholecalciferol at 1,000 IU/kg. Dry sow diets contained 14.8% crude protein (CP), 5.4% crude fiber (CF), 0.8% Ca, and 83 mEq/kg DCAD. Treatment diets 1 and 2 contained 17.5% CP, 7.3% CF, 0.8% Ca, and -2 mEq/kg DCAD. Treatment diets 3 and 4 contained 17.4% CP, 7.4% CF, 0.8% Ca, and 68 mEq/kg DCAD. Before farrowing, all negative DCAD sows had lower urine pH than all sows fed a positive DCAD (5.66 ± 0.05 and 6.29 ± 0.05, respectively; P < 0.01); urinary pH was acidified for both DCAD treatments indicating metabolic acidification. The percentage of sows with stillborn piglets was not affected by DCAD, calcidiol, or parity alone but sows fed the negative DCAD + CA diet had a 28% reduction in odds of stillbirth compared to the negative DCAD + no CA diet and even lesser odds to the positive DCAD + CA diet. At day 1 after farrowing, blood gas, and mineral and metabolite concentrations were consistent with feeding a negative DCAD diet and that negative DCAD diets influence energy metabolism, as indicated by increased glucose, cholesterol, and osteocalcin concentrations and reduced nonesterified free fatty acids and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. In the subsequent litter, total piglets born and born alive (14.7 ± 0.3 and 13.8 ± 0.3 piglets, respectively; P = 0.029) was greater for positive DCAD diets compared to negative DCAD diets; and there was an interaction between DCAD, calcidiol, and parity (P = 0.002). Feeding a negative DCAD diet influenced stillbirth, subsequent litter size, and metabolic responses at farrowing. More studies are needed to define optimal diets prefarrowing for sows.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Swine; Calcifediol; Stillbirth; Lactation; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Anions; Cations; Animal Feed; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 38285624
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae027