-
Neurology India Jan 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; Encephalitis, Japanese; Encephalitis; Infections; Chronic Disease; Recurrence
PubMed: 38443035
DOI: 10.4103/neurol-india.Neurol-India-D-23-00465 -
Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases... Apr 2024Japanese encephalitis virus is mainly prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania. Through immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis using...
Japanese encephalitis virus is mainly prevalent in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Oceania. Through immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis using monoclonal antibodies targeting JEV E protein, we found that mosquito Histone 2A protein could bind to JEV particles. The binding of H2A and JEV was detected in the salivary gland and supernatant of mosquito cells. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments and confirmed that H2A protein promotes JEV infection in mosquitoes. In summary, we found that mosquito H2A is a factor that supports JEV infection and can potentially facilitate cross-species transmission of JEV.
Topics: Animals; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Culicidae; Histones; Culex; Encephalitis, Japanese; Mosquito Vectors
PubMed: 38441490
DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0081 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Feb 2024Subglottic stenosis is narrowing of the area in between the vocal cords and the cricoid cartilage. It can cause respiratory problems which can be mild to severe. Study...
Subglottic stenosis is narrowing of the area in between the vocal cords and the cricoid cartilage. It can cause respiratory problems which can be mild to severe. Study the management of paediatric airway in post-intubation subglottic stenosis associated with Japanese encephalitis. Case Setting and Design: Retrospective study of 18 patients presenting with encephalitis out of which 6 cases were of post-intubation subglottic stenosis associated with Japanese encephalitis between the study period of one year (September 2017-September 2018) in the, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute Of Health And Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Fifteen patients were treated in the study period. Different approaches were used. Post-intubation subglottic stenosis depends on the duration of intubation and the quality of life post-tracheostomy depends on the type of tube used. Bronchoscopic assisted procedures during the tracheostomy or after an interval helps to decrease the morbidity. Management of paediatric airway in post-intubation subglottic stenosis associated with Japanese encephalitis needs proper strategy and dedicated and intensive post-operative care. Bivona® silicone tracheostomy tube is a better option.
PubMed: 38440548
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04245-8 -
Annali Di Igiene : Medicina Preventiva... 2024Japanese encephalitis, caused by the JE virus transmitted by mosquitoes, is the most common type of epidemic encephalitis in Asia. It is endemic in most of South and... (Review)
Review
Japanese encephalitis, caused by the JE virus transmitted by mosquitoes, is the most common type of epidemic encephalitis in Asia. It is endemic in most of South and Southeast Asia, but the number of cases can vary greatly between areas. While many infections do not lead to disease, the symptomatic cases can be very severe and life-threatening. It mainly affects children, whereas adults are generally immune to the disease due to either being infected in childhood or receiving vaccination. However, individuals who are not immune, such as travelers from non-endemic countries, are susceptible to the disease when exposed to the virus for the first time, regardless of age. Without antiviral treatment options, vaccination is the only strategy to establish effective protection against Japanese encephalitis.
Topics: Adult; Child; Animals; Humans; Encephalitis, Japanese; Asia; Vaccination; Culicidae
PubMed: 38436079
DOI: 10.7416/ai.2024.2616 -
Communications Biology Mar 2024
PubMed: 38429356
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05963-7 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Mar 2024
PubMed: 38429181
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.122940 -
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Encephalitis, Japanese; Platelet Factor 4; Dengue; Immunologic Factors; Receptors, CXCR3
PubMed: 38417982
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.001 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2024Flavivirus virus-like particles (VLPs) exhibit a striking structural resemblance to viral particles, making them highly adaptable for various applications, including...
Flavivirus virus-like particles (VLPs) exhibit a striking structural resemblance to viral particles, making them highly adaptable for various applications, including vaccines and diagnostics. Consequently, increasing VLPs production is important and can be achieved by optimizing expression plasmids and cell culture conditions. While attempting to express genotype III (GIII) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) VLPs containing the G104H mutation in the envelope (E) protein, we failed to generate VLPs in COS-1 cells. However, VLPs production was restored by cultivating plasmid-transfected cells at a lower temperature, specifically 28 °C. Furthermore, we observed that the enhancement in JEV VLPs production was independent of amino acid mutations in the E protein. The optimal condition for JEV VLPs production in plasmid-transfected COS-1 cells consisted of an initial culture at 37 °C for 6 h, followed by a shift to 28 °C (37/28 °C) for cultivation. Under 37/28 °C cultivation conditions, flavivirus VLPs production significantly increased in various mammalian cell lines regardless of whether its expression was transiently transfected or clonally selected cells. Remarkably, clonally selected cell lines expressing flavivirus VLPs consistently achieved yields exceeding 1 μg/ml. Binding affinity analyses using monoclonal antibodies revealed similar binding patterns for VLPs of genotype I (GI) JEV, GIII JEV, West Nile virus (WNV), and dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) produced under both 37 °C or 37/28 °C cultivation conditions. In summary, our study demonstrated that the production of flavivirus VLPs can be significantly improved under 37/28 °C cultivation conditions without affecting the conformational structure of the E protein. KEYPOINTS: • Low-temperature culture (37/28 °C) enhances production of flavivirus VLPs. • Flavivirus VLPs consistently achieved yields exceeding 1 μg/ml. • 37/28 °C cultivation did not alter the structure of flavivirus VLPs.
Topics: Chlorocebus aethiops; Animals; Flavivirus; Temperature; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Cold Temperature; COS Cells; Encephalitis, Japanese; Mammals
PubMed: 38416210
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13064-y -
Journal of Virology Mar 2024Superinfection exclusion (SIE) is a phenomenon in which a preexisting infection prevents a secondary infection. SIE has been described for several flaviviruses, such as...
Superinfection exclusion (SIE) is a phenomenon in which a preexisting infection prevents a secondary infection. SIE has been described for several flaviviruses, such as West Nile virus vs Nhumirim virus and Dengue virus vs yellow fever virus. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus posing threats to human health. The SIE between ZIKV and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is investigated in this study. Our results demonstrate for the first time that JEV inhibits ZIKV infection in both mammalian and mosquito cells, whether co-infects or subsequently infects after ZIKV. The exclusion effect happens at the stage of ZIKV RNA replication. Further studies show that the expression of JEV NS2B protein is sufficient to inhibit the replication of ZIKV, and the outer membrane region of NS2B (46-103 aa) is responsible for this SIE. JEV infection and NS2B expression also inhibit the infection of the vesicular stomatitis virus. In summary, our study characterized a SIE caused by JEV NS2B. This may have potential applications in the prevention and treatment of ZIKV or other RNA viruses.IMPORTANCEThe reemerged Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused severe symptoms in humans and poses a continuous threat to public health. New vaccines or antiviral agents need to be developed to cope with possible future pandemics. In this study, we found that infection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) or expression of NS2B protein well inhibited the replication of ZIKV. It is worth noting that both the P3 strain and vaccine strain SA14-14-2 of JEV exhibited significant inhibitory effects on ZIKV. Additionally, the JEV NS2B protein also had an inhibitory effect on vesicular stomatitis virus infection, suggesting that it may be a broad-spectrum antiviral factor. These findings provide a new way of thinking about the prevention and treatment of ZIKV.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese; Encephalitis, Japanese; Superinfection; Vesicular Stomatitis; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
PubMed: 38411948
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01859-23 -
Journal of Biomolecular Structure &... Feb 2024One of the viral diseases that affect millions of people around the world, particularly in developing countries, is (JE). In this study, the conserved protein of this...
Structural and energetic analysis of NS5 protein inhibition by small molecules in Japanese encephalitis virus using machine learning and steered molecular dynamics approach.
One of the viral diseases that affect millions of people around the world, particularly in developing countries, is (JE). In this study, the conserved protein of this virus, that is, non-structural protein 5 (NS5), was used as a target protein for this study, and a compound library of 749 antiviral molecules was screened against NS5. The current study employed machine learning-based virtual screening combined with molecular docking. Here, three hits (, and ) had lower binding energies (< -8 kcal/mol) than the control, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH). All the compounds showed significant H-bond interactions with functional residues, which were also observed by the control. Molecular dynamics simulation, MM/GBSA for binding free energy analysis, principal component analysis and free energy landscape were also performed to study the stability of the complex formation. All three compounds had similar root mean square deviation trends, which were comparable to the control, SAH. Post-MD, the -receptor complex had the highest number of H-bonds (4 to 5) after the control, out of which three exhibited the highest percentage occupancy (50%, 24% and 79%). Both docking and MD, showed an H-bond with the residue Gly111, which was also found for the control-protein complex. showed the lowest binding free energy with Δ of -89 kJ/mol. Steered molecular dynamics depicted that had the maximum magnitude of dissociation (1436.43 kJ/mol/nm), which was more than the control, validating its stable complex formation. This study concluded that is a binder and could inhibit the protein NS5 of JE.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
PubMed: 38407246
DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2316767