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Nutrients Jun 2024Testing and evaluating athletes is necessary and should include performance, body composition, and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to report assessments of...
BACKGROUND
Testing and evaluating athletes is necessary and should include performance, body composition, and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to report assessments of dietary intake, V˙O, and body composition in D1 collegiate athletes and examine relationships between these assessments.
METHODS
Dietary intake was assessed with 3-day recalls and compared to recommendations, and body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) ( = 48). V˙O was evaluated using a graded exercise test (GXT) with a verification bout ( = 35). Reliability between "true" V˙O and verification was determined. Correlations and regressions were performed.
RESULTS
Energy, carbohydrate, and micronutrient intake was lower than recommendations. Mean V˙O was 47.3 and 47.4 mL·kg·min for GXT and verification, respectively. While correlations were apparent among dietary intake, V˙O, and body composition, percent fat-free mass (%FFM) predicted 36% of V˙O.
CONCLUSIONS
Collegiate athletes are not meeting energy and carbohydrate recommendations and exceed fat recommendations. Vitamin D and magnesium were low in all sports, and iron and calcium were low in females. V˙O ranged from 35.6 to 63.0 mL·kg·min, with females below average and males meeting typical values for their designated sport. Assessing D1 athletes can provide guidance for sports dietitians, coaches, and strength and conditioning specialists to track and monitor nutrition in athletes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Body Composition; Athletes; Young Adult; Nutritional Status; Athletic Performance; Energy Intake; Oxygen Consumption; Universities; Adolescent; Electric Impedance; Dietary Carbohydrates; Nutrition Assessment; Exercise Test; Diet; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38931251
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121896 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Depression represents a widespread and devastating psychiatric public health challenge globally. It is particularly prevalent among young adults in Korea. Certain foods...
Depression represents a widespread and devastating psychiatric public health challenge globally. It is particularly prevalent among young adults in Korea. Certain foods may have medicinal properties that alleviate depressive symptoms. This study aimed to examine the association between specific foods and depressive symptoms among young adults, exploring their bioactive effects and possible mechanisms. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 1000 Korean young adults aged 18-39 years. Food frequency questionnaires were used to assess diets and their associations with depressive symptoms. Results from multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated associations between several specific foods and their effects: milk (odds ratio = 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.94), eggs (0.55, 0.35-0.87), bananas (0.58, 0.36-0.94), oranges (0.62, 0.40-0.96), sweet potatoes (0.60, 0.37-0.97), mushrooms (0.53, 0.31-0.92, females only), and kimchi (0.40, 0.17-0.95, males only). Furthermore, molecular docking indicated that hesperidin had the highest docking score of 5.86 in oranges. Several bioactive compounds identified as potentially beneficial in combatting depression include calcium, casein, alpha-lactalbumin, tryptophan (TRP), vitamin B6 and B12, magnesium, flavonoids (especially hesperidin), carotenoids, ergothioneine, fiber, and probiotics. To recommend these foods in the management of depression among young adults, further clinical intervention studies are necessary.
Topics: Humans; Female; Young Adult; Male; Adult; Depression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adolescent; Republic of Korea; Diet; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 38931173
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121818 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Unraveling the intricate physiological and biochemical intricacies associated with female dominance in grape berries across diverse developmental stages is imperative...
Unraveling the intricate physiological and biochemical intricacies associated with female dominance in grape berries across diverse developmental stages is imperative for optimizing grape production and ensuring the attainment of high-quality yields. This study conducted a thorough analysis of grape berries across phenological stages (BBCH-79, BBCH-81, BBCH-89) and cultivars. At BBCH-89, Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki demonstrated the highest berry weight and total soluble solids (TSS) levels, emphasizing its enological potential. Acidity peaked at BBCH-79 (28.16) and declined at BBCH-89 (6.11), signaling a shift towards lower acidity in later stages. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki consistently showed the highest maturity index (MI). Mineral content variations were observed across nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), with Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki often having the highest concentrations, particularly in potassium, calcium, and boron. Hormonal analysis revealed a significant surge in concentrations at BBCH-89, with Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki standing out. Notably, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations increased by 106%, and abscisic acid (ABA) levels peaked at BBCH-79 with a 38% increase in Bozcaada Çavuşu*Kuntra. Sugar content analysis showed variations in fructose, glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose levels across sampling times and cultivars. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki consistently exhibited higher sugar levels, especially at BBCH-81 and BBCH-89. Vitamin concentrations varied temporally and among cultivars, with BBCH-89 displaying the highest vitamin A concentration (6.24 mg/100 g FW), and Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki often exhibiting maximum values for vitamin B1, B2, B6, and C. Further research and targeted cultivation practices focusing on the unique attributes of Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki could enhance grape production efficiency, emphasizing its potential contribution to achieving consistently high-quality yields across various phenological stages.
PubMed: 38931044
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121612 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils can significantly reduce peanut yield. The physiological response of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress still has not been fully...
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils can significantly reduce peanut yield. The physiological response of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress still has not been fully explored. This research examined the influences of Al toxicity on peanut leaves by observing the leaf phenotype, scanning the leaf area and perimeter, and by measuring photosynthetic pigment content, physiological response indices, leaf hormone levels, and mineral element accumulation. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) was utilized to determine the relative transcript level of specific genes. The results indicated that Al toxicity hindered peanut leaf development, reducing their biomass, surface area, and perimeter, although the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content was minimal. Al toxicity notably affected the activity of antioxidative enzymes, proline content, and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels in the leaves. Additionally, Al poisoning resulted in the increased accumulation of iron (Fe), potassium (K), and Al in peanut leaves but reduced the levels of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg). There were significant changes in the content of hormones and the expression level of genes connected with hormones in peanut leaves. High Al concentrations may activate cellular defense mechanisms, enhancing antioxidative activity to mitigate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affecting hormone-related gene expression, which may impede leaf biomass and development. This research aimed to elucidate the physiological response mechanisms of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress, providing insights for breeding new varieties resistant to Al poisoning.
PubMed: 38931038
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121606 -
Microorganisms May 2024is of great importance in numerous exploratory or industrial applications (e.g., medicals, food, and feed additives). Rapid quantification of algal biomass is crucial...
is of great importance in numerous exploratory or industrial applications (e.g., medicals, food, and feed additives). Rapid quantification of algal biomass is crucial in photobioreactors for the optimization of nutrient management and the estimation of production. The main goal of this study is to provide a simple, rapid, and not-resource-intensive estimation method for determining the algal density of according to the measured parameters using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Comparative assessment measurements were conducted with seven different methods (e.g., filtration, evaporation, chlorophyll a extraction, and detection of optical density and fluorescence) to determine algal biomass. By analyzing the entire spectra of diluted algae samples, optimal wavelengths were determined through a stepwise series of linear regression analyses by a novel correlation scanning method, facilitating accurate parameter estimation. Nonlinear formulas for spectrometry-based estimation processes were derived for each parameter. As a result, a general formula for biomass concentration estimation was developed, with recommendations for suitable measuring devices based on algae concentration levels. New values for magnesium content and the average single-cell weight of were established, in addition to the development of a rapid, semiautomated cell counting method, improving efficiency and accuracy in algae quantification for cultivation and biotechnology applications.
PubMed: 38930433
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061050 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method is proposed to simulate the material distribution and physical properties during dissimilar aluminum/magnesium...
The coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method is proposed to simulate the material distribution and physical properties during dissimilar aluminum/magnesium friction stir welding (FSW) process more accurately. Combined with a computational fluid dynamics model, the FSW process is numerically simulated and the heat transfer and material flow are analyzed. The results show that heat transfer and material flow have great influence on the Al/Mg bonding. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, the calculated results based on different methods are compared with the experimental results, and the Al/Mg interface simulated by the CLSVOF method is in better agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the material distribution and interface evolution near the tool at different times were studied based on the CLSVOF method.
PubMed: 38930383
DOI: 10.3390/ma17123014 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Low-temperature additive manufacturing of magnesium (Mg) alloy implants is considered a promising technique for biomedical applications due to Mg's inherent...
Low-temperature additive manufacturing of magnesium (Mg) alloy implants is considered a promising technique for biomedical applications due to Mg's inherent biocompatibility and 3D printing's capability for patient-specific design. This study explores the influence of powder volume content, size, and morphology on the mechanical properties and viscosity of polylactic acid (PLA) matrix composite filaments containing in-house-produced magnesium-calcium (Mg-Ca) particles, with a focus on their application towards low-temperature additive manufacturing. We investigated the effects of varying the Mg-Ca particle content in a PLA matrix, revealing a direct correlation between volume content and bending strength. Particle size analysis demonstrated that smaller particles (D50: 57 μm) achieved a bending strength of 63.7 MPa, whereas larger particles (D50: 105 μm) exhibited 49.6 MPa at 20 vol.%. Morphologically, the filament containing spherical particles at 20 vol.% showed a bending strength that was 11.5 MPa higher than that of the filament with irregular particles. These findings highlight the critical role of particle content, size, and shape in determining the mechanical and rheological properties of Mg-Ca/PLA composite filaments for use in material extrusion additive manufacturing.
PubMed: 38930352
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122983 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In this work, the preparation of titanium sponge by magnesium thermal method is regarded as the liquid-phase sintering process of titanium, and powder-metallurgy...
In this work, the preparation of titanium sponge by magnesium thermal method is regarded as the liquid-phase sintering process of titanium, and powder-metallurgy sintering technology is utilized to simulate the aggregation-growth and densification behavior of titanium particles in a high-temperature liquid medium (the molten Mg-MgCl system). It was found that compared with MgCl, Mg has better high-temperature wettability and reduction effect, which promotes titanium particles to form a sponge titanium skeleton at lower temperature. The aggregation degree of titanium particles and the densification degree of a sponge titanium skeleton can be improved by increasing the temperature and the relative content of Mg in the melting medium. The kinetics study shows that with the increase in temperature, the porosity of the titanium particle aggregates and the sponge titanium skeleton decreases, and their density growth rate increases. With the extension of time, the aggregation degree of titanium particles and the densification degree of sponge titanium gradually increase. This work provides a theoretical reference for controlling the density of titanium sponge in industry.
PubMed: 38930273
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122904 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In the present work, magnesium oxide (MgO) and lead oxide (PbO) nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Their structural parameters and morphology...
In the present work, magnesium oxide (MgO) and lead oxide (PbO) nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Their structural parameters and morphology were investigated using XRD, HRTEM, and FTIR. The formation of the phases was seen to have small average crystallite sizes and an orthorhombic crystal structure for both MgO and PbO nanoparticles. The results of HR-TEM showed irregularly shaped nanoparticles: quasi-spherical or rod-like shapes and spherical-like shapes for MgO and PbO nanoparticles, respectively. The produced nanoparticles' size using X-ray diffraction analysis was found to be 17 nm and 41 nm for MgO and PbO nanoparticles, respectively. On the other hand, it was observed from the calculations that the optical band gap obeys an indirect allowed transition. The calculated values of the band gap were 4.52 and 4.28 eV for MgO and PbO NPs, respectively. The MB was extracted from the wastewater using the prepared composites via absorption. Using a variety of kinetic models, the adsorptions were examined. Out of all the particles, it was discovered that the composites were best. Furthermore, of the models currently under consideration, the pseudo-second-order model best fit the degradation mechanism. The resultant composites could be beneficial for degrading specific organic dyes for water purification, as well as applications needing a wider optical band gap.
PubMed: 38930259
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122890 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Friction stir processing (FSP) was performed on an AZ91 magnesium alloy cladding layer fabricated by a cold metal transfer (CMT) technique. Electrochemical properties...
Friction stir processing (FSP) was performed on an AZ91 magnesium alloy cladding layer fabricated by a cold metal transfer (CMT) technique. Electrochemical properties and immersion corrosion behavior of the cladding layer before and after FSP in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were investigated. After applying the FSP, the corrosion potential and corrosion current density of the cladding layer increased from -1.455 V to -1.397 V and decreased from 4.135 μA/cm to 1.275 μA/cm, respectively. The results of OM and SEM displayed the refinement of grains and the dispersion of β-MgAl second phase in the friction stir processed (FSPed) cladding layer and more severe corrosion of the unprocessed sample. The corrosion rate of the FSPed cladding layer was lower, and a more compact corrosion product film was formed on the surface of the FSPed cladding layer. EDS results and XRD patterns showed that the corrosion products was mainly composed of Mg(OH). The increase in Al content in the α-Mg matrix, grain refinement, and fragmentation and dispersion of the β-MgAl second phase induced by FSP were the main factors that led to the improvement in corrosion resistance of the cladding layer of the AZ91 magnesium alloy fabricated by CMT.
PubMed: 38930245
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122875