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The Plant Journal : For Cell and... May 2024Proline metabolism plays a crucial role in both environmental stress responses and plant growth. However, the specific mechanism by which proline contributes to abiotic...
Rhamnogalacturonan lyase 1 (RGL1), as a suppressor of E3 ubiquitin ligase Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (AtRZF1), is involved in dehydration response to mediate proline synthesis and pectin rhamnogalacturonan-I composition.
Proline metabolism plays a crucial role in both environmental stress responses and plant growth. However, the specific mechanism by which proline contributes to abiotic stress processes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized atrzf1 (Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1) as a parental line for T-DNA tagging mutagenesis and identified a suppressor mutant of atrzf1, designated proline content alterative 31 (pca31). The pca31 mutant suppressed the insensitivity of atrzf1 to dehydration stress during early seedling growth. Using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced-PCR, we found that the T-DNA of pca31 was inserted into the promoter region of the At2g22620 gene, which encodes the cell wall enzyme rhamnogalacturonan lyase 1 (RGL1). Enzymatic assays indicated that RGL1 exhibited rhamnogalacturonan lyase activity, influencing cell wall pectin composition. The decrease in RGL1 gene expression suppressed the transcriptomic perturbation of the atrzf1 mutant. Silencing of the RGL1 gene in atrzf1 resulted in a sensitive phenotype similar to pca31 under osmotic stress conditions. Treatment with mannitol, salt, hydrogen peroxide, and abscisic acid induced RGL1 expression. Furthermore, we uncovered that RGL1 plays a role in modulating root growth and vascular tissue development. Molecular, physiological, and genetic experiments revealed that the positive modulation of RGL1 during abiotic stress was linked to the AtRZF1 pathway. Taken together, these findings establish that pca31 acts as a suppressor of atrzf1 in abiotic stress responses through proline and cell wall metabolisms.
PubMed: 38743860
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16808 -
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology May 2024In order to improve the utilization value of the erythritol mother liquor, the separation and purification of the erythritol mother liquor was selected in this study....
In order to improve the utilization value of the erythritol mother liquor, the separation and purification of the erythritol mother liquor was selected in this study. The selected chromatographic separation programme for erythritol crystallizing mother liquor is as follows: Firstly, erythritol is resolved from mannitol and arabitol with DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) resin and then mannitol is resolved from arabitol with 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resin. At the same time, the chromatographic conditions of the DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins were optimized, resulting in an optimal separation temperature and mobile phase flow rate of 70 °C, 10 ml/min. On this basis, a single-column chromatographic model was used to calculate the TD model parameter () and the mass transfer coefficient () of the separation of erythritol mother liquor by DTF-01Ca (Suqing Group) and 99Ca/320 (Dowex) resins. The adsorption isotherms, TD model parameter () and the mass transfer coefficient () provides data references for the design and operation of the simulated moving beds (SMB) separation system for the industrial-scale separation of erythritol crystallizing mother liquor.
PubMed: 38742596
DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2349936 -
Surgical Neurology International 2024This study strives to provide a current and thorough assessment of the comparative efficacy and safety between equiosmolar quantities of hypertonic saline (HS) and...
BACKGROUND
This study strives to provide a current and thorough assessment of the comparative efficacy and safety between equiosmolar quantities of hypertonic saline (HS) and mannitol in facilitating brain relaxation for patients undergoing elective craniotomies.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, compared the efficacy and safety of equiosmolar concentrations of mannitol and HS in elective craniotomies. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Proquest databases were searched using keywords related to mannitol, HS, and craniotomy. Results were analyzed through a random-effects model using Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio and standard mean difference. < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
Thirteen randomized controlled trials encompassing 965 patients (516 in the HS group and 448 in the mannitol group) were analyzed. The quality of studies was moderate-to-high, and no significant publication bias was observed. The primary outcome, brain relaxation, favored HS over mannitol without significant heterogeneity. Mannitol was associated with increased urine output compared to HS, irrespective of dose, with high heterogeneity. HS was linked to significantly reduced fluid input, confirmed by subgroup analysis with lower heterogeneity. No significant difference was found in serum osmolality between the two agents. Serum sodium (Na) levels favored HS, whereas arterial blood Na levels also favored HS despite considerable heterogeneity. Maximum mean arterial pressure was higher with HS, but it displayed significant heterogeneity. Maximum central venous pressure showed no significant difference between the two agents, with moderate heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
HS appears more effective than mannitol in achieving brain relaxation, and it may offer advantages in fluid management and Na balance. Clinicians should consider these findings when selecting hyperosmotic agents for neurosurgical procedures. Further research is needed to address heterogeneity in certain outcomes and guide clinical practice.
PubMed: 38741989
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_994_2023 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Jan 2024The objective of this research is to assess how salvianolate impacts inflammation and oxidative stress in a laboratory setting, as well as to investigate the underlying...
The objective of this research is to assess how salvianolate impacts inflammation and oxidative stress in a laboratory setting, as well as to investigate the underlying mechanisms. HK-2 cells were subjected to different treatments, including normal glucose, mannitol, high glucose and high glucose plus salvianolate. Cell proliferation, death, MDA levels, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 concentrations, ROS levels, MMP, MPTP and ATP levels were assessed using various kits. The protein expressions of NOX4, TGF-β1, P-Smad2, P-Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 were ascertained through western blot analysis. Our results indicated salvianolate could reduce the release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, as well as MCP-1, alleviate the levels of oxidative stress markers NOX4 and MDA, and improve mitochondrial function by increasing MMP and ATP levels while reducing ROS and MPTP opening. Furthermore, salvianolate inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad2, Smad3 signaling pathway, suppressed Smad4 expression and increased Smad7 expression. Salvianolate seems to mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress through a variety of mechanisms. These discoveries offer valuable understanding into the possible mechanisms by which salvianolate may be employed in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Glucose; Humans; Cell Line; Inflammation; Smad Proteins; Plant Extracts; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Reactive Oxygen Species; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 38741398
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2024Cordyceps has a long medicinal history as a nourishing herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including cerebral... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Cordyceps has a long medicinal history as a nourishing herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) and myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), are major contributors to mortality and disability in humans. Numerous studies have indicated that Cordyceps or its artificial substitutes have significant bioactivity on ischemic CCVDs, however, there is a lack of relevant reviews.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This review was conducted to investigate the chemical elements, pharmacological effects, clinical application and drug safety of Cordycepson ischemic CCVDs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted on the Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases using the keywords "Cordyceps", "Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury", and "Myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury" or their synonyms. The retrieved literature was then categorized and summarized.
RESULTS
The study findings indicated that Cordyceps and its bioactive components, including adenosine, cordycepin, mannitol, polysaccharide, and protein, have the potential to protect against CI/RI and MI/RI by improving blood perfusion, mitigating damage from reactive oxygen species, suppressing inflammation, preventing cellular apoptosis, and promoting tissue regeneration. Individually, Cordyceps could reduce neuronal excitatory toxicity and blood-brain barrier damage caused by cerebral ischemia. It can also significantly improve cardiac energy metabolism disorders and inhibit calcium overload caused by myocardial ischemia. Additionally, Cordyceps exerts a significant preventive or curative influence on the factors responsible for heart/brain ischemia, including hypertension, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmia.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates Cordyceps' prospective efficacy and safety in the prevention or treatment of CI/RI and MI/RI, providing novel insights for managing ischemic CCVDs.
Topics: Humans; Cordyceps; Animals; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Brain Ischemia
PubMed: 38735418
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118321 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Black trumpet () is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical... (Review)
Review
Black trumpet () is a mushroom present in many countries but underestimated. The aim of this publication is to present the latest state of knowledge about the chemical composition and bioactivity of and the possibility of its application in food. According to researchers, black trumpet is very rich in nutritional compounds, including unsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic and linoleic acids), β-glucans, minerals, and vitamins as well as polyphenols and tannins. It also contains compounds influencing the sensory properties, like free amino acids and nucleotides as well as sugars and polyols, mainly mannitol. Many of the described components show high nutritional and bioactive properties. Therefore, shows antioxidant activity and immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antihyperglycemic effects. This makes black trumpet, also called horn of plenty, a mushroom with great potential for use both in medicine and directly in food. So far, black trumpet is not widely used in food, especially processed food. There are only a few studies on the use of dried black trumpet in sausages, but there is great potential for its use in food.
Topics: Humans; Nutritive Value; Antioxidants; Agaricales; Health Promotion; Polyphenols; beta-Glucans; Functional Food
PubMed: 38732570
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091325 -
International Microbiology : the... May 2024The study explores the potential of an indigenous halo-tolerant microbe identified as Bacillus spp. SSAU-2 in enhancing soil fertility and promoting plant growth for...
The study explores the potential of an indigenous halo-tolerant microbe identified as Bacillus spp. SSAU-2 in enhancing soil fertility and promoting plant growth for sustainable agricultural practices under the influence of multiple abiotic stresses such as Cr(VI), high salinity, and artificial drought condition. The study investigated various factors influencing IAA synthesis by SSAU-2, such as pH (5 to 11), salinity (10 to 50 g/L), tryptophan concentration (0.5 to 1%), carbon (mannitol mand lactose), and nitrogen sources (peptone and tryptone). The highest IAA concentration was observed at pH 10 (1.695 mg/ml) and pH 11 (0.782 mg/ml). IAA synthesis was optimized at a salinity level of 30 g/l, with lower and higher salinity levels resulting in decreased IAA concentrations. Notably, the presence of mannitol and lactose significantly augmented IAA synthesis, while glucose and sucrose had inhibitory effects. Furthermore, peptone and tryptone played a pivotal role in enhancing IAA synthesis, while ammonium chloride exerted an inhibitory influence. SSAU-2 showed a diverse array of capabilities, including the synthesis of gibberellins, extracellular polymeric substances, siderophores, and hydrogen cyanide along with nitrogen fixation and ammonia production. The microbe could efficiently tolerate 45% PEG-6000 concentration and effectively produce IAA in 15% PEG concentration. It could also tolerate high concentration of Cr(VI) and synthesize IAA even in 50 ppm Cr(VI). The findings of this study provide valuable insights into harnessing the potential of indigenous microorganisms to promote plant growth, enhance soil fertility, and establish sustainable agricultural practices essential for restoring the health of ecosystems.
PubMed: 38730211
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00528-4 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2024Microfold cells (M cells) are specific intestinal epithelial cells for monitoring and transcytosis of antigens, microorganisms, and pathogens in the intestine. However,...
OBJECTIVE
Microfold cells (M cells) are specific intestinal epithelial cells for monitoring and transcytosis of antigens, microorganisms, and pathogens in the intestine. However, the mechanism for M-cell development remained elusive.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were performed to analyze the effect of sorbitol-regulated M-cell differentiation and , and luciferase and chromatin Immunoprecipitation were used to reveal the mechanism through which sorbitol-modulated M-cell differentiation.
RESULTS
Herein, in comparison to the mannitol group (control group), we found that intestinal M-cell development was inhibited in response to sorbitol treatment as evidenced by impaired enteroids accompanying with decreased early differentiation marker Annexin 5, Marcksl1, Spib, sox8, and mature M-cell marker glycoprotein 2 expression, which was attributed to downregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-В ligand (RANKL) expression and . Mechanically, in the M-cell model, sorbitol stimulation caused a significant upregulation of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) phosphorylation, leading to decreased protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) activation, which further resulted in CREB retention in cytosolic and attenuated CREB binds to RANKL promoter to inhibit RANKL expression. Interestingly, endogenous PKA interacted with CREB, and this interaction was destroyed by sorbitol stimulation. Most importantly, inhibition of PDE4 by dipyridamole could rescue the inhibitory effect of sorbitol on intestinal enteroids and M-cell differentiation and mature and .
CONCLUSION
These findings suggested that sorbitol suppressed intestinal enteroids and M-cell differentiation and matured through PDE4-mediated RANKL expression; targeting to inhibit PDE4 was sufficient to induce M-cell development.
Topics: Sorbitol; RANK Ligand; Animals; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; Cell Differentiation; Mice; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Intestinal Mucosa; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; M Cells
PubMed: 38725539
DOI: 10.1155/2024/7524314 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Enzymatic synthesis of biochemicals in vitro is vital in synthetic biology for its efficiency, minimal by-products, and easy product separation. However, challenges like...
Coupling protein scaffold and biosilicification: A sustainable and recyclable approach for d-mannitol production via one-step purification and immobilization of multienzymes.
Enzymatic synthesis of biochemicals in vitro is vital in synthetic biology for its efficiency, minimal by-products, and easy product separation. However, challenges like enzyme preparation, stability, and reusability persist. Here, we introduced a protein scaffold and biosilicification coupled system, providing a singular process for the purification and immobilization of multiple enzymes. Using d-mannitol as a model, we initially constructed a self-assembling EE/KK protein scaffold for the co-immobilization of glucose dehydrogenase and mannitol dehydrogenase. Under an enzyme-to-scaffold ratio of 1:8, a d-mannitol yield of 0.692 mol/mol was achieved within 4 h, 2.16-fold higher than the free enzymes. The immobilized enzymes retained 70.9 % of the initial joint activity while the free ones diminished nearly to inactivity after 8 h. Furthermore, we incorporated the biosilicification peptide CotB into the EE/KK scaffold, inducing silica deposition, which enabled the one-step purification and immobilization process assisted by Spy/Snoop protein-peptide pairs. The coupled system demonstrated a comparable d-mannitol yield to that of EE/KK scaffold and 1.34-fold higher remaining activities after 36 h. Following 6 cycles of reaction, the immobilized system retained the capability to synthesize 56.4 % of the initial d-mannitol titer. The self-assembly co-immobilization platform offers an effective approach for enzymatic synthesis of d-mannitol and other biochemicals.
Topics: Mannitol; Enzymes, Immobilized; Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase; Mannitol Dehydrogenases
PubMed: 38723818
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132196 -
Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part... Jun 2024The middle fossa craniotomy (MFCs) is commonly utilized for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, encephaloceles, and superior semicircular canal dehiscence...
The middle fossa craniotomy (MFCs) is commonly utilized for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, encephaloceles, and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). This study compares postoperative outcomes of MFCs with and without LD use. A retrospective cohort study of adults over the age of 18 years presenting for the repair of nonneoplastic CSF leak, encephalocele, or SSCD via MFC from 2009 to 2021 was conducted. The main exposure of interest was the placement of an LD. The primary outcome was the presence of postoperative complications (acute/delayed neurologic deficit, meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, and stroke). Secondary outcomes included operating room (OR) time, length of stay, recurrence, and need for reoperation. In total, 172 patients were included, 96 of whom received an LD and 76 who did not. Patients not receiving an LD were more likely to receive intraoperative mannitol ( = 24, 31.6% vs. = 16, 16.7%, = 0.02). On univariate logistic regression, LD placement did not influence overall postoperative complications (OR: 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05-2.02, = 0.28), CSF leak recurrence (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.25-2.29, = 0.61), or need for reoperation (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.48-4.96, = 0.51). While OR time was shorter for patients not receiving LD (349 ± 71 vs. 372 ± 85 minutes), this difference was not statistically significant ( = 0.07). No difference in postoperative outcomes was observed in patients who had an intraoperative LD placed compared to those without LD. Operative times were increased in the LD cohort, but this difference was not statistically significant. Given the similar outcomes, we conclude that LD is not necessary to facilitate safe MCF for nonneoplastic skull base pathologies.
PubMed: 38721362
DOI: 10.1055/a-2065-9178