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Psychiatria Polska Jan 2024The study aimed to provide information on the psychometric properties of the MCQ-A for Polish adolescents; confirm the factor structure of the instrument relative to the...
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to provide information on the psychometric properties of the MCQ-A for Polish adolescents; confirm the factor structure of the instrument relative to the original scale; and present the intensity of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs of adolescents during the pandemic.
METHODS
A total of 375 adolescents aged 1218 (M = 15.38; SD = 1.63) completed a questionnaire on their well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDI-2 questionnaire for the diagnosis of depression in children and adolescents; the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Polish version of the MCQ-A.
RESULTS
Structural validity was tested using confirmatory factor analyzes. The best results were obtained using a model that had a five-factor scale structure without a higher-order factor. The obtained psychometric properties are comparable to the results presented by the authors of the English version of MCQ-A30.
CONCLUSIONS
This research has shown that the Polish adaptation of MCQ-A is a reliable tool for studying metacognitive beliefs in adolescents.
PubMed: 38935852
DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/168298 -
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Jun 2024The existing literature examining the correlates of depression in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by inconsistent results. The aim...
The existing literature examining the correlates of depression in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by inconsistent results. The aim of the current study was to replicate and extend the literature by exploring whether various clinical and demographic factors are related to the occurrence of depression in a large sample ( = 243) of individuals with OCD ( age = 33.00; 12.47; 74% female). Individuals with OCD who had elevated comorbid depressive symptoms [Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item (PHQ-9) ≥10] scored significantly higher on all OCD symptom subtypes ( range < .001-.048), had greater obsessive and compulsive severity ( < .001), scored higher on perfectionism ( < .001), and had higher disgust sensitivity and propensity scores ( < .001) compared with individuals who did not have comorbid depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10). Of these variables, obsession severity ( = 0.22, = .004), OCD contamination subtype ( = 0.16, = .032) and perfectionism ( = 0.25, < .001) were found to be associated with depressive symptoms on the PHQ-9. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of factors which are associated with depression comorbidity in individuals with OCD.
PubMed: 38935090
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2368518 -
Revista de Neurologia Jul 2024The presence of psychiatric comorbidity in some neurological disorders is common. A bi-directional influence between some psychiatric and neurological disorders has been...
INTRODUCTION
The presence of psychiatric comorbidity in some neurological disorders is common. A bi-directional influence between some psychiatric and neurological disorders has been discussed, but not widely studied. There is an absence of literature on the typology and rates of neurology consultations in different types of psychiatric inpatients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional study based on real world data on patients who had a neurological consultation during hospitalization on a psychiatric ward.
RESULTS
The most frequent reasons for visits to neurologists in our study were cluster 'Epilepsy/other types of non-epileptic seizures' (n = 177, 36.44%), followed by cluster 'Movement disorders' (n = 77, 20.48%), 'Cognitive disorder' (n = 69, 18.35%), and finally cluster 'Neuropathy' (n = 21, 5.59%). The most frequent type of psychiatric patient who required neurologic consultation presented a psychotic disorder (n = 100, 26.60%), follow by problem behavior (n = 82, 21.81%), bipolar disorder (n = 78, 20.78%), depressive disorder (n = 42, 11.17%) and autism spectrum disorder (n = 20, 5.32%). We found a statistically significant relationship between (problem behavior and intellectual disability) and neurologic consultation for epilepsy/other types of non-epileptic seizures, and between (depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability) and neurologic consultation for movement disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study in the literature which analyzes the rates and typology of neurologic consultations in people hospitalized with psychiatric disorders. A deep knowledge of epilepsy, movement disorders and cognitive disorders should be required for health professionals to treat psychiatric inpatients appropriately. Patients with particular psychiatric disorders seem to require a higher number of neurologic consultations than others during their hospitalization.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Mental Disorders; Male; Spain; Nervous System Diseases; Middle Aged; Referral and Consultation; Adult; Comorbidity; Neurology; Inpatients; Aged; Epilepsy
PubMed: 38934945
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7901.2024054 -
Neural Regeneration Research Jun 2024In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may...
In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.
PubMed: 38934398
DOI: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01878 -
Psychopathology Jun 2024Considering the importance of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), peripheral blood biomarkers are...
Exploring the Association between Depression, Suicidality, and Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, FAM19A5, Total Antioxidant Status, Total Oxidant Status, Oxidative Stress Index, and Cytokine Levels: A Case-Control Study of Drug-Naive Adolescents with First-Episode Major Depressive Disorder.
INTRODUCTION
Considering the importance of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), peripheral blood biomarkers are promising for the prediction of diagnosis and treatment outcomes. We aimed to elucidate the neuroinflammatory pathophysiology of depression by evaluating serum levels of FAM19A5 as a new biomarker of inflammatory activation, proinflammatory cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and oxidative stress parameters.
METHODS
Adolescents diagnosed with first-episode drug-naive MDD (n = 35) were compared neurobiologically healthy control group (n = 33). Serum FAM19A5 levels, cytokine levels, BDNF and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. All participants were assessed with the Level-2 Depression Severity Scale, Sleep Disturbance Scale, Somatic Symptom Scale.
RESULTS
BDNF levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. While BDNF showed a positive correlation with all scale scores; BDNF was significantly higher in the suicide risk groups than the control group. IL-1β levels displayed a negative correlation with the severity of sleep disturbances.
CONCLUSIONS
In adolescents with MDD, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were not raised in peripheral blood, unlike in adults. However, BDNF levels, which typically decrease in neurodegenerative conditions, were higher in those with MDD.
PubMed: 38934178
DOI: 10.1159/000539695 -
The British Journal of Clinical... Jun 2024Research in adults suggests that intrusive memories and intrusive thoughts (often referred to as intrusive cognitions) are common in members of the general population...
OBJECTIVES
Research in adults suggests that intrusive memories and intrusive thoughts (often referred to as intrusive cognitions) are common in members of the general population and are often seen in clinical disorders. However, little is known about the experience of intrusive cognitions in adolescents, particularly in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study sought to gather fundamental data on these phenomena (i.e., frequency, characteristics and appraisals of intrusive cognitions) in adolescents with MDD and PTSD.
METHODS
Adolescents aged 11-18 with MDD (n = 11), PTSD (n = 13) and a non-clinical control group (n = 25) completed structured interviews concerning their intrusive memories and thoughts.
RESULTS
Intrusive thoughts were common in all three groups but were particularly frequently experienced in the MDD group. Intrusive memories were expectedly very common in the PTSD group but also experienced by over half of the adolescents with MDD. Both clinical groups reported more negative emotions in response to their intrusive thoughts or memories and appraised these cognitions more negatively than the non-clinical group.
CONCLUSION
Intrusive memories and thoughts are common experiences in adolescents with MDD and PTSD. Emotions and appraisals relating to these cognitions may be targets for psychological intervention in this age group. However, small sample sizes limit the conclusions that can be drawn. Replication is needed with larger numbers of clinical participants.
PubMed: 38934114
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12488 -
Cureus May 2024Background Motivation dysregulation is common in several psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the relationships between motivation and the regional...
Background Motivation dysregulation is common in several psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the relationships between motivation and the regional brain areas involved. We evaluated the relationships between brain microstructural features and causality orientation in patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) techniques. Methods Forty patients with MDD, 36 with BD, and 30 with schizophrenia underwent DKI and assessment using the General Causality Orientation Scale (GCOS). We analyzed the DKI index and the GCOS subscales. Results The psychiatric patients showed significant positive correlations between the GCOS-autonomy orientation score and the mean kurtosis (MK) values in the prefrontal regions, orbitofrontal regions, and posterior cingulate cortex. When the analyses were performed separately by disease and gender, a positive correlation was found between the GCOS-autonomy orientation score and the MK values in the left prefrontal regions transdiagnostically, especially among female patients with MDD, BD, and schizophrenia. Conclusions A similar association between intrinsic motivation and MK value in the left prefrontal cortex was suggested in patients with schizophrenia, MDD, and BD. The commonality of this association among these disorders might lead to the discovery of a new biomarker for psychiatric clinical research.
PubMed: 38933632
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61138 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024It is known that exposure to the natural environment may positively modulate mental processes and behaviors; in particular, it can reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive...
INTRODUCTION
It is known that exposure to the natural environment may positively modulate mental processes and behaviors; in particular, it can reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. This suggests a potential integration of "nature experience" into the treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) since various types of addiction are associated with anxiety and depression. Considering that only one study has been reported to date in patients with alcohol use disorder, the effect of nature experience in SUD patients' needs to be further investigated. This study aimed to test the effects of exposure to a natural lagoon environment on craving and measures of wellbeing in SUD patients in comparison to exposure to an urban environment.
METHODS
Twenty-four SUD patients were divided into three groups of eight participants and exposed to two walking sessions (interspersed with a 1-week wash-out period) in a natural environment typical of the Venetian lagoon, an Urban walk, or staying at the residential center based on a Latin-square design. Before and after each session, drug craving, mood, wellbeing, agency, openness to the future, and restorativeness were assessed.
RESULTS
The Nature walk significantly decreased craving in participants compared to their pre-walk values, and compared to craving after the Urban walk, with the latter significantly increased vs. pre-walk values. The Nature walk significantly decreased negative mood and increased wellbeing and agency. Openness to the future and restorativeness measures showed significant improvement after the Nature walk compared to the Urban walk. On the other hand, craving scores after the Urban Walk positively correlated with negative mood and a Sense of Negative Agency values and negatively correlated with wellbeing scores.
DISCUSSION
Our results confirm that "nature experience" may improve mood, wellbeing, attention, stress relief, openness, and sense of being active in SUD patients. Moreover, we also showed a specific effect on drug craving-a key symptom of SUD.
PubMed: 38933590
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356446 -
Nature and Science of Sleep 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cognitive impairment through unclear mechanisms. We examined the relationship between sleep electroencephalogram (EEG)...
PURPOSE
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cognitive impairment through unclear mechanisms. We examined the relationship between sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) power and attention level in MDD.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Forty-seven untreated patients with MDD and forty-seven age- and sex-matched controls were included. We examined relative EEG power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by fast Fourier transform. The Attention Network Test (ANT) was performed to evaluate attention levels.
RESULTS
Compared to controls, patients with MDD had lower theta power during NREM ( = 0.018) and REM ( = 0.002) sleep, while higher beta power ( = 0.050) during NREM sleep and delta power ( = 0.018) during REM sleep. Regarding attention level, patients with MDD had lower levels of accuracy ( = 0.021), longer mean reaction time ( < 0.001), poorer manifestations of the alerting effect ( = 0.038) and worse executive control ( = 0.048). Moreover, decreased theta power during NREM sleep was correlated with worsened accuracy ( = 0.329, = 0.040), decreased theta power during REM sleep was correlated with worsened alerting effect ( = 0.355, = 0.020), and increased delta power during REM sleep was correlated with longer mean reaction time ( = 0.325, = 0.022) in patients with MDD. No association between ANT performance and other frequency bands was observed in patients with MDD.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that patients with MDD manifest impaired selective attention function that is associated with decreased theta power during NREM/REM sleep and increased delta power during REM sleep.
PubMed: 38933526
DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S464055 -
Health Science Reports Jun 2024Lung cancer is ranked as the second most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the predominant histological subtype. Research...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Lung cancer is ranked as the second most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the predominant histological subtype. Research suggests that one-third of lung cancer patients also experiencing depression. Antidepressants play an indispensable role in the management of NSCLC. Despite significant advancements in treatment, lung cancer patients still face a high mortality rate. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and related antidepressants involved in treatment efficacy and prognosis of NSCLC. However, there has been a lack of screening and analysis regarding genes and networks associated with both NSCLC and MDD.
METHODS
To investigate the correlation between MDD and NSCLC, our discovery and validation analysis included four datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database from NSCLC or MDD. Differential gene expression (DEGs) analysis, GO and KEGG Pathway, and protein-protein interaction network analyzes to identify hub genes, networks, and associated observations link between MDD and NSCLC.
RESULTS
The analysis of two datasets yielded a total of 84 downregulated and 52 upregulated DEGs. Pathway enrichment analyzes indicated that co-upregulated genes were enriched in the regulation of positive regulation of cellular development, collagen-containing extracellular matrix (ECM), cytokine binding, and axon guidance. We identified 20 key genes, which were further analyzed using the MCODE plugin to identify two core subnetworks. The integration of functionally similar genes provided valuable insights into the potential involvement of these hub genes in diverse biological processes including angiogenesis humoral immune response regulation inflammatory response organization ECM network.
CONCLUSION
We have identified a total of 136 DEGs that participate in multiple biological signaling pathways. A total of 20 hub genes have demonstrated robust associations, potentially indicating novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for both diseases.
PubMed: 38933422
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2167