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Parasitology Research Jan 2021We report for the first time the infection of dolphins with Ascocotyle longa found in the intestines of three different species, Sotalia guianensis, Steno bredanensis,...
We report for the first time the infection of dolphins with Ascocotyle longa found in the intestines of three different species, Sotalia guianensis, Steno bredanensis, and Tursiops truncatus gephyreus, which were found washed ashore along the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast. The worms were identified based on morphological and molecular data using the 28S rDNA gene and the COI gene. Specimens of A. longa from the pinniped Otaria flavescens were also analyzed. As the first isolation of A. longa from cetaceans, the present study increases the distribution area and range of definitive hosts of this trematode, and provides new molecular data to complement the phylogeny of the group in future studies, thus contributing to the scientific knowledge of this potentially zoonotic parasite.
Topics: Animals; Atlantic Ocean; Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; Brazil; Electron Transport Complex IV; Heterophyidae; Intestines; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 33169307
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06956-1 -
Gastroenterology Mar 2021
Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Child; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Duodenoscopy; Duodenum; Heterophyidae; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Malnutrition; Narrow Band Imaging; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 33096101
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.028 -
The Journal of Parasitology Oct 2020Here we describe a new heterophyid species, Heterophyes yacyretana n. sp., and resolve its life cycle experimentally. We found the prosobranch snail Aylacostoma...
The Life Cycle of Heterophyes yacyretana n. sp. (Digenea, Heterophyidae), Parasitic in the Endemic Snail Aylacostoma chloroticum (Caenogastropoda, Thiaridae) in Argentina.
Here we describe a new heterophyid species, Heterophyes yacyretana n. sp., and resolve its life cycle experimentally. We found the prosobranch snail Aylacostoma chloroticum in Candelaria, Province of Misiones, Argentina (a sector of the High Paraná River affected by the Yacyretá Dam), naturally infected with opisthorchioid cercariae. These cercariae lacked pigmented eyespots as well as body pigment and possessed 7 pairs of penetration glands arranged in 2 lateral bands, together with 18 pairs of flame cells and a V-shaped excretory vesicle. We exposed specimens of 21 fish species to emerging cercariae and obtained metacercariae from the muscles of the caudal peduncle of 3 species of siluriform fish, and adults from chicks infected with experimentally obtained metacercariae from the albino variety of the bronce corydoras, Corydoras aeneus. The new species differs from other species in the genus by the number of sclerites on the genital sac, the distribution of the vitelline follicles, and the combination of the size relationship of the suckers and the genital sac with respect to the posterior extent of intestinal ceca. Heterophyes yacyretana is the first species of the genus reported from the Americas.
Topics: Animals; Argentina; Cercaria; Chickens; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Gastropoda; Heterophyidae; Life Cycle Stages; Metacercariae; Rivers
PubMed: 33027811
DOI: 10.1645/19-168 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Aug 2020Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of... (Review)
Review
Fish-borne heterophyid trematodes are known to have a zoonotic potential, since at least 30 species are able to infect humans worldwide, with a global infection of around 7 million people. In this paper, a 'state-of-the-art' review of the South American heterophyid species is provided, including classical and molecular taxonomy, parasite ecology, host-parasite interaction studies and a list of species and their hosts. There is still a lack of information on human infections in South America with undetected or unreported infections probably due to the information shortage and little attention by physicians to these small intestinal flukes. Molecular tools for specific diagnoses of South American heterophyid species are still to be defined. Additional new sequences of Pygidiopsis macrostomum, Ascocotyle pindoramensis and Ascocotyle longa from Brazil are also provided.
Topics: Animals; Cyanobacteria; DNA, Helminth; Fishes; Heterophyidae; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Sequence Analysis, DNA; South America; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 32871631
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.373 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Nov 2020The fishborne zoonotic trematode Haplorchis pumilio (Looss, 1896) is here reported for the first time in Brazil based on morphological, experimental and molecular... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Haplorchis pumilio (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) as a new fish-borne zoonotic agent transmitted by Melanoides tuberculata (Mollusca: Thiaridae) in Brazil: A morphological and molecular study.
The fishborne zoonotic trematode Haplorchis pumilio (Looss, 1896) is here reported for the first time in Brazil based on morphological, experimental and molecular studies. Pleurolophocercous cercariae emerged from the invasive snail Melanoides tuberculata collected in the municipality of Ceará-Mirim, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast region of Brazil, in November 2018, were used for experimental infection of guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Metacercariae were extracted from the caudal musculature of these fishes and were used to infect mice. Adult parasites recovered in the small intestine of the mice were morphologically identified as H. pumilio. Molecular sequences were obtained for the Brazilian and Peruvian isolates of H. pumilio, and were compared with data available in GenBank. Analyses of fragments of the nuclear genes 28S (1219 bp) and ITS-2 (290 bp) revealed 98.48-100% similarity between the South American and Asian isolates of H. pumilio. Moreover, new sequences of the mitochondrial gene cox-1 obtained for the Brazilian (797 bp) and Peruvian (646 pb) isolates were 100% similar to a Mexican isolate of this species and 97.54% similar to an isolate from Thailand. This finding reveals the potential for occurrence of human haplorchiasis in Brazil, especially because of the increasing popularity of raw fish dishes in the country.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Genetic Variation; Heterophyidae; Humans; Larva; Mexico; Mice; Models, Animal; Peru; Poecilia; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Snails; Thailand; Trematode Infections; Vector Borne Diseases; Zoonoses
PubMed: 32777454
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104495 -
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Sep 2020Ascocotyle longa is parasitic trematode with wide distribution throughout America, Europe, Africa, and Middle East. Despite the fact that this fish-borne pathogen has...
Ascocotyle longa is parasitic trematode with wide distribution throughout America, Europe, Africa, and Middle East. Despite the fact that this fish-borne pathogen has been considered an agent of human heterophyiasis in Brazil, the molecules involved in the host-parasite interaction remain unknown. The present study reports the proteome profile of A. longa metacercariae collected from the fish Mugil liza from Brazil. This infective stage for humans, mammals and birds was analyzed using nLC-MS/MS approach. We identified a large repertoire of proteins, which are mainly involved in energy metabolism and cell structure. Peptidases and immunogenic proteins were also identified, which might play roles in host-parasite interface. Our data provided unprecedented insights into the biology of A. longa and represent a first step to understand the natural host-parasite interaction. Moreover, as the first proteome characterized in this trematode, it will provide an important resource for future studies.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Genome, Helminth; Helminth Proteins; Heterophyidae; Host-Parasite Interactions; Metacercariae; Proteome; Proteomics; Trematoda; Trematode Infections; Zoonoses
PubMed: 32745491
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111311 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2020Countries of lower Mekong regions are highly alarmed by the spread of fish-borne trematode infections, i.e., small liver flukes and minute intestinal flukes especially...
Discovery of Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Metacercariae in Second Intermediate Hosts and Surveillance on Fish-Borne Trematode Metacercariae Infections in Mekong Region of Myanmar.
Countries of lower Mekong regions are highly alarmed by the spread of fish-borne trematode infections, i.e., small liver flukes and minute intestinal flukes especially in Thailand, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. Moreover; the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma has also been increasing in the endemic area of liver fluke infections. Only a few reports have been published concerning the fish-borne trematodes infections in the central region of Myanmar. However; there is still a lack of information regarding the status of trematodes infections in second intermediate hosts in the Mekong region of Myanmar. Therefore, we conducted surveillance on the distribution of trematode metacercariae in small cyprinoid fishes collected from the Mekong region of Myanmar. A total of 689 fishes (12 different species of cyprinoid fishes) have been collected and examined by pepsin digestion methods. We discovered four species of fish-borne trematode metacercariae infections, i.e., carcinogenic liver fluke, ; minute intestinal flukes, and sp. in Tachileik, the Mekong Region of Myanmar. The outcome of this study could be a useful index for the fish-borne zoonotic trematode epidemiology in the Mekong area. Besides, the results of our study contribute to filling the gap of information necessary for the control and prevention of fish-borne trematode zoonotic infections in the Mekong region.
Topics: Animals; Fasciola hepatica; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Liver Neoplasms; Metacercariae; Myanmar; Trematoda; Trematode Infections; Zoonoses
PubMed: 32526911
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114108 -
International Journal For Parasitology.... Aug 2020Metacercarial cysts of the parasite (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Heterophyidae) are frequently found on the pectoral fins and skin of parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini)...
Metacercarial cysts of the parasite (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Heterophyidae) are frequently found on the pectoral fins and skin of parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarini) inhabiting Okinawan coral reefs in southern Japan. The prevalence of metacercarial cysts in 30 parrotfish species was investigated and compared through a market survey. Although parasite prevalence differed between parrotfishes, all species examined are considered to be suitable hosts. Prevalence was high in (38.5%, n = 13), (33.4%, 2797), (26.6%, 6441), and several other species that share, in part, common feeding habits. Conversely, prevalence was low in (0.4%, 1842), (0.4%, 270), and (0.1%, 8512) which have different feeding habits. Despite a few exceptions, feeding ecology and other indirect behaviors are considered to affect the prevalence of metacercarial cysts in parrotfishes. Taxonomic affiliation and nocturnal mucous cocoon usage are not considered to affect parasite prevalence.
PubMed: 32509519
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.007 -
Food and Waterborne Parasitology Jun 2020Among others, the families Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae includes several genera causing fish-borne zoonoses and distributed also in European Countries and that are...
Among others, the families Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae includes several genera causing fish-borne zoonoses and distributed also in European Countries and that are included in the ParaFishControl (Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in European farmed fish) H2020 EU project. Due to the small size of the metacercariae, the infective stage for human, these parasites cannot be detected visually in fish and monitoring requires expert application of time-consuming techniques. The aim of this was to develop a rapid and affordable molecular method based on multiplex PCR for simultaneous identification of metacercariae of the most common European Opisthorchiid and Heterophyid in fish or fish products.
PubMed: 32435707
DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2020.e00081 -
The Journal of Parasitology Apr 2020Adults of a species of Cryptocotyle were found infecting the intestine of the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823, and metacercariae were found in the fins...
A New Species of Cryptocotyle (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Infecting Kelp Gull and a Galaxiid Fish in Patagonian Freshwater Environments: Morphological and Molecular Analyses.
Adults of a species of Cryptocotyle were found infecting the intestine of the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823, and metacercariae were found in the fins and muscle of the galaxiid fish, Galaxias platei Steindachner, 1898 (local name "puyen grande"), in Nahuel Huapi National Park (Patagonia). Morphometrics and genetic markers of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) confirmed that adults and metacercariae were conspecific and represent a new species, Cryptocotyle dominicana n. sp. The only congener known from South America (Cryptocotyle thapari McIntosh, 1953) matures in river otters (Lutra spp. and Pteronura spp.) in Brazil and Bolivia and differs from the new species in the arrangement of the testes, which are located in tandem in the species from otters. Adults of the new species resemble Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825) Fischoeder, 1903 from marine environments of the Northern Hemisphere, both species being characterized by having a linguiform body, oblique testes, and vitelline follicles that extend posteriorly to the level of the ventral sucker. Considering the morphological findings that differentiate the new species from other Cryptocotyle, as well as the molecular analysis that shows significant differences from C. lingua, we conclude that these specimens represent a new species, the first of the genus Cryptocotyle to be described from birds in South America.
Topics: Animals; Argentina; Bayes Theorem; Bird Diseases; Charadriiformes; Fish Diseases; Fresh Water; Heterophyidae; Likelihood Functions; Osmeriformes; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 32164027
DOI: 10.1645/18-44