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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Endocannabinoids and their -acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) congeners are involved in the central and peripheral regulation of energy...
OBJECTIVE
Endocannabinoids and their -acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) congeners are involved in the central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis, they are present in human milk and are associated with obesity. Infants exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to develop obesity. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to compare the profile of eCBome mediators in milk of women with gestational diabetes (GDM+) and without (GDM-) and to assess the association with offspring growth. The hypothesis is that the eCBome of GDM+ human milk is altered and associated with a difference in infant growth.
METHODS
Circulating eCBome mediators were measured by LC-MS/MS in human milk obtained at 2 months postpartum from GDM+ (n=24) and GDM- (n=29) women. Infant weight and height at 2 months were obtained from the child health record. Z-scores were calculated.
RESULTS
Circulating Npalmitoylethanolamine (PEA) was higher in human milk of GDM+ women than in GDM- women (4.9 ± 3.2 vs. 3.3 ± 1.7, p=0.04). Higher levels were also found for several 2monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) (p<0.05). The levels of NAEs (β=-4.6, p=0.04) and especially non-omega-3 NAEs (B=-5.6, p=0.004) in human milk were negatively correlated with weight-for-age z-score of GDM+ offspring.
CONCLUSION
The profile of eCBome mediators in human milk at 2 months postpartum was different in GDM+ compared to GDM- women and was associated with GDM+ offspring growth at 2 months.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT04263675 and NCT02872402).
Topics: Humans; Endocannabinoids; Milk, Human; Female; Pregnancy; Diabetes, Gestational; Infant, Newborn; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Infant; Child Development
PubMed: 38938519
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1415630 -
Open Veterinary Journal May 2024One zoonotic infectious animal disease is brucellosis. The bacteria that cause brucellosis belong to the genus . Numerous animal and human species are affected by... (Review)
Review
One zoonotic infectious animal disease is brucellosis. The bacteria that cause brucellosis belong to the genus . Numerous animal and human species are affected by brucellosis, with an estimated 500,000 human cases recorded annually worldwide. The occurrence of new areas of infection and the resurgence of infection in already infected areas indicate how dynamically brucellosis is distributed throughout different geographic regions. Bacteria originate from the blood and are found in the reticuloendothelial system, the liver, the spleen, and numerous other locations, including the joints, kidneys, heart, and genital tract. Diagnosis of this disease can be done by bacterial isolation, molecular tests, modified acid-fast stain, rose bengal test (RBT), milk ring test, complement fixation test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum agglutination test. The primary sign of a infection is infertility, which can result in abortion and the birth of a frail fetus that may go on to infect other animals. In humans, the main symptoms are acute febrile illness, with or without localization signs, and chronic infection. Female cattle have a greater risk of contracting Brucella disease. Human populations at high risk of contracting brucellosis include those who care for cattle, veterinarians, slaughterhouse employees, and butchers. Antibiotic treatment of brucellosis is often unsuccessful due to the intracellular survival of and its adaptability in macrophages. A "one health" strategy is necessary to control illnesses like brucellosis.
Topics: Brucellosis; Animals; Zoonoses; Humans; Brucella; Cattle; Global Health
PubMed: 38938422
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i5.1 -
Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official... Jun 2024Breastfeeding is critically important for optimal health of both birthing people and their infants. Shared, patient-centered goals of how health care team members,...
Setting the Agenda for Patient-Centered Research in Infant and Young-Child Feeding: Results from the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine and Reaching Our Sisters Everywhere.
Breastfeeding is critically important for optimal health of both birthing people and their infants. Shared, patient-centered goals of how health care team members, community groups, and families can help facilitate breastfeeding success are needed, as are ways to define and measure what breastfeeding success looks like from the patient's perspective. The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine and Reaching Our Sisters Everywhere's collaborated in a multi-methods approach to identify breastfeeding priorities most important to parents. We identified (1) Key components of a successful breastfeeding journey defined by parents and families, (2) Research priorities that will enable families to achieve breastfeeding. Dissemination of these findings can foster research efforts that are codesigned with birthing parents and families and reflect their priorities.
PubMed: 38938202
DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0297 -
Animal Bioscience Jun 2024The objective of this study was to reveal the influence of acute and chronic heat stress (HS) on the abundance and function of rumen microbiome and host metabolism.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to reveal the influence of acute and chronic heat stress (HS) on the abundance and function of rumen microbiome and host metabolism.
METHODS
The forty mid-lactation goats were randomly divided into two artificial environments a control group and a heat-stressed group. This study was collected from two periods, 1 day and 28 days. The first day was defined as control 1 (CT1) and HS 1 (acute HS), and the last day was defined as CT28 and HS28 (chronic HS). On the first and last day, 6 dairy goats in each group were randomly selected to collect rumen liquid after the morning feeding through oral stomach tubes. The barn temperature and humidity were recorded every day.
RESULTS
Disruption of the rumen microbiome was observed under chronic HS, represented by an increase in the abundance of Prevotella and Bacteroidales (p<0.05), and upregulation of carbohydrate transport and metabolism functions (p<0.05). Additionally, the abundance of Succinimonas and Ruminobacter in chronic HS is lower than in acute HS (p<0.05), and the functions of intracellular trafficking, secretion and vesicular transport, and the cytoskeleton were downregulated (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
HS affected the interaction between the microbiota and host, thereby regulating milk production in dairy goats. These findings increased understanding of the crosstalk between hosts and microorganisms.
PubMed: 38938027
DOI: 10.5713/ab.24.0120 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Milk is a good source of nutrition but is also a source of allergenic proteins such as α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein, and immunoglobulins. The Clustered...
Milk is a good source of nutrition but is also a source of allergenic proteins such as α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein, and immunoglobulins. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas technology has the potential to edit any gene, including milk allergens. Previously, CRISPR/Cas has been successfully employed in dairy cows and goats, but buffaloes remain unexplored for any milk trait. In this study, we utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the major milk allergen BLG gene in buffaloes. First, the editing efficiency of designed sgRNAs was tested in fibroblast cells using the T7E assay and Sanger sequencing. The most effective sgRNA was selected to generate clonal lines of BLG-edited cells. Analysis of 15 single-cell clones, through TA cloning and Sanger sequencing, revealed that 7 clones exhibited bi-allelic (-/-) heterozygous, bi-allelic (-/-) homozygous, and mono-allelic (-/+) disruptions in BLG. Bioinformatics prediction analysis confirmed that non-multiple-of-3 edited nucleotide cell clones have frame shifts and early truncation of BLG protein, while multiple-of-3 edited nucleotides resulted in slightly disoriented protein structures. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method was used to produce blastocyst-stage embryos that have similar developmental rates and quality with wild-type embryos. This study demonstrated the successful bi-allelic editing (-/-) of BLG in buffalo cells through CRISPR/Cas, followed by the production of BLG-edited blastocyst stage embryos using SCNT. With CRISPR and SCNT methods described herein, our long-term goal is to generate gene-edited buffaloes with BLG-free milk.
Topics: Animals; Lactoglobulins; Buffaloes; Gene Editing; CRISPR-Cas Systems; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems; Milk; Fibroblasts
PubMed: 38937564
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65359-9 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Gut microbiomes of mammals carry a complex symbiotic assemblage of microorganisms. Feeding newborn infants milk from the mammary gland allows vertical transmission of...
Gut microbiomes of mammals carry a complex symbiotic assemblage of microorganisms. Feeding newborn infants milk from the mammary gland allows vertical transmission of the parental milk microbiome to the offspring's gut microbiome. This has benefits, but also has hazards for the host population. Using mathematical models, we demonstrate that biparental vertical transmission enables deleterious microbial elements to invade host populations. In contrast, uniparental vertical transmission acts as a sieve, preventing these invasions. Moreover, we show that deleterious symbionts generate selection on host modifier genes that keep uniparental transmission in place. Since microbial transmission occurs during birth in placental mammals, subsequent transmission of the milk microbiome needs to be maternal to avoid the spread of deleterious elements. This paper therefore argues that viviparity and the hazards from biparental transmission of the milk microbiome, together generate selection against male lactation in placental mammals.
Topics: Animals; Lactation; Female; Male; Symbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Milk; Pregnancy; Mammals; Maternal Inheritance
PubMed: 38937464
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49559-5 -
Explore (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024Prevention and management of nipple problems are crucial during the postpartum period for effective breastfeeding. Breastmilk is the most commonly recommended method for... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Prevention and management of nipple problems are crucial during the postpartum period for effective breastfeeding. Breastmilk is the most commonly recommended method for lactating women. However, insufficient studies have proven its superiority over other methods in the current literature. This study aims to determine the effects of natural products compared to breast milk in preventing and treating nipple trauma and pain in lactating women.
METHODS
In this review, we investigated studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases that met the inclusion criteria. We also assessed the studies' methodological quality with the Cochrane and JBI checklists. This study was performed based on the Guidelines of Systematic Reporting of Examination presented in the PRISMA checklist. The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.
RESULTS
A total of ten published studies, including 1139 lactating women, were included in this review. The meta-analysis results showed a significant effect of natural product intervention on nipple trauma (Hedge's g -0.702, Q = 81,154, I =91,374 %, p < 0.001), soreness (Hedge's g =-0.648, Q = 7,092, I =71,801 %, p < 0.001), and pain levels (Hedge's g =-0.613, Q = 25,058, I =76,056 %, p < 0.001) experienced by lactating women.
CONCLUSION
The findings showed that natural products have greater potential than breast milk in managing nipple pain, trauma, and soreness. However, the evidence for these interventions is low or very low quality. Further research is needed to determine the most effective treatment for nipple trauma in lactating women.
PubMed: 38937192
DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.103019 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38936663
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.033 -
Journal of Microbiological Methods Jun 2024This study aimed to compare the performance of flow cytometry methods with plate counting for the enumeration of bacteria, using Bacillus cereus as a model organism. It...
This study aimed to compare the performance of flow cytometry methods with plate counting for the enumeration of bacteria, using Bacillus cereus as a model organism. It was found that the cFDA-propidium iodide, CellROX™ Green-propidium iodide, and DiOC dye techniques had similar accuracy to plate counting, while the SYTO 24-propidium iodide dye technique was not as accurate. The four dye techniques had comparable precision to plate counting, with the CellROX™ Green-propidium iodide dye having the greatest precision. The consistency of the position and shape of the cell clusters on the flow cytometry plots, and the extent of separation of the cell from background clusters, was greatest with the DiOC and CellROX™ Green-propidium iodide dyes. Furthermore, the DiOC and CellROX™ Green-propidium iodide dyes performed well, even when a sample was measured containing reconstituted whole milk powder at a 10 dilution, without the use of sample preparation to specifically remove the milk constituents prior to measurement. Given gating of only one cell cluster was required to be managed with the DiOC dye, to determine the viable number of cells, it was found that the DiOC dye had the greatest ease-of-use. Overall, results indicated that the DiOC dye is an ideal candidate for the enumeration of viable bacteria in dairy samples on a high-throughput, routine basis.
PubMed: 38936432
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106978 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jun 2024This work explores strategies for electrokinetic preconcentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are potential source of biomarkers for different diseases. The...
This work explores strategies for electrokinetic preconcentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are potential source of biomarkers for different diseases. The first approach that led to successful preconcentration of EVs is based on large volume sample stacking (LVSS), allowing an enrichment factor of 7 for CE of EVs with long-end injection (using a capillary with an effective length of 50 cm). Attempts were also made to perform multiple cycles of LVSS, field amplified sample stacking (FASS) and field amplified sample injection (FASI), to improve EVs preconcentration performance. The focus was then put on development of capillary isotachophoresis under high ionic strengths (IS) for electrokinetic enrichment of slow migrating EVs having heterogeneous mobilities. This approach relies on the use of extremely high concentrations of the terminating electrolyte (TE) to slow down the mobility of TE co-ions, rendering them slower than those of EVs. The limit of detection for intact EVs using the developed ITP-UV method reached 8.3 × 10 EVs/mL, allowing an enrichment of 25 folds and a linear calibration up to 4 × 10 EVs/mL. The ITP-UV and ITP-LIF approaches were applied to provide the electrokinetic signature of EVs of bovine milk and human plasma as well as to visualize more specifically intravesicular fluorescently labelled EVs. The investigation of these strategies shredded light into the challenges still encountered with electrokinetic preconcentration and separation of heterogeneous EVs sub-populations which are discussed herein based on our results and other attempts reported in the literature.
PubMed: 38936163
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465116