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Terapevticheskii Arkhiv Feb 2022To establish the role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin (M-cells) in the occurrence of cholelithiasis.
AIM
To establish the role of the main risk factors and endocrine cells of the antrum of the stomach producing motilin (M-cells) in the occurrence of cholelithiasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The first group included 122 patients with cholelithiasis. The second group consisted of 30 healthy individuals who underwent medical examination. The groups were matched for gender and age. The work analyzed anamnestic, biochemical and anthropometric data. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with targeted biopsy of the mucous membrane from the antrum. Biopsies were subjected to cytological and immunohistochemical studies in order to verify Helicobacter pylori and estimate the number of M-cells.
RESULTS
Patients with cholelithiasis more often belonged to the group of people of mental labor, had low physical activity, were committed to inappropriate nutrition and more often indicated the presence of aggravated heredity for cholelithiasis. Patients with gallstone disease had higher body mass index, waist volume, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, H. pylori infection was more often verified and M-cell hypoplasia in the mucous membrane was established. stomach in comparison with the representatives of the second group.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that certain external factors, nutritional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome components, hypoplasia of M-cells in the gastric mucosa are important factors in the formation of calculi in the gallbladder.
Topics: Humans; Motilin; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Stomach; Gastric Mucosa; Cholelithiasis; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Endocrine Cells; Cholesterol; Glucose; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL
PubMed: 36286744
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201370 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022The present study was designed to observe the effect of quadruple therapy combined with probiotics on -related peptic ulcer. The patients in the control group ( = 90)...
The present study was designed to observe the effect of quadruple therapy combined with probiotics on -related peptic ulcer. The patients in the control group ( = 90) were given regular quadruple therapy including proton pump inhibitor ilaprazole enteric-coated tablet + two antibiotics amoxicillin dispersible tablet and metronidazole tablet + colloidal bismuth pectin capsule for 2 weeks. Patients in the study group ( = 90) were given abovementioned quadruple therapy combined with probiotics live combined , , and Capsules, oral for 2 weeks. Then Hp clearance rate, recurrence rate, levels of gastrointestinal hormone makers, and advance reactions between two groups were compared. At the 2nd week after the treatment, the clearance rate in the study group (87.79%) was significantly higher than the control group (78.89%), and the total recurrence rate in the study group (6.67%) was significantly lower than the control group (13.33%) ( < 0.05). Serum gastrin and motilin expression were lower, and somatostatin expressions was significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( > 0.05). In summary, quadruple therapy combined with probiotics in the treatment of -related peptic ulcer can improve the clearance rate, reduce the recurrence rate, and is beneficial to improving the level of gastrointestinal hormones, with certain safety.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; Bismuth; Metronidazole; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Gastrins; Motilin; Tablets, Enteric-Coated; Drug Therapy, Combination; Peptic Ulcer; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Probiotics; Pectins; Somatostatin
PubMed: 36267315
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1221190 -
American Journal of Translational... 2022To analyze the gastrointestinal function and prognostic value of tumor markers (TMs) in patients with laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (LRRCC).
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the gastrointestinal function and prognostic value of tumor markers (TMs) in patients with laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (LRRCC).
METHODS
The research population of this retrospective study comprised 141 patients with CC who received treatment in the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University between July 2017 and August 2018, including 74 cases (observation group, OG) treated with LRRCC and 67 cases (control group, CG) undergoing open surgery (OS). Postoperative gastrointestinal function and complications were recorded. Besides, alterations in serum TMs carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and the 3-years survival of patients were observed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the prognostic value of TMs. Risk factors affecting the prognosis of LRRCC patients were analyzed by the Cox regression model.
RESULTS
Significantly higher levels of motilin (MOT) and gastrin (GT) were determined in OG compared with CG. The two groups showed no notable difference in the postoperative complication rate. Postoperative serum CEA and CA199 levels were obviously lower in OG as compared with CG. A higher 3-year survival rate was determined in OG. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCs) of CEA and CA19-9 levels in predicting patients' 3-year survival were 0.826 and 0.867, respectively. According to the Cox regression analysis, tumor diameter, lymph node involvement, TNM staging, vascular invasion, CEA, and CA19-9 were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of LRRCC patients.
CONCLUSIONS
LRRCC is well-tolerated by patients with CC and contributes to favorable outcomes. Besides, CEA and CA19-9, the two TMs, may be candidate prognostic markers for patients undergoing LRRCC.
PubMed: 36247249
DOI: No ID Found -
General and Comparative Endocrinology Jan 2023The effects of newt motilin on the contractility of the isolated gastrointestinal (GI) tract from Japanese fire belly newts (newt) were examined to clarify whether...
Motilin is a regulator of gastric contraction in Japanese fire belly newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster), in vitro studies using isolated gastrointestinal strips of newts, rabbits, and chickens.
The effects of newt motilin on the contractility of the isolated gastrointestinal (GI) tract from Japanese fire belly newts (newt) were examined to clarify whether motilin regulates GI motility in urodele amphibians. In addition, contractile responsiveness to motilins from seven species of vertebrates (human, chicken, turtle, alligator, axolotol, newt and zebrafish) were compared in GI preparations from three different animals (rabbit duodenum, chicken ileum and newt stomach) to determine the species-specific action of motilin. Newt motilin (10 M - 10 M) caused a contraction of cognate gastric strips, while the upper, middle, and lower intestinal strips were insensitive. The rank order of motilins for contractile activity in newt gastric strips was newt > alligator > axolotol > chicken > turtle > human ≫ zebrafish. On the other hand, newt motilin caused a weak contraction in the rabbit duodenum (human > alligator = chicken > turtle > newt ≧ axolotol > zebrafish), and it was ineffective in the chicken ileum (chicken > turtle > alligator > human ≫ newt, axolotol and zebrafish). This study demonstrates that motilin induces contraction in the GI tract of a urodele amphibian, the newt, in a region (stomach)-specific manner and further indicates that a ligand-receptor interaction of the motilin system is a species-specific manner probably due to differences in the amino acid sequence of motilin.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rabbits; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Tract; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Salamandridae; Stomach; Zebrafish
PubMed: 36228737
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114140 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... Jun 2022it was aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of cupping moxibustion in patients with functional diarrhea. 51 patients diagnosed with functional diarrhea from... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
it was aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of cupping moxibustion in patients with functional diarrhea. 51 patients diagnosed with functional diarrhea from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the objects, and they were randomly divided into the control group (oral montmorillonite powder) and the experiment group (oral montmorillonite powder combined with cupping moxibustion). The number of diarrheas, Bristol stool, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes, clinical efficacy indexes, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) scale score, peripheral blood cell levels of CD4+, CD8+, and Th17, gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), and cholecystokinin (CCK) levels was assessed before and after treatment. The adverse events were also recorded. Compared with those before treatment, all indexes of both groups were significantly improved (P<0.05). Compared with those of the control group, the number of diarrheas, Bristol stool, TCM syndrome score, SAS score, and CD8+ cell levels was significantly decreased after treatment in the experiment group (P<0.05). The clinical cure rate (48.0% vs. 73.1%), SF-36 score, GAS, MTL, CCK contents, and CD4+, and Th17 cell levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). No significant difference was in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05). It could be suggested that cupping moxibustion could be applied in the treatment of functional diarrhea, improving the clinical symptoms, relieving anxiety, enhancing gastrointestinal and immune functions, and promoting the quality of life of patients significantly.
Topics: Bentonite; Cholecystokinin; Diarrhea; Gastrins; Humans; Immunity; Motilin; Moxibustion; Powders; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36227672
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.6.16 -
Appetite Jan 2023Taste receptors are located on the epithelial surface throughout the alimentary canal to identify nutrients and potential toxins. In the oral cavity, the role of taste...
Taste receptors are located on the epithelial surface throughout the alimentary canal to identify nutrients and potential toxins. In the oral cavity, the role of taste is to encourage or discourage ingestion, while in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the taste receptors help the body prepare for an appropriate response to the ingested foods. The GI sensing of bitter compounds may alter the secretion of appetite-related hormones thereby reducing food intake, which may have potential use for managing health outcomes. This systematic literature review investigated the acute effects of administering different bitter tasting compounds on circulating levels of selected GI hormones, subjective appetite, and energy intake in humans. A literature search was conducted using Medline, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. Of 290 articles identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies assessed food intake; four of these found bitter administration decreased food intake and eight did not. Fourteen studies assessed subjective appetite; seven found bitter administration affected at least one measure of appetite and seven detected no significant changes. Nine studies included measures of GI hormones; no significant effects were found for changes in GLP-1, CCK or PYY. Four studies measured motilin and ghrelin and found mostly consistent changes in either food intake or subjective appetite. Overall, the data on food intake and subjective appetite were inconsistent, with only motilin and ghrelin responsive to post-oral bitter administration. There is limited consistent conclusive evidence that bitter compounds influence food intake, appetite or hormones with the reasons for this discussed within. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: CRD42021226102.
Topics: Humans; Appetite Regulation; Energy Intake; Hormones
PubMed: 36216215
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106336 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022In this study, the laxative effect of BC01 (BC01) in mice was investigated using a functional constipation mouse model. Six-week-old male specific pathogen-free (SPF)...
In this study, the laxative effect of BC01 (BC01) in mice was investigated using a functional constipation mouse model. Six-week-old male specific pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (saline), model group (loperamide hydrochloride), drug control group (bisacodyl), BC01 low-dose group (4.0 × 10 CFU/mL) and BC01 high-dose group (4.0 × 10 CFU/mL). Except for the normal group, the functional constipation model was established by administering 0.25 mL of a loperamide hydrochloride suspension (1 mg/mL) twice daily for four consecutive days by oral gavage. After modeling, the BC01 groups were administered 0.25 mL of BC01. The bisacodyl served as a control and was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg, while the other groups were administered 0.25 mL of sterile saline. After 7 days of continuous administration, the experimental mice were again induced by loperamide hydrochloride. During this period, the mechanism of BC01 to improve constipation symptoms in mice was analyzed by measuring the changes in body weight, fecal water content, small intestine propulsion rate, histology of small intestinal tissue sections, fecal microbial diversity, serum indices, as well as mRNA and protein expression levels in the small intestinal tissue. BC01 was found to significantly promote the intestinal propulsion rate and increase the fecal water content in the mice. BC01 could also alleviates constipation by regulating gastrointestinal motility (substance P, motilin, endothelin-1, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide), gene expression (κ, and ), intestinal inflammation (eNOS, iNOS, NF-κB), and the intestinal microbiota composition in the constipated mice. In addition, the high-dose BC01 treatment had the best preventive effect on constipation. BC01 is a probiotic strain to effectively relieve the adverse effects of constipation.
PubMed: 36211526
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.964257 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2022Okra, possessing various bioactive components, is used to treat different diseases. This study sought to estimate the intervention effects of okra extract (OE) on...
OBJECTIVE
Okra, possessing various bioactive components, is used to treat different diseases. This study sought to estimate the intervention effects of okra extract (OE) on brain-gut peptides (BGPs) and intestinal microorganisms in sleep deprivation (SD) rats.
METHODS
SD rat models were established using the modified multiple platform method and then treated with normal saline, diazepam tablets, or different doses of OE. Body weight and average daily water consumption of rats were recorded. Depressive behaviors of rats were assessed by the open field test and sucrose preference test. Serum levels of noradrenaline, melatonin, inflammatory factors (IL-1/IL-6/TNF-/IL-4/IL-10), and BGP indexes, including gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cholecystokinin (CCK), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measured by ELISA. Additionally, the DNA relative contents of representative intestinal microorganisms in the collected rat feces were determined using RT-qPCR.
RESULTS
SD decreased body weight and average daily water consumption and induced depressive behaviors as well as stress and inflammatory responses in rats. SD rats exhibited lowered GAS, MTL, 5-HT, and VIP but elevated CCK and showed diminished DNA relative contents of and probiotics ( and ) but increased . OE at different doses ameliorated the depressive behaviors and mitigated the stress and inflammatory responses in SD rats, raised the serum contents of GAS, MTL, 5-HT, and VIP, reduced CCK level, elevated the DNA relative contents of and probiotics, but diminished . OE exhibited similar intervention effects to diazepam tablets (positive control).
CONCLUSION
OE exerts intervention effects on BGPs and intestinal microorganisms in SD rats.
PubMed: 36193125
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9855411 -
Surgery For Obesity and Related... Dec 2022Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) results in lifelong changes in gastrointestinal physiology with unclear associations with appetite perception.
BACKGROUND
Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) results in lifelong changes in gastrointestinal physiology with unclear associations with appetite perception.
OBJECTIVE
To explore mixed meal-induced changes in glucose homeostasis and gut hormones and their correlations with appetite perception.
SETTING
University hospital.
METHODS
Of 28 patients studied preoperatively (age: 38.4 ± 11.3 years; body mass index [BMI]: 56.5 ± 5.1 kg/m; 14 women), 19 (68%) returned for postoperative follow-up. Plasma was sampled for 180 minutes during a 260-kcal standardized mixed meal. Concentrations of leptin, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, active acyl-ghrelin, motilin, total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and total peptide YY (PYY) were measured. Subjective appetite sensations were scored.
RESULTS
BPD/DS resulted in 66.1% ± 23.3% excess BMI loss. Leptin was halved. Glucose and insulin levels were reduced, blunting a preoperative peak at 30 minutes, giving a lower homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; 13.9 versus 4.8). In contrast, reduced ghrelin and motilin concentrations were accompanied by pronounced peaks 20-30 minutes prior to meal responses. GIP was reduced, whereas GLP-1 and PYY responses were markedly increased, with an early postprandial peak (P < .05, for all). HOMA-IR correlated with insulin (r = .72) and GIP (r = .57). Postoperatively, satiety correlated with GLP-1 (r = .56), whereas the gastric motility index correlated with the desire to eat (r = .60), percentage excess BMI loss (r = -.55), and percentage total weight loss (r = -.49). Delta insulin, GLP-1, and leptin correlated positively with percentage total weight loss (r = .51, r = .48, and r = .58, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
BPD/DS reduces leptin, HOMA-IR, and GIP while markedly increasing GLP-1 and PYY. This study marks the magnitude change in GLP-1 with additional effects of PYY as important factors for weight loss.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Appetite; Biliopancreatic Diversion; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Homeostasis; Insulin; Leptin; Motilin; Peptide YY; Weight Loss; Male
PubMed: 36151028
DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.010