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Anatomical Sciences Education Jul 2024Reduced hours of instruction are reported within the gross anatomy education literature. Anatomy instruction continues to be challenged with motivating and inspiring...
Reduced hours of instruction are reported within the gross anatomy education literature. Anatomy instruction continues to be challenged with motivating and inspiring learners to value the contribution of gross anatomy knowledge to their career development alongside increased organizational demands for efficiency and effectiveness. To address these demands, this retrospective study sought to understand how the relative timing and amount of gross anatomy instruction were related to examination performance. Undergraduate and graduate students between 2018 and 2022 were assigned to three cohorts determined by enrollment in prosection-based anatomy only (n = 334), concurrent enrollment in prosection- and dissection-based anatomy in the same semester (n = 67), or consecutive enrollment in the courses one year apart (n = 43). Concurrent students had higher prosection-based anatomy examination scores than prosection-only and consecutive students. Consecutively, enrolled students outperformed concurrently enrolled students on the first two dissection examinations but showed no performance differences on the third and fourth dissection examinations. While the results on the timing and presentation of anatomical instruction were inconclusive, the results do support increased instructional time using both prosection and dissection modalities concurrently to improve performance on identification-based gross anatomy examinations.
PubMed: 38954745
DOI: 10.1002/ase.2479 -
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Jul 2024-Learning space for children with different sensory needs, nowadays, can be interactive, multisensory experiences, designed collaboratively by (i) specialists in...
-Learning space for children with different sensory needs, nowadays, can be interactive, multisensory experiences, designed collaboratively by (i) specialists in special-needs learning, (ii) Extended Realities (XR)-technologists and (iii) sensorial-diverse children, to provide the motivation, challenge and development of key skills. While traditional audio and visual sensors in XR is challenging for XR-applications to meet the needs of visually and hearing impaired sensorial-diverse children, our research goes a step ahead by integrating sensory technologies including haptic, tactile, kinaesthetic and olfactory feedback that was well received by the children. Our research also demonstrates the protocols for (i) development of a suite of XR-applications; (ii) methods for experiments and evaluation; and (iii) tangible improvements in XR learning experience. Our research considered and is in compliance with the ethical and social implications and has the necessary approval for accessibility, user safety, and privacy.
PubMed: 38954577
DOI: 10.1109/MCG.2024.3419699 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Jul 2024, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, describes how compassionate leadership results in engaged and motivated staff, in turn...
, Executive Director of Professional Practice, Nursing and Midwifery Council, describes how compassionate leadership results in engaged and motivated staff, in turn leading to high-quality care.
Topics: Empathy; Humans; Patient Safety; United Kingdom; Leadership
PubMed: 38954447
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2024.0206 -
JAMA Network Open Jul 2024Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals (ie, those with low socioeconomic status [SES]) have difficulty quitting smoking and may benefit from incentive-based... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals (ie, those with low socioeconomic status [SES]) have difficulty quitting smoking and may benefit from incentive-based cessation interventions.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the impact of incentivizing smoking abstinence on smoking cessation among adults with low SES.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This study used a 2-group randomized clinical trial design. Data collection occurred between January 30, 2017, and February 7, 2022. Participants included adults with low SES who were willing to undergo smoking cessation treatment. Data were analyzed from April 18, 2023, to April 19, 2024.
INTERVENTIONS
Participants were randomized to usual care (UC) for smoking cessation (counseling plus pharmacotherapy) or UC plus abstinence-contingent financial incentives (UC plus FI).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence (PPA) at 26 weeks after the quit date. Secondary outcomes included biochemically verified 7-day PPA at earlier follow-ups, 30-day PPA at 12 and 26 weeks, repeated 7-day PPA, and continuous abstinence. Multiple approaches were employed to handle missing outcomes at follow-up, including categorizing missing data as smoking (primary), complete case analysis, and multiple imputation.
RESULTS
The 320 participants had a mean (SD) age of 48.9 (11.6) and were predominantly female (202 [63.1%]); 82 (25.6%) were Black, 15 (4.7%) were Hispanic, and 200 (62.5%) were White; and 146 (45.6%) participated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 161 were randomized to UC and 159 were randomized to UC plus FI. After covariate adjustment with missing data treated as smoking, assignment to UC plus FI was associated with a greater likelihood of 7-day PPA at the 4-week (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.11 [95% CI, 1.81-5.34]), 8-week (AOR, 2.93 [95% CI, 1.62-5.31]), and 12-week (AOR, 3.18 [95% CI, 1.70-5.95]) follow-ups, but not at the 26-week follow-up (22 [13.8%] vs 14 [8.7%] abstinent; AOR, 1.79 [95% CI, 0.85-3.80]). However, the association of group assignment with smoking cessation reached statistical significance at all follow-ups, including 26 weeks, with multiple imputation (37.37 [23.5%] in the UC plus FI group vs 19.48 [12.1%] in the UC group were abstinent; AOR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.14-4.63]). Repeated-measures analyses indicated that participants in the UC plus FI group were significantly more likely to achieve PPA across assessments through 26 weeks with all missing data estimation methods. Other secondary cessation outcomes also showed comparable patterns across estimation methods. Participants earned a mean (SD) of $72 ($90) (of $250 possible) in abstinence-contingent incentives. Participation during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the likelihood of cessation across assessments.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this randomized clinical trial, incentivizing smoking cessation did not increase cessation at 26 weeks when missing data were treated as smoking; however, the UC plus FI group had greater odds of quitting at follow-ups through 12 weeks. Cessation rates were higher for the UC plus FI group at all follow-ups through 26 weeks when multiple imputation was used to estimate missing outcomes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02737566.
Topics: Humans; Smoking Cessation; Female; Male; Motivation; Adult; Middle Aged; Vulnerable Populations; Poverty
PubMed: 38954415
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18821 -
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Jul 2024BackgroundPericardial cysts are infrequent lesions. Most of these are asymptomatic and incidental findings during investigations for unrelated conditions. When they are...
BackgroundPericardial cysts are infrequent lesions. Most of these are asymptomatic and incidental findings during investigations for unrelated conditions. When they are symptomatic, they demonstrate most of the time a benign clinical course. Yet, treatment is sometimes necessary. Besides a (temporary) treatment as percutaneous aspiration, there is surgery as a definite treatment. The aim of the paper is to motivate the safety and efficacy of uniportal video assisted thoracoscopy (UVATS) for the excision of (giant) pericardial cysts and describe their (peri-)operative technique.MethodsIn this retrospective, single center based case series, we report all cases with a pericardial cyst who underwent a surgical excision by uniportal VATS (UVATS) between March 2022 and April 2023. Detailed patient characteristics, operation details, hospital length of stay and follow-up data were collected.ResultsA total of 4 patients underwent excision of a pericardial cyst by UVATS. The follow-up ranged from 10 to 20 months. The mean diameter of the pericardial cyst was 124 mm. Median procedure time was 94 minutes. No per- and postoperative complications occurred. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 2 days. All patients showed a clinically relevant improvement of the pre-operative symptoms.ConclusionsUniportal VATS excision for pericardial cysts is a safe and effective surgical procedure with good outcomes on symptom relief. Though, future comparative studies are urged to elucidate its value among other treatment options.
PubMed: 38954403
DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2024.2375092 -
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health... Jul 2024Black women are less likely to seek psychological help and underutilize mental health services. Although help-seeking attitudes and intentions are associated in the...
Black women are less likely to seek psychological help and underutilize mental health services. Although help-seeking attitudes and intentions are associated in the general population, less is known about this relationship among Black women in college. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the relationship between help-seeking attitudes and intention among 167 self-identified Black women in college. We also investigated if dimensions of the Superwoman Schema (i.e., an obligation to display strength, resistance to being vulnerable, an obligation to suppress emotions, an intense motivation to succeed despite limited resources, and an obligation to help others) moderated this relationship. Findings indicated a significant positive relationship between help-seeking attitudes and help-seeking intention. Regarding moderation, an obligation to suppress emotions, resistance to vulnerability, and an obligation to help others interacted with help-seeking attitudes in predicting help-seeking intention. Notably, low adherence to an obligation to suppress emotions, resistance to vulnerability, and an obligation to help others were associated with high levels of help-seeking intention. However, more favorable help-seeking attitudes improved help-seeking intention for participants high in adherence to these dimensions. Our findings suggest that understanding the relevance of the Superwoman Schema among Black women is critical for increasing help-seeking behavior.
PubMed: 38954399
DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02075-0 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly Jul 2024Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is multifaceted and can have significant negative consequences. The present study examined the contribution of cognitive, metacognitive,...
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is multifaceted and can have significant negative consequences. The present study examined the contribution of cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional factors as predictors for IGD severity. In a cross-sectional study, 703 Iranian adolescents (36.8% females, mean age = 16.98 years [SD = 1.23]) completed an online survey. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional factors predicted 7.8%, 17.4%, 1.4%, and 1.9% of the variance in IGD symptoms, respectively. The findings indicated that the cognitive factors including some maladaptive cognitions, such as cognitive salience, regret, and perfectionism, and metacognitive factors including some maladaptive metacognitions (negative metacognitions regarding the uncontrollability of online gaming and negative metacognitions regarding the dangers of online gaming) were significant predictors of IGD severity, highlighting their importance in understanding and predicting problematic gaming behaviors. Although contributing to the variance in IGD, motivational factors (escape, coping, and skill development) and emotional factors including emotion regulation (especially reappraisal) played relatively smaller roles compared to cognitive and metacognitive factors. Of the examined predictive factors, metacognitions were the most important predictor of IGD severity. Exploratory moderator analyses showed significant interactions between three predictors of IGD (reappraisal, negative metacognitions, and cognitive salience) with loneliness, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Reappraisal was the most frequent predictor and had a significant interaction with these variables. Other predictors independently impacted IGD irrespective of the level of loneliness, stress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms. Based on these findings, special attention to metacognitive, cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors is suggested in the treatment of IGD.
PubMed: 38954306
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-024-10075-w -
International Urogynecology Journal Jul 2024Pessary self-management offers benefits to women with no increased risk of complications. However, many are unwilling to self-manage, preferring clinician-led care. This...
Understanding Factors That Affect Willingness to Self-Manage a Pessary for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Pessary-Using Women in the UK.
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
Pessary self-management offers benefits to women with no increased risk of complications. However, many are unwilling to self-manage, preferring clinician-led care. This study is aimed at exploring factors associated with willingness to self-manage a pessary.
METHODS
Women attending pessary clinic at a UK hospital were asked to complete a questionnaire providing responses on pessary use, comorbidities, female genital self-image, self-management experience and willingness (or not) to learn self-management. Based upon statistical advice we aimed to recruit 90 women. Data were analysed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-squared test. Free text data were analysed thematically.
RESULTS
A total of 89 women completed the questionnaire. Thirty-three women (38%) had previously been taught pessary self-management. Of the remaining women, 12 (21%) were willing to learn, 28 (50%) were not willing and 16 (29%) were unsure. There was no correlation between female genital self-image and willingness to self-manage a pessary. Younger women were more willing to learn self-management (p = < 0.001). Willing women were motivated by reduced follow-up visits. Self-managing women reported benefits including increased autonomy, cleanliness and giving their body "a break". Reasons discouraging women from self-managing were a lack of confidence; feeling physically unable; wanting clinician-led care; fear of problems or previous problems with their pessary.
CONCLUSIONS
Most women were either unsure about pessary self-management or unwilling to self-manage. Age was the only factor we found that had a significant relationship with willingness to self-manage a pessary. With robust self-management teaching, support and follow-up, it is likely that many of the barriers women report can be overcome.
PubMed: 38953998
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-024-05840-1 -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Jul 2024People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) engage less in physical activity than healthy individuals. The impact of subjectively assessed physical fitness levels...
BACKGROUND
People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) engage less in physical activity than healthy individuals. The impact of subjectively assessed physical fitness levels on motivation for sports engagement and its relation to objective fitness parameters in SSD is unclear.
METHODS
25 patients with SSD (P-SSD) and 24 healthy controls (H-CON) participated in a randomized controlled study. Individual anaerobic thresholds (AT) were determined by an incremental exercise test and on separate days, aerobic exercise (cycling at 80% of workload at AT) and non-exercise control (sitting on an ergometer without cycling) sessions were performed. Demographic, clinical and objective physical fitness data (i.e., weekly physical activity, workload at AT, heart rate) were collected. Subjective physical fitness parameters were assessed before and after exercise and control sessions.
RESULTS
Weekly physical activity in P-SSD was lower than in H-CON (p < 0.05) attributed to reduced engagement in sport activities (p < 0.001). Workload and percentage of predicted maximal heart rate at AT were also reduced in P-SSD compared to H-CON (both p < 0.05). Although objective and subjective physical fitness parameters were related in H-CON (p < 0.01), this relationship was absent in P-SSD. However, during exercise sessions subjective physical fitness ratings increased to a stronger extent in P-SSD than H-CON (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The missing relationship between subjective and objective physical fitness parameters in people with SSD may represent a barrier for stronger engagement in physical activity. Accordingly, supervised exercise interventions with individually adjusted workload intensity may support realistic subjective fitness estimations and enhance motivation for sports activity in individuals with SSD.
PubMed: 38953981
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01844-6 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024India is at a critical stage to eliminate filariasis. Uncovering the factors governing may help taking appropriate measures to achieve the goal.
BACKGROUND
India is at a critical stage to eliminate filariasis. Uncovering the factors governing may help taking appropriate measures to achieve the goal.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the acceptance of "mass drug administration" (MDA) for prophylaxis against filariasis and the factors facilitating and interfering with it.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tribal endemic area of India from May 2022 to October 2022. A validated 29-item self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Items were grouped under "knowledge," "social processes," "think and feel," "practical factors," and "motivation/hesitancy" domains.
RESULTS
Of 101 participants, majority were aware of the disease (92.1%), its vector (74.3%), at least one disability caused (87.2%), and governmental scheme of MDA (69.3%). Two-thirds never received and 85.1% did not receive MDA within 1 year. 68.3% refused of distribution of MDA to their doorstep. Majority were concerned for getting MDA for self and their family/friends; however, 49.5% showed inability to take independent decision. More than 30% disagreed to get MDA had it been available. The region with the highest concerns for adverse drug effects showed minimum MDA consumption than others (P < 0.05). MDA acceptance/consumption was significantly associated with knowledge about disability caused, distribution of drugs by a health-care representative to doorstep, behavior of the representative, and concerns about potential adverse drug effects.
CONCLUSION
MDA coverage was inadequate in the study population. Level of knowledge, practical difficulties in getting drugs, inapt thinking/concerns, motivation, awareness about disabilities caused, door-to-door drug distribution, and behavior of health-care representative(s), were identified as factors significantly affecting acceptance of MDA.
Topics: Humans; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Cross-Sectional Studies; India; Female; Male; Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Mass Drug Administration; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Middle Aged; Filaricides; Young Adult; Endemic Diseases; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent
PubMed: 38953805
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_312_23