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Journal of Medical Microbiology Feb 2024Disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emergent problem. Because NTM pulmonary disease and tuberculosis (TB) have similar clinical presentations,...
Disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an emergent problem. Because NTM pulmonary disease and tuberculosis (TB) have similar clinical presentations, many cases of NTM may be misdiagnosed as TB before laboratory identification of the NTM species. Clinical laboratories should always perform differentiation between complex (MTBC) and NTM to guide patients' correct treatment. To describe the characteristics and to identify mycobacterial isolates presumptively classified as MTBC by macroscopic characteristics in culture media that tested negative in GenoType MTBDR. All cultures from February 2019 to December 2021 showing MTBC macroscopic characteristics were processed by GenoType MTBDR. MTBC-negative cultures underwent species identification by immunochromatography, line probe assays and PRA-. Patients' data were obtained from Brazilian surveillance systems. Only 479 (3.1%) of 15 696 isolates presumptively identified as MTBC were not confirmed by GenoType MTBDR and were then subjected to identification. A total of 344 isolates were shown to be NTM, of which 309 (64.5%) and 35 (7.3%) were identified to the species and genus levels, respectively. Of the 204 NTM isolates with MTBC characteristics, the most frequent species were (=52, 25.5%), complex (MABC=27, 13.2%) and complex (MAC=26, 12.7%). Regarding the GenoType MTBDR results from NTM isolates, there were diverse hybridisation profiles with gene's different wild-type (WT) probes. Seventy-six (16.1%) of the 473 patients were classified as having NTM disease, the most frequent being MAC (=15, 19.7%), MABC (=13, 17.1%), (=10, 13.2%) and (=6, 7.9%). Because the signs and symptoms of pulmonary TB are similar to those of pulmonary mycobacteriosis and treatment regimens for TB and NTM are different, identifying the disease-causing species is paramount to indicate the correct management. Thus, in the laboratory routine, when an isolate presumptively classified as MTBC is MTBC-negative, it is still essential to perform subsequent identification.
Topics: Humans; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Tuberculosis; Genotype
PubMed: 38305283
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001794 -
Journal of Wildlife Diseases Apr 2024Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) are capable of infecting a wide variety of animals. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) has been recognized as an...
Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) are capable of infecting a wide variety of animals. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) has been recognized as an important wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis. We screened wild boar in Slovenia for the presence of (1) Mycobacterium bovis in tissues and (2) antibodies to M. bovis in blood samples. In 2016 and 2017, 1284 tissue samples from 676 wild boar were subjected to cultivation. In 2018 and 2019, blood samples from 132 wild boar were examined using an ELISA kit. None of the MTC species were isolated from the tissue samples, and no antibodies to M. bovis were detected in the blood samples. Several nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, were found in the tissues of 9.8% of the wild boar: Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, Mycobacterium peregrinum/Mycobacterium septicum, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium engbaekii, Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium algericum, Mycobacterium bohemicum, Mycobacterium confluentis, Mycobacterium flavescens, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile, and Mycobacterium vaccae. Species-level identification was not possible for 21.2% of the isolates. At the time of the study, wild boar in Slovenia were not at risk from bTB; the significance of the presence of NTM in wild boar remains to be clarified and evaluated from a One Health perspective.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Swine; Tuberculosis, Bovine; Slovenia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mycobacterium bovis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Sus scrofa; Cattle Diseases; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 38304986
DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00123 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2024An adult male captive diamondback water snake () was found dead after a 1-d history of lethargy and cutaneous ulcers. The snake had eaten 2 sunfish ( spp.) 5 d before...
An adult male captive diamondback water snake () was found dead after a 1-d history of lethargy and cutaneous ulcers. The snake had eaten 2 sunfish ( spp.) 5 d before death. Gross examination revealed white-to-tan nodules in the lung and liver and segmental intestinal impactions with digested fish. Histopathology confirmed disseminated granulomas with numerous intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacteria in the skin, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, and intestines. and were identified by culture of the hepatic granuloma, followed by PCR and gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first description of and coinfection in this species. Although has been isolated from reptiles, lesions associated with its presence in tissues have not been described previously. Interestingly, the mineralization within granulomas that we observed in our case is not reported in mycobacterial infection in reptiles, whereas this finding is common in mammals.
Topics: Male; Animals; Mycobacterium marinum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Colubridae; Coinfection; Granuloma; Mammals
PubMed: 38205524
DOI: 10.1177/10406387231224465 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Abscess
PubMed: 38185788
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15321 -
Tuberkuloz Ve Toraks Dec 2023Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause diseases not only in individuals with compromised immune systems but also in those with normal immune function. This study...
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause diseases not only in individuals with compromised immune systems but also in those with normal immune function. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of NTM in Türkiye and worldwide between 2012 and 2022. This study was designed following the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedure. A systematic search was conducted between January 2012 and September 2022 using different electronic databases, including Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Ebsco, Scopus, Türk Medline, and Google Scholar. During the literature review process, titles and abstracts were examined and the full texts of the studies were accessed. In 13 research articles from Türkiye included in the study, a total of 17.293 samples were studied and a total of 1304 NTM (7.54%) strains were isolated from these samples. Among the 1304 NTM strains reported from Türkiye, the top three most frequently isolated species were M. abscessus (29.83%), M. lentiflavum (14.97%), M. fortuitum (14.38%). In 35 studies included from around the world, a total of 512.626 samples were studied and a total of 12.631 NTM (2.46%) strains were isolated from these samples. Among the 12631 NTM strains isolated, the top three most frequently isolated species were M. intracellulare (28.13%), M. avium (17.70%) and M. abscessus (14.88%). This study unveiled the global prevalence of NTM-infected patients, detailing species distribution and microbiological diagnostic methods. Variations in NTM spread were observed, influenced by diverse factors.
Topics: Humans; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Prevalence; Turkey
PubMed: 38152011
DOI: 10.5578/tt.20239609 -
International Journal of... 2023We report an unusual case of native mitral valve endocarditis in a patient with carcinoma breast in remission. She presented with intermittent fever for 4 weeks. The...
We report an unusual case of native mitral valve endocarditis in a patient with carcinoma breast in remission. She presented with intermittent fever for 4 weeks. The patient had a chemo port in situ. Blood cultures flagged positive on the 3 day of incubation. Staining revealed branching acid-fast bacilli, which were subsequently identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The patient responded well to medical management alone. Only two such cases have been reported from India previously.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Endocarditis; Carcinoma; India
PubMed: 38149549
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_177_23 -
International Journal of... 2023For the present, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry is the fastest and the most correct method for species...
BACKGROUND
For the present, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry is the fastest and the most correct method for species identification of microorganisms. Apart from species-level identification, it allows to use a variety of approaches for the analysis and comparison of protein spectra of microorganisms of the same species, which are isolated from a patient at various disease states, that can be used in routine microbiological practice in laboratories fitted with mass analyzers.
METHODS
Two strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum and two strains of Mycobacterium peregrinum were isolated from sputum samples, which were obtained from patients with different clinical aspects of mycobacteriosis, whereat were reinoculated on the universal chromogenic culture medium "UriSelect 4." Further, the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry method was used, aiming to obtain protein profiles, which were analyzed using the FlexAnalysis 3.0 software package. Results of the statistical proteomic comparison of mass spectra were visualized using MALDI Biotyper 3.0 Offline Classification software.
RESULTS
Presented clinical examples demonstrate that strains of the same species, which are isolated from the same patient at different times of infection, change their cultural properties. Dynamic changes in cultural properties are reflected in changes in protein profiles by comparison spectra of isolates at different stages of colonization, which is reflected in the correlation with the clinical condition of the patient.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the mentioned examples of proteomic analysis, using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, demonstrate the possibility of subtyping of strains, that are isolated on a universal chromogenic culture medium, in case of detection in the culture signs of population's heterogeneity, based on cultural properties.
Topics: Humans; Bacterial Proteins; Proteomics; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 38149548
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_197_23 -
Microbial Ecology Dec 2023The impact of residential villages on the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in streams flowing through them has not been studied in detail. Water and sediments of...
The impact of residential villages on the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in streams flowing through them has not been studied in detail. Water and sediments of streams are highly susceptible to anthropogenic inputs such as surface water flows. This study investigated the impact of seven residential villages in a karst watershed on the prevalence and species spectrum of NTM in water and sediments. Higher NTM species diversity (i.e., 19 out of 28 detected) was recorded downstream of the villages and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) compared to sampling sites upstream (i.e., 5). Significantly, higher Zn and lower silicon concentrations were detected in sediments inside the village and downstream of the WWTP's effluents. Higher phosphorus concentration in sediment was downstream of WWTPs compared to other sampling sites. The effluent from the WWTPs had a substantial impact on water quality parameters with significant increases in total phosphorus, anions (Cland N-NH), and cations (Na and K). The results provide insights into NTM numbers and species diversity distribution in a karst watershed and the impact of urban areas. Although in this report the focus is on the NTM, it is likely that other water and sediment microbes will be influenced as well.
Topics: Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Rivers; Prevalence; Water Quality; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38102317
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02326-3 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2024In this manuscript, we report the photo-inactivation evaluation of new tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral Pt(II) complexes ate meta N-pyridyl positions in the...
In this manuscript, we report the photo-inactivation evaluation of new tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral Pt(II) complexes ate meta N-pyridyl positions in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of rapidly growing mycobacterial strains (RGM). Four different metalloderivatives were synthetized and applied. aPDT experiments in the strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Abscessus (ATCC 19977), Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Massiliense (ATCC 48898), and Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084) conducted with adequate concentration of photosensitizers (PS) under white-light conditions at 90 min (irradiance of 50 mW cm and a total light dosage of 270 J cm) showed that the Zn(II) derivative is the most effective PS significantly reduced the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The effectiveness of the molecule as PS for PDI studies is also clear with mycobacteria, which is strongly related with the porphyrin peripheral charge and coordination platinum(II) compounds and consequently about the presence of metal center ion. This class of PS may be promising antimycobacterial aPDT agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
Topics: Platinum; Mycobacterium; Light; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38051456
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01201-0 -
Medicine Dec 2023Injection-related abscesses are a common complication in clinical practice, but the identification of infected bacteria might be difficult.
RATIONALE
Injection-related abscesses are a common complication in clinical practice, but the identification of infected bacteria might be difficult.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 51-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to a lump on her right buttock that emerged after receiving intramuscular injections to treat left shoulder joint pain. The lump gradually enlarged into a 3.0 to 4.5 cm mass at the time of admission with symptoms such as skin redness, itching, and pain.
DIAGNOSES
The patient received ultrasonic and other laboratory examinations. Laboratory results from the drainage indicated that the infection was caused by a rapidly growing mycobacteria and was confirmed as Mycobacterium fortuitum by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient was treated with antibiotics for 12 days after incision and drainage of the abscess in the right buttock. Local dressings were changed regularly. A migration lesion that appeared 3 days after treatment was drained and cleaned when it matured.
OUTCOMES
The lesion substantially decreased in size and the patient was discharged after 2 months of treatment.
LESSONS
Rapidly growing mycobacteria are rare but important pathogens that should be considered in patients with injection-related abscesses. Early identification and appropriate treatment can result in a favorable prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Abscess; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium; Muscles; Pain; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 38050215
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036060