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Journal of Infection in Developing... May 2024Mycobacterium canariasense is a relatively rare and rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection.
INTRODUCTION
Mycobacterium canariasense is a relatively rare and rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection.
CASE REPORT
This case report describes a 36-year-old man with a Canariasense infection in the lung with solitary cavitation nodules located subpleural on CT scan, for which the final diagnosis was made by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF-mNGS). It was successfully treated with levofloxacin and amikacin.
CONCLUSIONS
This experience is instructive because clinical diagnostic and CT imaging characteristics and treatment strategy guidelines for pulmonary infections caused by M. canariasense have not yet been established.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Lung; Levofloxacin; Amikacin; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38865393
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18535 -
Gut Microbes 2024The role of gut microbiota in host defense against nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) was poorly understood. Here, we showed significant gut microbiota...
The role of gut microbiota in host defense against nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) was poorly understood. Here, we showed significant gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with NTM-LD. Reduced abundance of was significantly associated with NTM-LD and its disease severity. Compromised TLR2 activation activity in feces and plasma in the NTM-LD patients was highlighted. In the antibiotics-treated mice as a study model, gut microbiota dysbiosis with reduction of TLR2 activation activity in feces, sera, and lung tissue occurred. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated immunocompromised in lung which were closely associated with increased NTM-LD susceptibility. Oral administration of or its capsular polysaccharides enhanced TLR2 signaling, restored immune response, and ameliorated NTM-LD susceptibility. Our data highlighted the association of gut microbiota dysbiosis, systematically compromised immunity and NTM-LD development. TLR2 activation by or its capsular polysaccharides might help prevent NTM-LD.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Animals; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Humans; Mice; Male; Female; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Middle Aged; Feces; Aged; Prevotella; Lung Diseases; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Disease Susceptibility; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Lung
PubMed: 38860456
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2361490 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is considered a growing health concern. The majority of NTM-PD cases in Europe are caused by slow-growing...
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is considered a growing health concern. The majority of NTM-PD cases in Europe are caused by slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM). However, distinct radiological features of different SGM remain largely uninvestigated. We applied a previously described radiological score to a patient cohort consisting of individuals with isolation of different SGM. Correlations between clinical data, species and computed tomography (CT) features were examined by logistic and linear regression analyses, as well as over the course of time. Overall, 135 pulmonary CT scans from 84 patients were included. The isolated NTM-species were mainly Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC, n = 49), as well as 35 patients with non-MAC-species. Patients with isolation of M. intracellulare had more extensive CT findings compared to all other SGM species (coefficient 3.53, 95% Cl - 0.37 to 7.52, p = 0.075) while patients meeting the ATS criteria and not undergoing therapy exhibited an increase in CT scores over time. This study provides insights into differential radiological features of slow-growing NTM. While M. intracellulare exhibited a tendency towards higher overall CT scores, the radiological features were similar across different SGM. The applied CT score might be a useful instrument for monitoring patients and could help to guide antimycobacterial therapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Aged; Middle Aged; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Lung; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
PubMed: 38858499
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64029-0 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Jun 2024Non-tuberculosis infections in immunocompromised patients represent a cause for concern, given the increased risks of infection, and limited treatments available....
Non-tuberculosis infections in immunocompromised patients represent a cause for concern, given the increased risks of infection, and limited treatments available. Herein, we report that molecules for binding to the catalytic site of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibit its activity, thus increasing the innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria. The action of HDAC inhibitors (iHDACs) was explored in a model of type II pneumocytes and macrophages infection by . The results show that the use of 1,3-diphenylurea increases the expression of the TLR-4 in infected MDMs, as well as the production of defb4, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6. Moreover, we observed that aminoacetanilide upregulates the expression of TLR-4 together with TLR-9, defb4, CAMP, RNase 6, RNase 7, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6 in T2P. Results conclude that the tested iHDACs selectively modulate the expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides that are associated with reduction of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.
PubMed: 38855942
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0127 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024() is an opportunistic pathogen afflicting individuals with underlying lung disease such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF) or immunodeficiencies. Current treatment strategies for...
() is an opportunistic pathogen afflicting individuals with underlying lung disease such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF) or immunodeficiencies. Current treatment strategies for infections are limited by its inherent antibiotic resistance and limited drug access to in its niches resulting in poor cure rates of 30-50%. ability to survive within macrophages, granulomas and the mucus laden airways of the CF lung requires adaptation via transcriptional remodeling to counteract stresses like hypoxia, increased levels of nitrate, nitrite, and reactive nitrogen intermediates. () is known to coordinate hypoxic adaptation via induction of respiratory nitrate assimilation through the nitrate reductase . , on the other hand, does not encode a respiratory nitrate reductase. In addition, our recent study of the transcriptional responses of to hypoxia revealed marked down-regulation of a locus containing putative nitrate assimilation genes, including the orphan response regulator (nitrate/nitrite assimilation regulator). These putative nitrate assimilation genes, (nitrate/nitrite transporter), (nitrite reductase), , and (ferrochelatase) are arranged contiguously while (assimilatory nitrate reductase identified in this work) is encoded in a different locus. Absence of a respiratory nitrate reductase in and down-regulation of nitrogen metabolism genes in hypoxia suggest interplay between hypoxia adaptation and nitrate assimilation are distinct from what was previously documented in . The mechanisms used by to fine-tune the transcriptional regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the context of stresses e.g. hypoxia, particularly the role of NnaR, remain poorly understood. To evaluate the role of NnaR in nitrate metabolism we constructed a knockout strain ( ) and complement ( ) to investigate transcriptional regulation and phenotypes. qRT-PCR revealed NnaR is necessary for regulating nitrate and nitrite reductases along with a putative nitrate transporter. Loss of NnaR compromised the ability of to assimilate nitrate or nitrite as sole nitrogen sources highlighting its necessity. This work provides the first insights into the role of NnaR setting a foundation for future work investigating NnaR's contribution to pathogenesis.
Topics: Mycobacterium abscessus; Nitrates; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Nitrites; Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nitrite Reductases; Nitrate Reductase
PubMed: 38854658
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411333 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024The Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolates should be distinguished from tuberculosis and identified at the species level for choosing an appropriate treatment...
The Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolates should be distinguished from tuberculosis and identified at the species level for choosing an appropriate treatment plan. In this study, two molecular methods were used to differentiate NTM species, including a new designed High Resolution Melting (HRM) and Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA). Seventy-five mycobacterial isolates were evaluated by sequencing four genes ( MLSA) and a HRM assay specifically targeting atpE was designed to rapidly and accurately identify and differentiate mycobacterium species. Out of 70 NTM isolates, 66 (94.3%), 65 (92.9%), 65 (92.9%) and 64 (91.4%) isolates were identified to the species level by PCR of atpE, tuf, rpoB and dnaK genes. We could identify 100% of the isolates to the species level (14 different species) by MLSA. By using HRM assay, all NTM isolates were identified and classified into eight groups, in addition, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nocardia were also detected simultaneously. The MLSA technique was able to differentiate all 14 species of NTM isolates. According to the results, the HRM assay is a rapid and beneficial method for identifying NTM, M. tuberculosis (MTB), and Nocardia isolates without sequencing.
Topics: Humans; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Transition Temperature; Mycobacterium; Bacterial Proteins; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous
PubMed: 38851713
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03361-x -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... May 2024We present a patient who suffered an agricultural rollover trauma and developed a fracture-associated tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium smegmatis. Since cases are...
We present a patient who suffered an agricultural rollover trauma and developed a fracture-associated tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium smegmatis. Since cases are rare, treatment of infections with M. smegmatis requires an interprofessional approach and the combination of surgery and adjunctive antimicrobial treatment.
PubMed: 38850688
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116379 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2024Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder of venous malformations, with around 200 cases reported. We present a case of infection in a patient with blue rubber...
INTRODUCTION
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder of venous malformations, with around 200 cases reported. We present a case of infection in a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 40-year-old female with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, asthma, and bronchiectasis came to the pulmonology clinic with shortness of breath and a cough. She was recently admitted for a bronchiectasis exacerbation but continued to have a worsening productive cough and fevers. The most recent CT scan of the chest showed interval stable right upper lobe fibrocavitary disease, demonstrating gradual progression over two years. She had occasional positive cultures for and one year previously, assumed to be a colonizer and not treated. Most recent hospital cultures were negative for bacteria and an acid-fast bacilli smear. She was sent to the emergency department for bronchiectasis exacerbation and returned to the clinic six weeks later with two sputum cultures growing . It was decided to treat as this was likely the cause of her cavitary lung lesion and frequent infections. Azithromycin, rifampin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were initiated. Intravenous amikacin was added later on. She finally had a right partial lung resection done after one year at an outside hospital. She was on and off antibiotics for for approximately three years with negative repeat cultures for non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
CONCLUSION
Due to the high mortality of infections (which can be as high as 69%), treatment of at least twelve months is recommended. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of in a patient with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.
LEARNING POINTS
The decision to initiate treatment for non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections is often challenging with prolonged treatment.Lifetime monitoring is required in patients with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, which can have pulmonary complications. has the highest mortality among non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections and requires at least 12 months of treatment.
PubMed: 38846651
DOI: 10.12890/2024_004530 -
Heliyon Jun 2024The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease in children is increasing worldwide. The clinical manifestations of pediatric NTM patients are significantly...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease in children is increasing worldwide. The clinical manifestations of pediatric NTM patients are significantly different from those of adult patients, but the knowledge of the disease is generally poor.
METHODS
English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, BIOSIS) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfan, VIP) were searched on October 15th, 2022. All the articles of cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting the species composition and lesion site of the NTM disease in children using well-recognized NTM species identification methods were taken into account. Using a random effects model, we assessed the disease lesion sites and the prevalence of different NTM species in pediatric NTM disease. Sources of heterogeneity were analyzed using Cochran's Q and the I statistic. All analyses were performed using CMA V3.0.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of NTM disease in children ranged between 0.6 and 5.36/100,000 in different countries, and Europe reported the highest prevalence rate. The most common clinical lesion site was lymph node, accounting for 71.1 % (55.0 %-83.2 %), followed by lung (19.3 %, 9.8%-34.4 %)and then skin and soft tissue (16.6 %,13.5%-20.3 %). complex (MAC) was the most isolated NTM pathogen in children, accounting for 54.9 % (39.4%-69.6 %). Inconsistent with adult patients, accounted for a dominant proportion in MAC than .
CONCLUSIONS
The lymph node was the most affected organ in pediatric NTM disease, while was the most isolated pathogenic species in children.
PubMed: 38845977
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31757 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38844008
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.05.070